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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (2)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Tanzania (2)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahnet (1)
-
Mouydir (1)
-
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
-
Sahara (1)
-
Sahel (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa (2)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (1)
-
Cameroon
-
Lake Nyos (1)
-
-
Mali (1)
-
-
-
Altiplano (2)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (2)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (2)
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land (3)
-
Queen Maud Land (2)
-
Ross Island (1)
-
South Pole (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains
-
Dufek Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Vestfold Hills (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
Wilkes Land
-
Adelie Coast (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Baikal region (1)
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Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Far East
-
Cambodia (1)
-
China
-
Hebei China (1)
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Inner Mongolia China (2)
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Liaoning China
-
Liaodong Peninsula (1)
-
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North China Platform (1)
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Tambora (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
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Asama (1)
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Kii Peninsula (1)
-
-
Honshu Arc (1)
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Shikoku (1)
-
Shimanto Belt (1)
-
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Laos (1)
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Tambora (1)
-
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Mongolia (1)
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Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (2)
-
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Dead Sea Rift (2)
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Sea of Galilee (2)
-
-
Turkey (1)
-
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Turkmenia (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation
-
Salym Field (1)
-
-
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (5)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
North Sea (2)
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Iberian abyssal plain (1)
-
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Rio Grande Rise (1)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Ascension Island (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Arunta Block (1)
-
Eromanga Basin (1)
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Northern Territory Australia (1)
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Queensland Australia (1)
-
South Australia
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Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Avalon Zone (1)
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Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin (1)
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Cambay Basin (1)
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Cameroon Line (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick
-
Gloucester County New Brunswick
-
Bathurst mining district (1)
-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Alberta Basin (1)
-
Edmonton Alberta (1)
-
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories
-
Pine Point mining district (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (4)
-
-
-
Caribbean region (1)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (2)
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
Central Graben (1)
-
Chicxulub Crater (1)
-
Clear Lake (1)
-
Coast Mountains (1)
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus
-
Greater Caucasus (1)
-
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (2)
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation
-
Salym Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Turkmenia (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Cooper Basin (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Eurasia (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Austrian Alps (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Greater Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Central Austrian Alps (1)
-
Tyrol Austria (1)
-
-
Czech Republic
-
Moravia
-
Ostrava-Karvina (1)
-
-
-
Upper Rhine Graben (1)
-
-
Danube Delta (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (1)
-
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Stromboli (2)
-
Vulcano (1)
-
-
Mount Etna (7)
-
Palermo Italy (1)
-
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Larderello (1)
-
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alsace (1)
-
Bas-Rhin France
-
Soultz-sous-Forets France (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Loire-Atlantique France (1)
-
Paris Basin (3)
-
Provence (1)
-
Vosges France (1)
-
-
Iceland
-
Eyjafjallajokull (2)
-
Grimsvotn (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Lancashire England (1)
-
Nottinghamshire England (1)
-
Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Welsh Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Front Range (1)
-
Green Lake (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico Basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (2)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Heard Island (1)
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (1)
-
-
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
Jordan Valley (1)
-
Kerguelen Plateau (1)
-
Mackenzie River valley (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (1)
-
Ionian Sea (1)
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
La Popa Basin (1)
-
Popocatepetl (1)
-
-
Mount Erebus (1)
-
Newfoundland Basin (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Flin Flon Belt (1)
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
North American Craton (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Williston Basin (2)
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
Tonga
-
Tofua (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (2)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (2)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Nankai Trough (3)
-
Philippine Sea
-
West Philippine Basin (1)
-
-
South China Sea
-
Gulf of Thailand (1)
-
Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Nankai Trough (3)
-
Philippine Sea
-
West Philippine Basin (1)
-
-
South China Sea
-
Gulf of Thailand (1)
-
Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
Ontong Java Plateau (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (2)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region (1)
-
Puna (2)
-
Rome Trough (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
Borborema Province (1)
-
Brazilian Shield (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile
-
Lascar (1)
-
-
-
Ecuador
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Prydz Bay (1)
-
Weddell Sea (1)
-
-
Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (1)
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Alaska (1)
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Arizona
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Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
-
Arkansas (1)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
-
Northern California (2)
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Cajon Pass (1)
-
-
San Gabriel Fault (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
The Geysers (1)
-
-
Chesapeake Bay (1)
-
Colorado
-
Boulder County Colorado (1)
-
Wattenberg Field (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (2)
-
Delaware
-
Sussex County Delaware
-
Bethany Beach Delaware (1)
-
-
-
Delmarva Peninsula (1)
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Southeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Louisiana (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Michigan (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Minnesota (1)
-
Missouri
-
Viburnum Trend (2)
-
-
Montana (1)
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
-
New England (1)
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Bernalillo County New Mexico
-
Albuquerque New Mexico (1)
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-
Jemez Lineament (1)
-
-
North Dakota (2)
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Ohio (1)
-
Ozark Mountains (1)
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Texas (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
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Oquirrh Mountains (1)
-
-
Vermont (1)
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Virginia
-
Northampton County Virginia (1)
