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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
Nile River (2)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Morocco (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa (1)
-
Zimbabwe (3)
-
-
-
Animas River (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze River (2)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
-
Taiwan (2)
-
-
Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bangladesh (1)
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Nepal (1)
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Lake Baikal (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran (1)
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Israel (1)
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Jordan (1)
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Lebanon (1)
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Syria (1)
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Turkey
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Ankara Turkey (1)
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-
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Siberia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
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-
-
Australasia
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Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
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South Australia
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Lake Eyre (1)
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New Zealand
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Ruapehu (2)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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James Bay Lowlands (1)
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Ontario (1)
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Quebec (1)
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Hudson Bay Lowlands (1)
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Nunavut
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Devon Island (1)
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Ungava (1)
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Western Canada
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Northwest Territories (2)
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Cascade Range (1)
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Channeled Scabland (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Po River (1)
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Western Europe
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France (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands
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Cairngorm Mountains (1)
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Wales
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-
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Fraser River (1)
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Grand Canyon (1)
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Green River (1)
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Hunter Valley (1)
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Mackenzie River (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
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North America
-
Appalachians
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Valley and Ridge Province (2)
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-
Basin and Range Province (2)
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Canadian Shield (1)
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Great Plains (3)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
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Mississippi River basin (1)
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Niagara Escarpment (1)
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-
North Island (2)
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Old Faithful Geyser (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Monterey Canyon (1)
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-
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North Pacific
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Monterey Canyon (1)
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Rio Grande (1)
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Rio Puerco (2)
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South America
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Argentina (2)
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Chile
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Parana River (1)
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Trinity River (1)
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United States
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Amargosa Desert (1)
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Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
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Glen Canyon Dam (1)
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Mohave County Arizona (1)
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Pima County Arizona
-
Tucson Arizona (3)
-
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Tucson Basin (1)
-
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Atlantic Coastal Plain
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-
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Bighorn River (1)
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California
-
Central California (1)
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Fresno County California (1)
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Inyo County California
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Owens Lake (1)
-
-
Los Angeles County California (2)
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Mendocino County California (1)
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Monterey Bay (1)
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Monterey County California (1)
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Orange County California (2)
-
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Santa Ynez Mountains (1)
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Southern California (3)
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Transverse Ranges (1)
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Ventura County California (2)
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Colorado
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El Paso County Colorado (1)
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Florida
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Gila River (1)
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho
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Missouri River (1)
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-
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New Mexico
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Los Alamos National Laboratory (1)
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Pajarito Plateau (1)
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Valencia County New Mexico (1)
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North Dakota
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Oregon (1)
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Carbon County Pennsylvania (1)
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Schuylkill County Pennsylvania (2)
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Tennessee (1)
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Texas
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Brazos River (1)
-
-
Tombigbee River (1)
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Utah
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Canyonlands National Park (1)
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Zion National Park (1)
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Vermont (1)
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Virgin River valley (1)
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Virginia
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Waynesboro Virginia (1)
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Washington
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Cowlitz County Washington (1)
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Cowlitz River (1)
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Lewis County Washington (1)
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Olympic Peninsula (1)
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Skamania County Washington
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Mount Saint Helens (1)
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Toutle River (1)
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West Virginia
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Morgan County West Virginia (1)
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Western U.S. (1)
-
Wyoming
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Big Horn County Wyoming (1)
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Fremont County Wyoming (1)
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Hot Springs County Wyoming (1)
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Park County Wyoming
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Powell Wyoming (1)
-
-
Teton County Wyoming (1)
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Washakie County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
White River (1)
-
-
commodities
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coal deposits (1)
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energy sources (1)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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petroleum (1)
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placers (1)
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water resources (4)
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-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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C-14 (2)
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organic carbon (1)
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halogens
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chlorine
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chloride ion (3)
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-
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (7)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (2)
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U-238/U-234 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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-
metals
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actinides
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uranium
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U-238/U-234 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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calcium (1)
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magnesium (1)
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aluminum (2)
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copper (2)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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lead (1)
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manganese (1)
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nickel (1)
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zinc (1)
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-
oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (2)
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O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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-
-
palynomorphs
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miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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Th/U (1)
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tree rings (1)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (4)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Wisconsinan (1)
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-
