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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Central African Republic (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Cape Province region (2)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Chad (1)
-
Ghana (1)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (2)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
Antarctic Peninsula (2)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (7)
-
Isua Belt (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (2)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (3)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai-Sayan region (2)
-
Amur region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Gansu China (1)
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Inner Mongolia China (1)
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Qinling Mountains (1)
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South China Block (1)
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Tarim Platform (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
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Xizang China
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Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Hidaka metamorphic belt (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Mino Belt (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Prakasam India (1)
-
-
Bengal Islands
-
Andaman Islands (1)
-
-
Bihar India (1)
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Dharwar Craton (2)
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Ghats
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Western Ghats (1)
-
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Gujarat India
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Mount Girnar (1)
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Saurashtra (1)
-
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Haryana India (1)
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Karnataka India (2)
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Maharashtra India
-
Mumbai India (1)
-
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Narmada Valley (1)
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Narmada-Son Lineament (1)
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
Singhbhum shear zone (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
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Coimbatore India
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Sivamalai (2)
-
-
-
-
Indian Shield (3)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
North-West Frontier Pakistan
-
Hazara Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Igarka Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Lena River (1)
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus (1)
-
Iran (4)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Sayan (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (5)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Yakutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Fundy (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Lanzarote (1)
-
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
South Georgia (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia (1)
-
-
Avalon Zone (3)
-
Black Mountain (1)
-
Blue Mountains (1)
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Caledonides (4)
-
Canada
-
Amisk Lake (1)
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Gander Zone (1)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (7)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Antigonish County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
Cobequid Highlands (2)
-
Minas Basin (2)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (1)
-
-
Newfoundland
-
New World Island (1)
-
Notre Dame Bay (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Mamainse Point (1)
-
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Coldwell Complex (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Chibougamau Quebec (1)
-
-
Gaspe Peninsula (2)
-
Magdalen Islands (1)
-
Monteregian Hills (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (2)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (2)
-
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Labrador Trough (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Kaminak Lake (2)
-
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Coppermine River (1)
-
Manitoba
-
Lynn Lake Manitoba (2)
-
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Cuba (1)
-
Hispaniola
-
Dominican Republic (1)
-
-
Jamaica (1)
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Martinique (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Panama (2)
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Amur region (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Igarka Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Lena River (1)
-
Siberian Platform (5)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Yakutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
-
Davis Strait (1)
-
Dunnage Zone (2)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Galapagos Islands (2)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (3)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Iberian pyrite belt (1)
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Galicia Spain
-
Cabo Ortegal Complex (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (3)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Mount Etna (1)
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Ardennes (1)
-
Belgium
-
Brabant Massif (1)
-
-
France
-
Aquitaine Basin (1)
-
Armorican Massif (2)
-
Brittany (1)
-
Cotes-d'Armor France (1)
-
Esterel (1)
-
Finistere France (1)
-
Gers France (1)
-
Ille-et-Vilaine France (1)
-
Landes France (2)
-
Provence (1)
-
Var France
-
Maures Massif (1)
-
-
-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland
-
Kerry Ireland (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Finland (2)
-
Norway
-
Finnmark Norway (1)
-
-
Sweden
-
Skellefte mining district (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Midlothian Scotland (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales
-
Pembrokeshire Wales (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland
-
Antrim Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Fogo (1)
-
Grand Banks (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (1)
-
Carlsberg Ridge (1)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program (2)
-
Lake District (1)
-
Median Tectonic Line (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
Strait of Sicily (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
-
Tamaulipas Mexico (1)
-
-
Midland Valley (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Carolina slate belt (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (4)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Hearne Province (2)
-
-
Flin Flon Belt (1)
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (2)
-
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (14)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (2)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Lakes region (3)
-
Humber Zone (1)
-
Keweenawan Rift (1)
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande Depression (1)
-
Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (2)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (3)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Cocos Ridge (2)
