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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
submarine installations
Nonseismic Short‐Duration Events Offshore Cascadia: Characteristics and Potential Origin Available to Purchase
Calibration of the Strain Amplitude Recorded with DAS Using a Strainmeter Array Available to Purchase
Leveraging Submarine DAS Arrays for Offshore Earthquake Early Warning: A Case Study in Monterey Bay, California Available to Purchase
Ocean Space Surveillance and Real‐Time Event Characterization Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing on Submarine Networks Available to Purchase
Imaging Underwater Faults and Tracking Whales with Optical Fiber Sensing Available to Purchase
First Installation of an Optical Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer, Cabled Offshore Les Saintes, Lesser Antilles Available to Purchase
A Case Study of Completely Buried Wind-Power Cable Detection Using 3D Acoustic Imaging Available to Purchase
Damping Modification Factors for Horizontal and Vertical Acceleration Spectra from Offshore Ground Motions in the Japan Sagami Bay Region Available to Purchase
Noise Levels and Signals Observed on Submarine Fibers in the Canary Islands Using DAS Available to Purchase
Freezing occlusion for inrush damage of a water conveyance tunnel under the Yangtze River: a case study in China Available to Purchase
Merganser Field: managing subsurface uncertainty during the development of a salt diapir field in the UK Central North Sea Available to Purchase
Abstract The Merganser Field is located in the East Central Graben of the UK Central North Sea, and consists of a gas/condensate column trapped in a structural attic on the flanks of a fully penetrating salt diapir. A large salt overhang obscures the field and structural definition is challenging owing to poor seismic imaging. Exploration drilling established a column of 1327 ft in Paleocene-aged deep-marine deposits of the Forties, Andrew and Maureen Sandstone members, and revealed significant geological complexity. Depositional styles record the relationship between salt tectonics and sedimentation, with variable reservoir distribution influenced by halo-kinetically induced palaeorelief and accommodation space. Re-mobilization of sediments is observed at multiple scales, and includes centimetre-scale de-watering structures, decimetre-scale sand injectites and kilometre-scale olistoliths. Whilst the hydrocarbon properties are consistent, contact depths are variable. Pressure data indicate compartmentalization across the field, which is likely to be caused by either radial faulting or hydrodynamic effects. Owing to the magnitude of subsurface uncertainty, the Merganser discovery could not sustain the investment required for standalone facilities. The development of the neighbouring Scoter Field provided the requisite local infrastructure to progress Merganser into production. The Field Development Plan (FDP) estimated recovery of 100 bscf gas and 3 mmstb condensate, and focused on delivering a low-cost development solution consisting of two horizontal wells and a subsea tie-back that would be robust against the downside, yet maintain flexibility to optimize in an upside outcome. Pilot holes were drilled to establish top reservoir with the subsequent horizontal well trajectories being re-designed to reflect structural geometry. The reservoir sections would maximize connectivity between fault compartments and stratigraphic units, and positioning was optimized with well-site biostratigraphy. Each reservoir section exceeds 4000 ft and maintains at least 1000 ft vertical stand-off from the gas/water contact. The facilities include a 5 km subsea tie back to the Scoter production manifold, with metering at the Merganser manifold for allocation purposes. Gas and condensate are commingled with Scoter, and transported 11 km to Shearwater for processing. The gas is transported onshore through the Shearwater Elgin Area Line and condensate through the Forties Pipeline System to Kinneil. Field performance to date has exceeded the FDP P50 both in terms of daily rate and cumulative production. Early production rates peaked at 100 mmscf/day of gas and 6000 stb/day of condensate and, to end-2014, Merganser has produced 161 bcf of gas and 10 mmstb condensate. This performance is due to a combination of better than expected connectivity, high reservoir k h , lower draw-down afforded by long horizontal wells and compression at the Shearwater platform. Subsurface uncertainties prior to development were considerable and the ‘appraisal through development’ strategy has demonstrated that success is achievable through meticulous planning and scenario analysis.