-
-
Washington (1)
-
West Virginia (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wyoming
-
Lost Soldier Field (1)
-
-
-
USSR (1)
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (1)
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bitumens (2)
-
brines (9)
-
coal deposits (2)
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geothermal energy (9)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (3)
-
gold ores (7)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
manganese ores (1)
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mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (4)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (9)
-
mineral exploration (4)
-
oil and gas fields (9)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (15)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
manganese (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon (1)
-
radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
-
fossils
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (2)
-
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (2)
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
fission-track dating (3)
-
K/Ar (4)
-
paleomagnetism (3)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
Th/U (3)
-
thermochronology (3)
-
U/Pb (5)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene (3)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Santa Margarita Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (5)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
-
Oligocene (3)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Vaqueros Formation (1)
-
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Graneros Shale (1)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
Missisauga Formation (1)
-
Moosebar Formation (1)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
Skull Creek Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Wyandot Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Nordegg Member (1)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
Nicoya Complex (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (3)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Winnipegosis Formation (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician (3)
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian (1)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (3)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
Tirrawarra Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (2)
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic (2)
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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orthosilicates
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zircon group
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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illite (5)
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sulfates
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Primary terms
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absolute age (14)
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Africa
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carbon
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Vaqueros Formation (1)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Leg 58
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DSDP Site 446 (1)
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Leg 59
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Leg 31
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deformation (11)
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Western Europe
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Highland region Scotland
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faults (33)
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volcanic rocks
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alkali basalts (1)
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ocean-island basalts (2)
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komatiite (1)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (11)
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Indian Ocean
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Red Sea
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Graneros Shale (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Moosebar Formation (1)
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Mowry Shale (1)
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Muddy Sandstone (1)
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Skull Creek Shale (1)
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-
Upper Cretaceous
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K-T boundary (1)
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Turonian (1)
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Wyandot Formation (1)
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-
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Franciscan Complex (3)
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Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
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Bazhenov Formation (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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Nordegg Member (1)
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Mic Mac Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Nicoya Complex (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Middle Triassic
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Doig Formation (1)
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Montney Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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metal ores
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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manganese (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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titanium (1)
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Mexico
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
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ocean basins (2)
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Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 103
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ODP Site 640 (1)
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Leg 138
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ODP Site 846 (1)
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Leg 149 (1)
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Leg 164
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ODP Site 994 (1)
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ODP Site 995 (1)
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ODP Site 997 (1)
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-
Leg 173 (1)
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Leg 190
-
ODP Site 1174 (1)
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Leg 195
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ODP Site 1201 (1)
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Leg 201
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ODP Site 1226 (1)
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ODP Site 1173 (1)
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ODP Site 808 (1)
-
-
ocean floors (6)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
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-
-
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Tonga
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Tofua (1)
-
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (9)
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orogeny (7)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (12)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (2)
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Equatorial Pacific (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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-
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South Pacific
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Kermadec Trench (1)
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Tasman Sea (2)
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-
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West Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
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Philippine Sea
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South China Sea
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Ontong Java Plateau (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Pacific region (1)
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paleoclimatology (4)
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paleogeography (5)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Bonneterre Formation (3)