-
Galapagos Rift (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Loihi Seamount (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Loihi Seamount (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Saint Lucia (1)
-
Scotia Sea Islands
-
South Georgia (1)
-
-
Sierra Nevada (2)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (1)
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Western Cordillera (2)
-
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
San Luis Argentina (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Borborema Province (1)
-
Rio Grande do Norte Brazil (1)
-
Sao Francisco Craton (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (2)
-
-
Colombia (2)
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Ecuador (2)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Bransfield Strait (1)
-
-
Southern Uplands (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Apache County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Lake County California (1)
-
Nevada County California (2)
-
Northern California (2)
-
Placer County California (1)
-
Plumas County California (1)
-
San Benito County California (1)
-
Shasta County California
-
Lassen Peak (1)
-
-
Sierra County California (2)
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Trinity County California (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Delta County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Hinsdale County Colorado (1)
-
Mesa County Colorado (1)
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Montrose County Colorado (1)
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Ouray County Colorado (1)
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Pikes Peak Batholith (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (1)
-
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Colorado Plateau (1)
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Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Connecticut
-
New Haven County Connecticut (1)
-
-
Georgia (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (3)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Idaho
-
Snake River plain (2)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Massachusetts
-
Berkshire County Massachusetts (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
-
Baraga County Michigan (1)
-
Dickinson County Michigan (1)
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Iron County Michigan (1)
-
Marquette County Michigan (1)
-
-
-
Minnesota
-
Chisago County Minnesota (1)
-
Duluth Complex (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Humboldt County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Grant County New Mexico (1)
-
-
New York
-
Columbia County New York (1)
-
Rensselaer County New York (1)
-
-
Newark Basin (1)
-
North Carolina (2)
-
Oklahoma (1)
-
Oregon
-
Malheur County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa Mountains (1)
-
-
South Carolina (2)
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Utah (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Polk County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Wyoming (2)
-
Wyoming Province (1)
-
-
Voltri Group (1)
-
-
commodities
-
bentonite deposits (1)
-
brines (1)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (3)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (10)
-
gold ores (6)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
nickel ores (7)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (7)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (2)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (13)
-
mineral exploration (6)
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
vermiculite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon (1)
-
chemical ratios (14)
-
hydrogen (1)
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (33)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (31)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (21)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (2)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (4)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (21)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
chromium (2)
-
copper (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
-
nickel (1)
-
niobium (3)
-
platinum group
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iridium (1)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
palladium (3)
-
palladium ores (1)
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platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (7)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
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cerium (2)
-
europium (2)
-
lanthanum (4)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (31)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
terbium (1)
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ytterbium (4)
-
yttrium (2)
-
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tantalum (1)
-
titanium (7)
-
zirconium (3)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
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oxygen
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O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
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phosphorus (1)
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silicon (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
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tellurium (1)
-
-
fossils
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Invertebrata
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (16)
-
K/Ar (8)
-
Lu/Hf (2)
-
Nd/Nd (2)
-
paleomagnetism (10)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
Rb/Sr (4)
-
Sm/Nd (3)
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Sr/Sr (1)
-
U/Pb (21)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Ferrar Group (2)
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
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Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (2)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Copley Greenstone (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (6)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (3)
-
Middle Ordovician (2)
-
Tetagouche Group (1)
-
Wild Bight Group (2)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (2)
-
Upper Permian (2)
-
-
Silurian (3)
-
upper Paleozoic (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Blake River Group (6)
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (8)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Sakoli Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian (1)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Helikian
-
Neohelikian (2)
-
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Hadrynian
-
Fourchu Group (1)
-
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Birimian (3)
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Wasekwan Group (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (2)
-
kimberlite (2)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (6)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
olivine diabase (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (6)
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (4)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (3)
-
charnockite (2)
-
felsite (2)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
