... near that of fluoridated human teeth. The first F substituent in hydroxylapatite, near fluoridated dental enamel compositions, is dramatically underbonded by the surrounding Ca2 atoms (0.72 v.u.) in a hydroxylapatite matrix. However, the hydroxyl hydrogen can contribute 0.20 or 0.10 v.u. in hydrogen...

...Toshihiro Yamada ABSTRACT It is well known that fossils of shark’s teeth were named as ‘tongue stones’ ( glossopetrae in Latin) because of their similarity in shape to the tongues of animals. However, Nicolaus Steno (1638–1686) decidedly revised this kind of explanation in the latter half...

... deposits and thus carry a legacy from those initial depositional conditions, before becoming subject to subaerial conditions. A total of 13 bone fragments was analyzed, predominately specimens of the whales Basilosaurus isis and Dorudon atrox along with shark teeth and sirenian (sea cow) bones...

... high from the Oligocene onward. Subsequent tests in extant carnivorans reveal taxa with more bladelike teeth are prevalent in more open environments. Our results reveal an unexpected functional shift among North American predators in response to large-scale environmental changes across the Cenozoic...

... ), after receiving reports of large buried bones near Canstadt, funded six months of excavation to recover over “ sixty ivory tusks, that is the characteristic remains of more than thirty elephants, some of which were ten feet in length ”. Additionally, numerous teeth and bones of “ other large quadrupeds...

...Wei Shu; Christophe Colin; Zhifei Liu; Arnaud Dapoigny Abstract A long-term neodymium isotope (ε Nd ) record of fossil fish teeth was investigated to constrain the evolution of deep-water circulation in the abyssal South China Sea (SCS) during the late Oligocene–Miocene (27–10 Ma). Fish teeth...

... of sampling. We could not include mastodons ( Mammut sp . ), in our study, due to sampling access. Mastodons are worth mentioning as two reported teeth exist on Vancouver Island ( Harington 1975 ; Keddie 2016 b ), and they are often discussed alongside mammoths given their ordinal relationship...

... the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. Complex enamel ridges have evolved multiple times on the teeth of unrelated...

... America, including the four widespread and two endemic species. All of these Hh4 equid species were hypsodont ( Fig. 3 ), that is, having high-crowned teeth with relatively flat occlusal surfaces adapted for crushing and grinding more abrasive vegetation such as grasses. These equids display...

... of these two elements coincides with Desmanella , their position along the dental row cannot be fully confirmed. Nevertheless, a clear similarity is found with the deciduous teeth attributed to D. engesseri by Klietmann et al. ( 2015 ). Finds of milk teeth attributed to Desmanella are exceedingly rare...

... of isolated teeth and fragmentary jaws. Fortunately, the p4 of multituberculates is the most common form of remains for this group and is a principal source of diagnostic characters in systematic studies, the p4 of cimolodontan multituberculates is both common and a source of diagnostic characters...

... is confined to meadow biotopes in southeastern West Siberia, part of the Altai Mountains, and northeastern Kazakhstan (Galkina et al., 1969 ; Galkina and Nadeev, 1980 ; Makhmutov, 1983 ). The molars of modern species of the zokor subfamily can be characterized as euhypsodont (continuously growing teeth...

.... This involved powdering of previously analyzed teeth to perform comparisons of pretreated versus untreated samples, with parallel comparisons to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of each sample, following the approach of Webb et al. ( 2014 ). Stable carbon isotope compositions, crystallinity...

... De Bruijn et al., 2006 . See Van den Hoek Ostende ( 2001 , p. 686). * Corresponding author. The material described here comprises 264 isolated teeth of Erinaceidae and 110 isolated teeth of Dimylidae. For Erinaceidae, we mostly follow the measurement methods of Prieto and Rummel...

... in a gray mudstone that is mantled by a mollusk-dominated coquina that bears conodonts, palaeoniscoid scales, and actinopterygian teeth. In contrast, most studied samples are dominated by wood fragments, charcoal, cuticles, and unidentified phytoclasts—all interpreted to represent dispersed plant cuticle...

... (Marković et al., 2020 , p. 833): “The m3 and m2 are about equally long. The m1 is rounded anteriorly. Anteroconid blade-shaped with a small cusp. The posterior arm of the protoconid of the lower cheek teeth is usually long and may connect with the metaconid. The m1 and/or m2 of the Oligocene...

... fish teeth. This shallower gradient implies that the latitudinal limits of the climate zones were shifted poleward in comparison with present-day zones, and according to Zhang et al. ( 2019 ), both of the sites analyzed in our study were located in the temperate climate zone. The paleolatitudes were...

... of Phenacolemur in retaining an ectocingulid on the molar trigonids. Diastema between the enlarged lower incisor and the cheek teeth absent, in contrast to Phenacolemur , Arcius , Acidomomys , and later-occurring species of Ignacius . C/c = upper/lower canine; I/I = upper/lower incisor; L...