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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (4)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
Congo (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (2)
-
Djibouti (4)
-
Ethiopia (6)
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Limpopo Basin (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Namibia (2)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
Zambezi Valley (1)
-
-
Alexander Island (1)
-
Alpine Fault (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
Antarctic Peninsula (3)
-
Marie Byrd Land (2)
-
South Pole (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (2)
-
Amerasia Basin (1)
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
Canada Basin (1)
-
Chukchi Sea (1)
-
East Siberian Sea (1)
-
Eurasia Basin (1)
-
Laptev Sea (3)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (2)
-
Makarov Basin (1)
-
Mendeleyev Ridge (1)
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (2)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Jan Mayen Ridge (2)
-
Kolbeinsey Ridge (3)
-
Mohns Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (3)
-
-
Jan Mayen (3)
-
Russian Arctic (1)
-
-
Asal Rift (1)
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (2)
-
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Hidaka metamorphic belt (1)
-
Hidaka Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (4)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus
-
Troodos Massif (8)
-
-
Iran
-
Fars Iran
-
Shiraz Iran (1)
-
-
-
Turkey
-
Izmir Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
East Atlantic (1)
-
Equatorial Atlantic (3)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
Atlantis Massif (3)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Atlantis fracture zone (1)
-
Atlantis Massif (3)
-
Barracuda Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Cayman Trough (7)
-
Mid-Cayman Rise (1)
-
Nicaragua Rise (1)
-
-
Gorringe Bank (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Hayes fracture zone (1)
-
Kane fracture zone (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
Northeast Atlantic (3)
-
Northwest Atlantic
-
Demerara Rise (2)
-
-
Reykjanes Ridge (2)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
Vema fracture zone (1)
-
-
Romanche fracture zone (4)
-
South Atlantic
-
Angola Basin (1)
-
Cape Basin (1)
-
Espirito Santo Basin (1)
-
Falkland Plateau (1)
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic region (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia (1)
-
New Zealand (5)
-
Papua New Guinea (2)
-
-
Baffin Bay (1)
-
Bay of Islands (1)
-
Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin (1)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Campos Basin (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Humber Arm Allochthon (1)
-
-
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Vancouver Island (2)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Manitoba (1)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Jamaica (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (2)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (2)
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
Coast Ranges (2)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Polar Urals (1)
-
Russian Arctic (1)
-
-
Urals
-
Polar Urals (1)
-
-
-
Drake Passage (2)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Galapagos Islands (9)
-
-
Europe
-
Alps (3)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Pindus Mountains (1)
-
Thessaly Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (2)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (4)
-
Ireland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (2)
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Gulf of Mexico Basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (5)
-
East Indian Ocean (1)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Central Indian Ridge (1)
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (4)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (2)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
Kings River (1)
-
Krishna-Godavari Basin (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
New Guinea (1)
-
-
Mediterranean region
-
Calabrian Arc (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean
-
Ligurian Sea (1)
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (2)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (2)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico
-
Vizcaino Peninsula (1)
-
-
Colorado River delta (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province (1)
-
-
Cerro Prieto Fault (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Saint Lawrence Lowlands (1)
-
Yakutat Terrane (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (2)
-
-
Micronesia
-
Caroline Islands (1)
-
Mariana Islands
-
Northern Mariana Islands (1)
-
-
-
Polynesia
-
Tonga (2)
-
-
-
ODP Site 858 (1)
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
Central Pacific (1)
-
East Pacific
-
Cocos Ridge (1)
-
Costa Rica Rift (1)
-
East Pacific Rise (34)
-
Galapagos Rift (13)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (2)
-
Clipperton fracture zone (2)
-
Gorda Rise (4)
-
Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (5)
-
-
Hess Deep (4)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge
-
CoAxial Segment (1)
-
Endeavour Ridge (3)
-
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
Siqueiros fracture zone (1)
-
-
Panama Basin (1)
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Bauer Deep (1)
-
Chile Ridge (3)
-
Lau Basin (4)
-
Manihiki Plateau (2)
-
Tonga Trench (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (5)
-
North Pacific
-
Aleutian Trench (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (2)
-
Clipperton fracture zone (2)
-
Gorda Rise (4)
-
Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (5)
-
-
Hess Deep (4)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge
-
CoAxial Segment (1)
-
Endeavour Ridge (3)
-
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
