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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Mammalia
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Reptilia
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fungi (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
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Invertebrata
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Mandibulata
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Ostracoda (2)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Spiriferida
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Strophomenida
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Strophomena (1)
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Cnidaria
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Cephalopoda
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Monoplacophora (1)
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Porifera (1)
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Plantae
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thallophytes (2)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Natih Formation (1)
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Carmel Formation (1)
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Navajo Sandstone (2)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Devonian
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Platteville Formation (1)
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Saint Peter Sandstone (2)
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Upper Ordovician
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Maysvillian (1)
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Juniata Formation (1)
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Red River Formation (1)
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Peel Sound Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Telychian (1)
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Wenlock (1)
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Upper Silurian
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upper Paleozoic (4)
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Weber Sandstone (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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granophyre (1)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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granites (2)
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volcanic rocks
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pyroclastics
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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palygorskite (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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-
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Primary terms
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Africa
-
Southern Africa
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South Africa (2)
-
-
West Africa
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Sierra Leone (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
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East Antarctica (1)
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Queen Maud Land
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Schirmacher Hills (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
Allan Hills (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
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West Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Indonesia
-
Java
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Galunggung (1)
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-
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Honshu (1)
-
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Thailand (1)
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-
Indian Peninsula
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India
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Karnataka India
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Mangalore India (1)
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Kerala India (1)
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Orissa India (1)
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Tamil Nadu India (1)
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-
-
Middle East
-
Israel
-
Makhtesh Ramon (1)
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Negev (1)
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-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Bay of Fundy (2)
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Labrador Sea
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Labrador Shelf (1)
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North Sea (1)
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
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-
-
atmosphere (1)
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Australasia
-
Australia
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Queensland Australia (1)
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New Zealand (2)
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biogeography (3)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Cobequid Bay (1)
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Minas Basin (1)
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-
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador (3)
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Newfoundland (4)
-
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Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Anticosti Island (1)
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Nunavut
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Somerset Island (1)
-
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Western Canada
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Manitoba (1)
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Northwest Territories
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Mackenzie Delta (1)
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Yellowknife Northwest Territories (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (7)
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan (2)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene (3)
-
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha
-
Heterostraci (1)
-
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves
-
Neornithes (1)
-
-
Mammalia
-
Multituberculata (1)
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata
-
Lacertilia
-
Mosasauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (5)
-
construction materials
-
crushed stone (1)
-
-
continental drift (1)
-
continental shelf (2)
-
crystal chemistry (2)
-
crystal growth (3)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (3)
-
diagenesis (10)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
electron microscopy (4)
-
Europe
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Castile Spain
-
New Castile Spain (1)
-
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Ciudad Real Spain (1)
-
-
Catalonia Spain
-
Lleida Spain (1)
-
-
Madrid Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Bas-Rhin France
-
Soultz-sous-Forets France (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Sweden
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Gotland Sweden (2)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
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England
-
Gloucestershire England (1)
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-
-
Scotland
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Hebrides
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (2)
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folds (1)
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fractures (3)
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fungi (1)
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geochemistry (7)
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geomorphology (3)
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geophysical methods (1)
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glacial geology (13)
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government agencies (1)
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heat flow (1)
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hydrology (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
-
igneous rocks
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granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
Red Sea (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Maldive Islands (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (2)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Pentamerida (1)
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Spiriferida
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Atrypidae (1)
-
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Strophomenida
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Strophomena (1)
-
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
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Rudistae (1)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (1)
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-
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Monoplacophora (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
lava (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Natih Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blufftown Formation (1)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Fox Hills Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Mooreville Chalk (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (2)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
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Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
-
metals
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aluminum (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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mylonites (1)
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quartzites (3)
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schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
surface textures
Illuminating geology in areas of limited exposure using texture shading of lidar digital terrain models
ABSTRACT Most differences in the gross surface morphologies, tectonic styles, overall geologic histories, and atmospheres of the rocky bodies in the solar system can be explained by contributions and dissipation of gravitational and radiogenic energy over geologic time. These two energy sources are large and measurable and can be extrapolated back in time. Accretion was likely cold, and directly converted gravitational potential energy into axial spin, a prominent feature of planets that is otherwise unexplained. Impact heating was mostly limited to planetary surfaces in the final stages of accretion. Frictional dissipation of spin contributed sufficient energy to ignite the primordial Sun and heated Earth and Venus by nearly as much as has the radioactive decay of K, U, and Th over geologic time. Energy inputs have been continuously offset by loss of heat to the surroundings. The magnitudes of most important energy contributions depend on the planet radius R and also on the distance r to the Sun. Quantitative, albeit approximate, relationships show that the net specific energy (kJ/kg) contributed to the rocky bodies over geologic time goes as: Earth ~ Venus >> Mars ~ Mercury ~ Moon >> asteroids. Net energy inputs increased the average internal temperatures of Earth and Venus by ~3000 K but heated asteroids by only a few hundred kelvins.
Surface structure of organoclays as examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations
EFFECT OF INTERCALATION METHOD AND INTERCALATING AGENT TYPE ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILANE-GRAFTED MONTMORILLONITE
Quantifying the effects of terrestrial laser scanner settings and survey configuration on land surface roughness measurement
RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION FOR ACTIVATION OF BENTONITE USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
NASA volcanology field workshops on Hawai‘i: Part 2. Understanding lava flow morphology and flow field emplacement
The Big Island of Hawai‘i presents ample opportunities for young planetary volcanologists to gain firsthand field experience in the analysis of analogs to landforms seen on Mercury, Venus, the Moon, Mars, and Io. In this contribution, we focus on a subset of the specific features that are included in the planetary volcanology field workshops described in the previous chapter in this volume. In particular, we discuss how remote-sensing data and field localities in Hawai‘i can help a planetary geologist to gain expertise in the analysis of lava flows and lava flow fields, to understand the best sensor for a specific application, to recognize the ways in which different data sets can be used synergistically for remote interpretations of lava flows, and to gain a deeper appreciation for the spatial scale of features that might be imaged in the planetary context.