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Peach Springs Tuff (1)
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-
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-
-
MIS 2 (1)
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MIS 6 (1)
-
Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Osagian
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Burlington Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (3)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
Nile River (2)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Morocco (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa (1)
-
Zimbabwe (3)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze River (2)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
-
Taiwan (2)
-
-
Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bangladesh (1)
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Nepal (1)
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-
Lake Baikal (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran (1)
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Israel (1)
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Jordan (1)
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Lebanon (1)
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Syria (1)
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Turkey
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Ankara Turkey (1)
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-
-
Siberia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
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Australia
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New South Wales Australia (1)
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South Australia
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Lake Eyre (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
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Ruapehu (2)
-
-
-
Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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James Bay Lowlands (1)
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Ontario (1)
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Quebec (1)
-
-
Hudson Bay Lowlands (1)
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Nunavut
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Devon Island (1)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Devon Island (1)
-
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Ungava (1)
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Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
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Northwest Territories (2)
-
Saskatchewan (3)
-
Saskatchewan River (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
C-14 (2)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Panama (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (1)
-
-
-
climate change (7)
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coal deposits (1)
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conservation (1)
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dams (6)
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data processing (8)
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earthquakes (2)
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ecology (3)
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energy sources (1)
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engineering geology (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Austria
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Tyrol Austria (1)
-
-
-
Jutland (1)
-
Southern Europe
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Croatia (1)
-
Italy
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Emilia-Romagna Italy (1)
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Po River (1)
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Tuscany Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
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France (1)
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Netherlands (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands
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Cairngorm Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Wales
-
South Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (4)
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folds (2)
-
foundations (1)
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fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (6)
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geomorphology (39)
-
geophysical methods (5)
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glacial geology (1)
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ground water (18)
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heat flow (1)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (4)
-
hydrology (69)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
land subsidence (1)
-
land use (3)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
-
aluminum (2)
-
copper (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead (1)
-
manganese (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metasomatism (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Valley and Ridge Province (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (2)
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Great Plains (3)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Mississippi River basin (1)
-
Niagara Escarpment (1)
-
-
ocean floors (1)
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
permafrost (1)
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petroleum (1)
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placers (1)
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pollution (3)
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reclamation (1)
-
remote sensing (10)
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reservoirs (2)
-
rock mechanics (3)
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sea-level changes (2)
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sedimentary petrology (3)
-
sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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tufa (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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sandstone (1)
-
-
coal
-
anthracite (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (1)
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-
graded bedding (2)
-
planar bedding structures
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cross-laminations (1)
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imbrication (2)
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laminations (1)
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soft sediment deformation (1)
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turbidity current structures (1)
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sedimentation (33)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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gravel (3)
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overbank sediments (3)
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sand (4)
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marine sediments (1)
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shorelines (1)
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slope stability (2)
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soils (7)
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South America
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Argentina (2)
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Chile
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Biobio Chile (1)
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Parana River (1)
-
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springs (3)
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sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics
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neotectonics (3)
-
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thermal waters (1)
-
United States
-
Amargosa Desert (1)
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
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Glen Canyon Dam (1)
-
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
Pima County Arizona
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Tucson Arizona (3)
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Tucson Basin (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain
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Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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Bighorn River (1)
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California
-
Central California (1)
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Fresno County California (1)
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Inyo County California
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Owens Lake (1)
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Los Angeles County California (2)
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Mendocino County California (1)
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Monterey Bay (1)
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Monterey County California (1)
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Orange County California (2)
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San Benito County California (1)
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San Diego County California (2)
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Santa Barbara County California (2)
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Santa Clara County California (1)
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Santa Monica Mountains (1)
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Santa Ynez Mountains (1)
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Southern California (3)
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Transverse Ranges (1)
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Ventura County California (2)
-
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Colorado
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El Paso County Colorado (1)
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Las Animas County Colorado (1)
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San Juan County Colorado (1)
-
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Florida
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Hillsborough County Florida (1)
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Gila River (1)
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho
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Snake River plain (1)
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Illinois (1)
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Louisiana (2)
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streamflow
Rivers of the Variscan Foreland: fluvial morphodynamics in the Pennant Formation of South Wales, UK
Water Quality Monitoring of Five Karst Springs within a Pastureland in Southwest Polk County, Missouri
Abstract Carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was studied at springs, lakes and tributaries of the Plitvice Lakes. The Plitvice Lakes are a unique and complex karst lakes system consisting of 16 flow-through lakes connected by waterfalls and streams and characterized by intense calcium carbonate precipitation in the form of tufa and lake sediments. Two main springs have different 14 C concentrations due to different geology and their variations were controlled by flow rates. Further downstream, at lakes to the Korana River that outflows from the lakes, the 14 C activity and δ 13 C consistently increased down the flow. Carbon isotope composition from 2010 to 2015 was compared with the values measured 30 years earlier. The variation in δ 13 C DIC was accounted for seasonal change, while 14 C activity of surface water DIC decreased 7–12% during the 30 years. Using a semi-empiric model, it is calculated that the downstream increase is controlled by the exchange of DIC and atmospheric CO 2 carbon and by introduction of decomposed biogenic carbon from the top soil organic matter of the lakes surrounding area in almost equal proportions.
Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Flood Potential Indices for Watershed Flood Prediction in the Mississippi River Basin, USA
Roads less travelled by—Pleistocene piracy in Washington’s northwestern Channeled Scabland
ABSTRACT The Pleistocene Okanogan lobe of Cordilleran ice in north-central Washington State dammed Columbia River to pond glacial Lake Columbia and divert the river south across one or another low spot along a 230-km-long drainage divide. When enormous Missoula floods from the east briefly engulfed the lake, water poured across a few such divide saddles. The grandest such spillway into the Channeled Scabland became upper Grand Coulee. By cutting headward to Columbia valley, upper Grand Coulee’s flood cataract opened a valve that then kept glacial Lake Columbia low and limited later floods into nearby Moses Coulee. Indeed few of the scores of last-glacial Missoula floods managed to reach it. Headward cutting of an inferred smaller cataract (Foster Coulee) had earlier lowered glacial Lake Columbia’s outlet. Such Scabland piracies explain a variety of field evidence assembled here: apparently successive outlets of glacial Lake Columbia, and certain megaflood features downcurrent to Wenatchee and Quincy basin. Ice-rafted erratics and the Pangborn bar of foreset gravel near Wenatchee record late Wisconsin flood(s) down Columbia valley as deep as 320 m. Fancher bar, 45 m higher than Pangborn bar, also has tall foreset beds—but its gravel is partly rotted and capped by thick calcrete, thus pre-Wisconsin age, perhaps greatly so. In western Quincy basin foreset beds of basaltic gravel dip east from Columbia valley into the basin—gravel also partly rotted and capped by thick calcrete, also pre-Wisconsin. Yet evidence of late Wisconsin eastward flow to Quincy basin is sparse. This sequence suggests that upper Grand Coulee had largely opened before down-Columbia megaflood(s) early in late Wisconsin time. A drift-obscured area of the Waterville Plateau near Badger Wells is the inconspicuous divide saddle between Columbia tributary Foster Creek drainage and Moses Coulee drainage. Before flood cataracts had opened upper Grand Coulee or Foster Coulee, and while Okanogan ice blocked the Columbia but not Foster Creek, glacial Lake Columbia (diverted Columbia River) drained over this saddle at about 654 m and down Moses Coulee. When glacial Lake Columbia stood at this high level so far west, Missoula floods swelling the lake could easily and deeply flood Moses Coulee. Once eastern Foster Coulee cataract had been cut through, and especially once upper Grand Coulee’s great cataract receded to Columbia valley, glacial Lake Columbia stood lower, and Moses Coulee became harder to flood. During the late Wisconsin (marine isotope stage [MIS] 2), only when Okanogan-lobe ice blocked the Columbia near Brewster to form a high lake could Missoula floodwater from glacial Lake Missoula rise enough to overflow into Moses Coulee—and then only in a few very largest Missoula floods. Moses Coulee’s main excavation must lie with pre-Wisconsin outburst floods (MIS 6 or much earlier)—before upper Grand Coulee’s cataract had receded to Columbia valley.
Monitoring Debris-Flow Surges and Triggering Rainfall at the Lattenbach Creek, Austria
Observations and Analyses of the 9 January 2018 Debris-Flow Disaster, Santa Barbara County, California
Sources of Perennial Water Supporting Critical Ecosystems, San Pedro Valley, Arizona
Sedimentology of the modern seasonal lower Ganges River with low inter-annual peak discharge variance, Bangladesh
Morphodynamic equilibrium of lowland river systems during autoretreat
River discharge variability as the link between climate and fluvial fan formation
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in the Commune of Oudka, Taounate Province, North Morocco: A Comparative Analysis of Logistic Regression, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline, and Artificial Neural Network Models
Tidal modulation of river-flood deposits: How low can you go?