rapakivi (3)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (3)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (4)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (3)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (9)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (22)
-
ocean-island basalts (7)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiite (5)
-
tholeiitic basalt (7)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (8)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (4)
-
latite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (3)
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
ophiolite (17)
-
ophite (2)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
eclogite (3)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-andesite (1)
-
metabasalt (19)
-
metabasite (3)
-
metadiabase (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
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metagranite (1)
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metakomatiite (1)
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metaperidotite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
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metasedimentary rocks
-
metasandstone (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (37)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (1)
-
hornblende schist (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (17)
-
ophite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenides
-
sperrylite (1)
-
-
minerals (4)
-
native elements
-
diamond (2)
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (3)
-
chrome spinel (4)
-
chromite (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
ilmenite (7)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (4)
-
rutile (1)
-
spinel (3)
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
titanomagnetite (2)
-
wustite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (2)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
pigeonite (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene (4)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar (1)
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
majorite (1)
-
-
kyanite (1)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (7)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (17)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (3)
-
cubanite (1)
-
digenite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
pentlandite (2)
-
pyrite (3)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (47)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Central African Republic (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Cape Province region (2)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Chad (1)
-
Ghana (1)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (2)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula (2)
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East Antarctica (1)
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Queen Maud Land (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains (2)
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Victoria Land
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McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea
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Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (7)
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Isua Belt (1)
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Kangerlussuaq (2)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (3)
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West Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
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Altai-Sayan region (2)
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Amur region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (1)
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Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
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China
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Gansu China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Hidaka metamorphic belt (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Mino Belt (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Prakasam India (1)
-
-
Bengal Islands
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Andaman Islands (1)
-
-
Bihar India (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (2)
-
Ghats
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Western Ghats (1)
-
-
Gujarat India
-
Mount Girnar (1)
-
Saurashtra (1)
-
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Karnataka India (2)
-
Maharashtra India
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Mumbai India (1)
-
-
Narmada Valley (1)
-
Narmada-Son Lineament (1)
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
Singhbhum shear zone (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
-
Coimbatore India
-
Sivamalai (2)
-
-
-
-
Indian Shield (3)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
North-West Frontier Pakistan
-
Hazara Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Igarka Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Lena River (1)
-
Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
-
Iran (4)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Sayan (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (5)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Yakutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Fundy (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Lanzarote (1)
-
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
South Georgia (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (1)
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Australasia
-
Australia (1)
-
-
bentonite deposits (1)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
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Amisk Lake (1)
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (1)
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Gander Zone (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (7)
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Nova Scotia
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Antigonish County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
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Cobequid Highlands (2)
-
Minas Basin (2)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (1)
-
-
Newfoundland
-
New World Island (1)
-
Notre Dame Bay (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Mamainse Point (1)
-
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Coldwell Complex (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Chibougamau Quebec (1)
-
-
Gaspe Peninsula (2)
-
Magdalen Islands (1)
-
Monteregian Hills (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (2)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (2)
-
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Labrador Trough (1)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island (1)
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Kaminak Lake (2)
-
-
Ungava (1)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Coppermine River (1)
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Manitoba
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Lynn Lake Manitoba (2)
-
-
Northwest Territories (3)
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Saskatchewan (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon (1)
