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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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igneous rocks
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framework silicates
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orthosilicates
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sorosilicates
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ring silicates
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clay minerals
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-
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sulfates (1)
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sulfides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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pyrite (1)
-
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (23)
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Africa
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Antarctica
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Arctic region
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Asia
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Far East
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Japan
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Iran
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Atlantic Ocean
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Canada
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tholeiitic basalt
Mineral compositions and thermobarometry of basalts and boninites recovered during IODP Expedition 352 to the Bonin forearc
Low-Sulfide Platinum Group Element Ores of the Norilsk-Talnakh Camp
Simultaneous Middle Pleistocene eruption of three widespread tholeiitic basalts in northern California (USA): Insights into crustal magma transport in an actively extending back arc
Geochemical, Sr–Nd–Pb and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic constraints on the Late Carboniferous back-arc basin basalts from the Chengjisihanshan Formation in West Junggar, NW China
Eocene Basalt of Summit Creek: Slab breakoff magmatism in the central Washington Cascades, USA
Paleoproterozoic high-pressure metamorphic history of the Salma eclogite on the Kola Peninsula, Russia
A review and update of mantle thermobarometry for primitive arc magmas
A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
Chromite chemistry as an indicator of petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Ranomena ultramafic complex in north-eastern Madagascar
Petrology on Mars
Geology of the orogenic Cheminis gold deposit along the Larder Lake – Cadillac deformation zone, Ontario
MINERALOGY OF EGYPTIAN BENTONITIC CLAYS II: GEOLOGIC ORIGIN
Petrology of the Grays River volcanics, southwest Washington: Plume-influenced slab window magmatism in the Cascadia forearc
Picrites in central Hokkaido: Evidence of extremely high temperature magmatism in the Late Jurassic ocean recorded in an accreted oceanic plateau
Large-scale silicate liquid immiscibility during differentiation of tholeiitic basalt to granite and the origin of the Daly gap
THE LATE-STAGE CRYSTALLIZATION HISTORY OF THE JURASSIC NORTH MOUNTAIN BASALT, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA. II. NATURE AND ORIGIN OF SEGREGATION PIPES
Geochemical evidence for exhumation of eclogite via serpentinite channels in ocean-continent subduction zones
Insight into subvolcanic magma plumbing systems
Depleted mantle wedge and sediment fingerprint in unusual basalts from the Manihiki Plateau, central Pacific Ocean
Evaluation of different models for the origin of the Siberian Traps
Various types of evidence, including the size and volume of the Siberian Traps, the timing and duration of eruptions, paleotectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions, lithospheric structure, heatflow, and the trace-element and radiogenic isotope compositions of lava, are reviewed in this chapter. The major evidence may be summarized as follows. The Siberian Traps erupted in a number of brief volcanic events from the Late Permian until the end of the Middle Triassic. They occupied a vast region (∼7 × 10 6 km 2 ) in a back-arc tectonic setting. The overall volume of erupted rocks was as much as ∼4 × 10 6 km 3 , with most of the volume erupted within the Tunguska syncline. This syncline experienced long-term subsidence before initiation of the volcanism, and the region is now underlain by a relatively thin lithosphere, which is ∼180 km thick. Two types of trace-element patterns are observed in the Siberian Traps: subordinate high-Ti ocean island basalt–like patterns and dominant low-Ti island arc basalt–like patterns. In radiogenic isotope and trace-element coordinates, mixing trends between these two types of magma are absent, or at least not evident. Some volcanic rocks contain primary magmatic mica. These are considered in light of different models. Each model can explain, or was thought to explain, particular observations. However, some evidence can be fatal for some models. For example, the enormous size and volume of the Siberian Traps cannot be explained in the framework of impact and edge-driven convection models and are problematic for lithospheric delamination models. Plume models face problems in explaining the uplift and subsidence pattern and the absence of mixing curves between expected high-Ti primary plume melts and contaminated low-Ti melts. Therefore, a model that relates Siberian Trap magmatism and subduction is suggested. In this model, subducting slabs brought significant amounts of water into the mantle transition zone. Consequent release of water from the transition zone lowered the solidus of the upper mantle, leading to voluminous melting. Major supporting observations for this model include (1) the tectonic position of the Siberian Traps in a back-arc setting of Permian subduction systems, (2) island arc basalt–like trace-element patterns for the majority of the erupted basalts, (3) primary mica found in volcanic rocks, and (4) experimental data on the high water capacity of the mantle transition zone and its recharging via the subduction process.