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Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Lodgepole Formation (1)
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-
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
-
Devonian
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Winnipegosis Formation (2)
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-
Upper Devonian
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Famennian
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Wabamun Group (1)
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Frasnian (1)
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Huron Member (1)
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Nisku Formation (1)
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Ohio Shale (1)
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West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician (3)
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Permian
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Ecca Group (1)
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Park City Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
Whitehill Formation (1)
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-
Sauk Sequence (1)
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Silurian (1)
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Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
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Bakken Formation (3)
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Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
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Tirrawarra Sandstone (1)
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palynomorphs (1)
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Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Kisseynew Complex (1)
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (2)
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reclamation (1)
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ooze (1)
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marine sediments (3)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
thermal anomalies
Surface-derived fluid percolation along detachment systems enhanced by syn-kinematic granites: uranium mineralization as an application Open Access
Mississippian olistostromes of Iberia revisited: tectonic drivers of synorogenic carbonate platform/reef destruction Available to Purchase
Icy thermometers: Quantifying the impact of volcanic heat on glacier elevation Open Access
Introduction to this special section: Seismic resolution Available to Purchase
Global volcano monitoring through the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) system Available to Purchase
Geodynamic generation of a Paleocene–Eocene landscape buried beneath North Bressay, North Sea Open Access
Raman thermometry and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry reveal Neogene transpressional exhumation in the Nacimiento block of central California, USA Available to Purchase
Geothermal Mechanism and Reservoir Characterization with Multiscale Analysis of the Potential Field and MT Profile in the Yanqing-Huailai Basin, North China Open Access
Thermal conductivity of single-crystal brucite at high pressures: Implications for thermal anomaly in the shallow lower mantle Available to Purchase
Meighen Ice Cap: changes in geometry, mass, and climatic response since 1959 Available to Purchase
Ultrahigh-temperature granites and a curious thermal eye in the post-collisional South Bohemian batholith of the Variscan orogenic belt (Europe) Open Access
Shale gas leakage in lower Ecca shales during contact metamorphism by dolerite sill intrusions in the Karoo Basin, South Africa Available to Purchase
Chapter 1.1 Tectonic history of Antarctica over the past 200 million years Available to Purchase
Abstract The tectonic evolution of Antarctica in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was marked by igneous activity that formed as a result of simultaneous continental rifting and subduction processes acting during the final stages of the southward drift of Gondwana towards the South Pole. For the most part, continental rifting resulted in the progressive disintegration of the Gondwana supercontinent from Middle Jurassic times to the final isolation of Antarctica at the South Pole following the Cenozoic opening of the surrounding ocean basins, and the separation of Antarctica from South America and Australia. The initial rifting into East and West Gondwana was proceeded by emplacement of large igneous provinces preserved in present-day South America, Africa and Antarctica. Continued rifting within Antarctica did not lead to continental separation but to the development of the West Antarctic Rift System, dividing the continent into the East and West Antarctic plates, and uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. Motion between East and West Antarctica has been accommodated by a series of discrete rifting pulses with a westward shift and concentration of the motion throughout the Cenozoic leading to crustal thinning, subsidence, elevated heat flow conditions and rift-related magmatic activity. Contemporaneous with the disintegration of Gondwana and the isolation of Antarctica, subduction processes were active along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Antarctica recorded by magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes, and forearc and back-arc basin sequences. A low in magmatic activity between 156 and 142 Ma suggests that subduction may have ceased during this time. Today, following the gradual cessation of the Antarctic rifting and surrounding subduction, the Antarctic continent is situated close to the centre of a large Antarctic Plate which, with the exception of an active margin on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, is surrounded by active spreading ridges.
Chapter 5.4b Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land: petrology Available to Purchase
Abstract In Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land 19 large polygenetic volcanoes and numerous smaller centres are exposed above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet along the northern flank of the West Antarctic Rift System. The Cenozoic (36.7 Ma to active) volcanism of the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Group (MBLVG) encompasses the full spectrum of alkaline series compositions ranging from basalt to intermediate (e.g. mugearite, benmoreite) to phonolite, peralkaline trachyte, rhyolite and rare pantellerite. Differentiation from basalt is described by progressive fractional crystallization; however, to produce silica-oversaturated compositions two mechanisms are proposed: (1) polybaric fractionation with early-stage removal of amphibole at high pressures; and (2) assimilation–fractional crystallization to explain elevated 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i ratios. Most basalts are silica-undersaturated and enriched in incompatible trace elements (e.g. La/Yb N >10), indicating small degrees of partial melting of a garnet-bearing mantle. Mildly silica-undersaturated and rare silica-saturated basalts, including tholeiites, are less enriched (La/Yb N <10), a result of higher degrees of melting. Trace elements and isotopes (Sr, Nd, Pb) reveal a regional gradient explained by mixing between two mantle components, subduction-modified lithosphere and HIMU-like plume ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb >20) materials. Geophysical studies indicate a deep thermal anomaly beneath central Marie Byrd Land, suggesting a plume influence on volcanism and tectonism.
Chapter 7.5 Active subglacial volcanism in West Antarctica Available to Purchase
Abstract A combination of aerogeophysics, seismic observations and direct observation from ice cores, and subglacial sampling, has revealed at least 21 sites under the West Antarctic Ice Sheet consistent with active volcanism (where active is defined as volcanism that has interacted with the current manifestation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet). Coverage of these datasets is heterogeneous, potentially biasing the apparent distribution of these features. Also, the products of volcanic activity under thinner ice characterized by relatively fast flow are more prone to erosion and removal by the ice sheet, and therefore potentially under-represented. Unsurprisingly, the sites of active subglacial volcanism that we have identified often overlap with areas of relatively thick ice and slow ice surface flow, both of which are critical conditions for the preservation of volcanic records. Overall, we find the majority of active subglacial volcanic sites in West Antarctica concentrate strongly along the crustal-thickness gradients bounding the central West Antarctic Rift System, complemented by intra-rift sites associated with the Amundsen Sea–Siple Coast lithospheric transition.