-
Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Cuba (1)
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Hispaniola
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Dominican Republic (1)
-
-
Jamaica (1)
-
-
Lesser Antilles
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Martinique (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Panama (2)
-
-
clay mineralogy (2)
-
continental drift (3)
-
crust (45)
-
crystal chemistry (4)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 64 (1)
-
Leg 65 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (5)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Galapagos Islands (2)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (3)
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Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
economic geology (5)
-
Europe
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Central Europe
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Bohemian Massif (1)
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Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
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Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Iberian Massif (1)
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Iberian pyrite belt (1)
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Portugal (1)
-
Spain
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Galicia Spain
-
Cabo Ortegal Complex (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (3)
-
Sicily Italy
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Mount Etna (1)
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Pantelleria (1)
-
-
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Variscides (1)
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Western Europe
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Ardennes (1)
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Belgium
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Brabant Massif (1)
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France
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Aquitaine Basin (1)
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Armorican Massif (2)
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Brittany (1)
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Cotes-d'Armor France (1)
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Esterel (1)
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Finistere France (1)
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Gers France (1)
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Ille-et-Vilaine France (1)
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Landes France (2)
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-
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Iceland (1)
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Ireland
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Kerry Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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Finland (2)
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Norway
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Finnmark Norway (1)
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Sweden
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Skellefte mining district (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Cornwall England (1)
-
-
Scotland
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Argyllshire Scotland
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Mull Island (1)
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Midlothian Scotland (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (1)
-
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Shetland Islands (1)
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-
Wales
-
Pembrokeshire Wales (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland
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Antrim Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (18)
-
folds (3)
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fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (135)
-
geochronology (7)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (2)
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heat flow (3)
-
hydrogen (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (2)
-
kimberlite (2)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (6)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
olivine diabase (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (6)
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (4)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (3)
-
charnockite (2)
-
felsite (2)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
rapakivi (3)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (3)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (4)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (3)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (9)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (22)
-
ocean-island basalts (7)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiite (5)
-
tholeiitic basalt (7)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (8)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (4)
-
latite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (3)
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
inclusions (4)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (1)
-
Carlsberg Ridge (1)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
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Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
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Seychelles (1)
-
-
intrusions (83)
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
tholeiitic composition
Multiple mantle metasomatism recorded by Triassic post-collisional ultrapotassic and tholeiitic magmatism in West Qinling, NW China Available to Purchase
Submarine volcanism along shallow ridges did not drive Cryogenian cap carbonate formation: COMMENT Open Access
Origin of the Site U1504 alkaline basalts in the South China Sea continental margin: Insights on deep mantle diversity and subduction dynamics under continental arcs Available to Purchase
Slow changes in lava chemistry at Kama‘ehuakanaloa linked to sluggish mantle upwelling on the margin of the Hawaiian plume Open Access
Final Amalgamation Processes of the Southern Altaids: Insights from the Triassic Houhongquan Ophiolitic Mélange in the Beishan Orogen (NW China) Open Access