Channel narrowing by inset floodplain formation of the lower Green River in the Canyonlands region, Utah
Geomorphic change and biogeomorphic feedbacks in a dryland river: The Little Colorado River, Arizona, USA
Autopsy of a reservoir: Facies architecture in a multidam system, Elwha River, Washington, USA
Contemporary fluvial geomorphology and suspended sediment budget of the partly confined, mixed bedrock-alluvial South River, Virginia, USA
Abstract The overwhelming documentation of coarse-grained alluvial fans dominated by mass flow contrasts with the scarce accounts of finer grained, traction-dominated alluvial fans. To fill this gap, we present sedimentological and architectural data from a set of sand-rich, streamflow-dominated Pleistocene fans flanking the eastern Upper Valdarno Basin, Italy. The routing of sand-rich sediment resulted from the fast, intense weathering of the feldspar-rich, carbonate-deprived sandstone bedrock underlying the fan catchments. Although capable of entraining large boulders, high water discharge sustained tractional reworking along the proximal facies belts, hindering mass flow. The medial facies belts have a channelized, braided planform and are dominated by processes hardly distinguishable from those characterizing fluvial environments. Along the distal facies belts, extensive overbank tracts are composed of terminal splays and crevasse lobes, the spatial arrangement of which controlled the evolution of through-going tributary channels connected to the axial basin drainage. This study focused on the sedimentary processes, stratal architecture and morphodynamics of the alluvial fans and considered the effect of bedrock inheritance on their development. The results underline how granulometry and mass flow dominance are not distinctive of alluvial fan sedimentation per se and indicate how the critical detection of piedmont, radial palaeomorphology is crucial in the identification of ancient alluvial fans.
Alluvial fans and fluvial fans at the margins of continental sedimentary basins: geomorphic and sedimentological distinction for geo-energy exploration and development
Abstract Alluvial fans and fluvial fans are the most common depositional landforms along the margins of continental sedimentary basins. Their occurrence is determined by the area, relief and hydrology of the catchment, which ultimately control the relative ratios of sediment v. flow discharge and runoff regimes. Fundamental morphological and process distinctions exist between these two kinds of deposystem, which are seen as essentially different facies associations and internal architectures for the corresponding deposits. Alluvial fans commonly develop over short radial distances (hundreds of metres to a few kilometres) and are constructed by ephemeral, flash flow events that lead to poor organization of the sedimentary facies and overall architecture of the corresponding deposits. By contrast, fluvial (mega)fans are fed by proper river systems, which aggrade much larger volumes of clastic sediment over distances of up to a few hundred kilometres. Distinct channel belt and overbank domains are developed with a marked heterogeneity in the distribution of sedimentary facies, represented by hierarchically well-organized fluvial deposits. The general properties of alluvial and fluvial fans reflect the different potentials for the corresponding successions to host economically attractive oil and gas resources and the different approaches required in exploration and prediction.
Abstract The relative importance of tectonics, climate, base level and source lithology as the primary controls on the evolution of alluvial fans is highly debated. This study examines the role of upstream catchment characteristics on the evolution of alluvial megafans by examining three Quaternary fans (the Kalahrud, Zefreh and Mughar fans) along the flanks of the Kohrud Mountain Range in central Iran. These fans formed in a tectonically active basin under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The key differences between the evolutionary trends of these fans are that their catchments are underlain by different bedrock types and they have different catchment shapes and outlet characteristics. The catchment of the Kalahrud fan is in a sedimentary terrain with limited sediment supply, whereas the bedrock lithologies of the Zefreh and Mughar fans are fractured and weathered igneous rocks. However, the evolution of the Mughar fan is also controlled by the tilting of the catchment towards a wide apex and lateral shifting in the catchment outlet/fan feeder channel position. These variables resulted in relatively large-scale incision in the Kalahrud and Mughar fans that is absent in the aggradational trend of the Zefreh fan. Upstream lithological and structural controls are the dominant drivers behind the development and evolution of alluvial megafans.