Petrologic constraints on the origin of Proterozoic ferroan granites of the Laurentian margin Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Ferroan granite is a characteristic rock type of the Laurentian margin. It is commonly associated with anorthosite and related rocks. Ferroan granites are strongly enriched in iron, are alkalic to alkali-calcic, and are generally metaluminous. These geochemical characteristics reflect their tholeiitic parental magma source and relatively reducing and anhydrous conditions of crystallization. Their compositions distinguish them from arc magmas, which are magnesian and calcic to calc-alkalic. Ferroan granite magmas are hot, which promotes partial melting of their crustal wall rocks. Assimilation of these silica-rich and peraluminous melts drives the resulting magmas to higher silica and aluminum saturation values. Where Proterozoic ferroan granites intrude Archean crust, their mantle component is readily identified isotopically, but this is more difficult where they intrude relatively juvenile crust. Ferroan granite forms in tectonic environments that allow partial melts of tholeiitic mantle to pond and differentiate at or near the base of the crust. Phanerozoic examples occur in plume settings, such as the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone, or under certain conditions involving slab rollback, such as those that formed the Cenozoic topaz rhyolites of the western United States or ferroan rhyolites of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is possible that the long-lived supercontinent Nuna-Rodinia, of which Laurentia was a part, formed an insulating lid that raised underlying mantle temperatures and created a unique environment that enabled emplacement of large volumes of mafic melt at the base of the crust. Ascent of felsic differentiates accompanied by variable crustal assimilation may have created large volumes of Proterozoic ferroan granite and related rocks.
Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Qieganbulake carbonatite-related phosphate deposit associated with the mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complex in the Kuluketage block, northeastern Tarim Craton Available to Purchase
Genesis of meta-gabbroic crustal xenoliths found in Neogene/Quaternary alkali olivine basalt, northeastern Iran Available to Purchase
Neoproterozoic Metabasalts of the Tyya Complex of the Olokit Rift Trough (Baikal–Muya Belt): Composition, U–Pb Age, Isotope-Geochemical Characteristics, and Geodynamic Effects Available to Purchase
Thermodynamics of Multi-component Gas–Melt Equilibrium in Magmas: Theory, Models, and Applications Available to Purchase
Rifting of the Indian passive continental margin: Insights from the Langjiexue basalts in the central Tethyan Himalaya, southern Tibet Available to Purchase
What drives Fe depletion in calc-alkaline magma differentiation: Insights from Fe isotopes Available to Purchase
Origin and evolution of the Grenvillian Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: Hf isotopic and U-Pb geochronologic constraints Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Oaxacan Complex is the largest outcrop of Grenville-age rocks in Mexico, constituting the main crustal fragment in the backbone of Oaxaquia. It is mainly composed of scarce metasediments, intruded by arc, alkalic, and tholeiitic magmas (ca. 1.3 to ca. 1.01 Ga) and later affected (ca. 0.99 Ga) by granulite-facies metamorphism. A detailed study, combining U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, with in situ Hf isotopes in zircon grains, allowed comparison of the age and isotopic patterns of the Oaxacan Complex granulite rocks with those from other similar outcrops in Mexico (Huiznopala and Novillo Gneisses, Guichicovi Complex) and with the neighboring orogens such as the Grenville Province of the eastern United States and Canada, the Sveconorwegian orogen of SW Baltica, and some of the localities in which Mesoproterozoic rocks border the Amazonian craton of South America (Colombia, Peru, Brazil). Detrital zircon ages show that most metasedimentary rocks are younger than 1.4 Ga (only three samples contained zircon grains between 1.6 and 1.4 Ga), whereas U-Pb dating of igneous rocks (1245–1161 Ma) confirmed previous findings. Hf isotopes of dated zircon grains show that few crystals have negative ε Hf(t) values, indicating a recycling component from an older crust, but most of them are moderately primitive, with ε Hf(t) values of up to +12, and linear arrays parallel to the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf average crustal evolution model. Those Hf values are indicative of partial assimilation of an older crustal component, with Hf model ages of ca. 1.65–1.50 Ga. Comparison of these data helps to constrain possible Mesoproterozoic conjugate margins of Oaxaquia and propose a paleogeographic model in which Oaxaquia acted as the leading edge of Amazonia, together with the Colombian terranes, and received sedimentary input from different sources such as the southern Sveconorwegian orogen, the U.S.–Canada eastern Grenville Province, and some of the Mesoproterozoic belts bordering the Amazon craton.
Petrogenesis and mode of emplacement of a Neoarchean tonalite–trondhjemite–diorite suite: the Eau Jaune Complex, Abitibi greenstone belt Available to Purchase
Petrology and age of the Lepreau River Dyke, southern New Brunswick, Canada: source of the end-Triassic Fundy Group basalts Available to Purchase
Chapter 2.3 Dronning Maud Land Jurassic volcanism: volcanology and petrology Available to Purchase
Abstract The Jurassic igneous rocks of Dronning Maud Land represent Karoo flood basalt magmatism in Antarctica. Fifty years of research has documented systematic differences between magmas associated with the Karoo rift-zone (Vestfjella and Ahlmannryggen) and the rift-shoulder (Sembberget, Kirwanveggen) settings. The 189–182 Ma rift-zone tholeiites were chemically diverse and mainly formed compound-braided flow fields which record several magnetic polarity reversals. In contrast, the c. 181 Ma rift-shoulder tholeiites were chemically uniform and formed thick tabular sheet lavas within a single normal polarity period. The volcanic architecture records a long initial phase of slow eruptions from shield volcanoes in the initial rift and a brief phase of voluminous fissure eruptions flooding the rift shoulder. All of the major magma types in the rift-zone and rift-shoulder settings belong to a Nb-depleted category of Karoo flood basalts and were mainly derived from depleted convective upper mantle by magmatic differentiation. Pyroxenite-rich mantle components may have been significant sources for the most enriched magma types. Geochemical fingerprints of recycled crustal material imply that the Nb-depleted Karoo tholeiites may have been derived from mildly subduction-modified parts of the same overall upper-mantle reservoir which has been associated with the Ferrar tholeiites.
Chapter 4.1a Antarctic Peninsula: volcanology Available to Purchase
Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula is distinguished by late Neogene volcanic activity related to a series of northerly younging ridge crest–trench collisions and the progressive opening of ‘slab windows’ in the subjacent mantle. The outcrops were amongst the last to be discovered in the region, with many occurrences not visited until the 1970s and 1980s. The volcanism consists of several monogenetic volcanic fields and small isolated centres. It is sodic alkaline to tholeiitic in composition, and ranges in age between 7.7 Ma and present. No eruptions have been observed (with the possible, but dubious, exception of Seal Nunataks in 1893) but very young isotopic ages for some outcrops suggest that future eruptions are a possibility. The eruptions were overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and the outcrops have been a major source of information on glaciovolcano construction. They have also been highly influential in advancing our understanding of the configuration of the Plio-Pleistocene Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet. However, our knowledge is hindered by a paucity of modern, precise isotopic ages. In particular, there is no obvious relationship between the age of ridge crest–trench collisions and the timing of slab-window volcanism, a puzzle that may only be resolved by new dating.