Siqueiros fracture zone (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Mariana Trough (2)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Philippine Sea
-
Parece Vela Basin (1)
-
West Philippine Basin (1)
-
-
Shatsky Rise (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Chatham Rise (2)
-
Louisville Ridge (1)
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Bauer Deep (1)
-
Chile Ridge (3)
-
Lau Basin (4)
-
Manihiki Plateau (2)
-
Tonga Trench (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (1)
-
Hikurangi Trough (1)
-
Lord Howe Rise (1)
-
Macquarie Ridge (1)
-
North Fiji Basin (3)
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Mariana Trough (2)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Philippine Sea
-
Parece Vela Basin (1)
-
West Philippine Basin (1)
-
-
Shatsky Rise (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (1)
-
Hikurangi Trough (1)
-
Lord Howe Rise (1)
-
Macquarie Ridge (1)
-
North Fiji Basin (3)
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region (2)
-
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (2)
-
Scotia Ridge (2)
-
Sierra Nevada (1)
-
Solomon Islands (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Brazil
-
Pelotas Basin (1)
-
-
Chile (4)
-
French Guiana (1)
-
Guyana (1)
-
Tierra del Fuego (1)
-
-
South Island (1)
-
Southern Ocean (3)
-
Southwest Indian Ridge (7)
-
Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (2)
-
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Del Norte County California (3)
-
Northern California (3)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Trinity Complex (1)
-
Tulare County California (1)
-
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Southeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (2)
-
Lake Tahoe (1)
-
Mississippi Valley (1)
-
North Carolina
-
Ashe County North Carolina (1)
-
Watauga County North Carolina (1)
-
Wilkes County North Carolina (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Curry County Oregon (1)
-
Josephine County Oregon (1)
-
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Washington
-
Lewis County Washington (1)
-
Pacific County Washington (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Macquarie Island (2)
-
-
Woodlark Basin (2)
-
Zealandia (3)
-
-
commodities
-
diamond deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (2)
-
manganese ores (4)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (22)
-
mineral exploration (6)
-
mineral resources (2)
-
petroleum (3)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (5)
-
halogens
-
chlorine (2)
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (11)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
niobium (2)
-
platinum group (1)
-
rare earths
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
samarium (2)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
titanium (3)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
sulfur (1)
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
K/Ar (3)
-
paleomagnetism (10)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
U/Pb (9)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (5)
-
Pleistocene
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene (4)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chumstick Formation (1)
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous (9)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Josephine Ophiolite (4)
-
Josephine Peridotite (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (5)
-
diorites
-
ferrodiorite (1)
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
-
granites (5)
-
granodiorites (2)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (4)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (19)
-
ocean-island basalts (2)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (4)
-
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (3)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
ophiolite (39)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
eclogite (1)
-
hornfels (1)
-
marbles
-
ophicalcite (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (3)
-
metadiabase (1)
-
metagabbro (3)
-
metakomatiite (1)
-
serpentinite (6)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (2)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites
-
agmatite (1)
-
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
ophiolite (39)
-
turbidite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
pyrolusite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
monazite (1)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group (2)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (1)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (5)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (2)
-
-
mica group
-
glauconite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
serpentine group (1)
-
-
-
sulfates (1)
-
sulfides (13)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (16)
-
Africa
-
Afar (4)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
Congo (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (2)
-
Djibouti (4)
-
Ethiopia (6)
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
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Magmatism at oceanic core complexes on the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge: Insights from near-seafloor magnetics
Consistency of Non‐Double‐Couple Components of Seismic Moment Tensors with Earthquake Magnitude and Mechanism
A new geological map of the Lau Basin (southwestern Pacific Ocean) reveals crustal growth processes in arc-backarc systems
Magmatic sill formation during dike opening
Timing and kinematics of the Variscan orogenic cycle at the Moldanubian periphery of the central Bohemian Massif
Validity of geochemical signatures of abiotic hydrocarbon gases on Earth
ABSTRACT Ophiolite complexes represent fragments of ocean crust and mantle formed at spreading centers and emplaced on land. The setting of their origin, whether at mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins, or forearc basins has been debated. Geochemical classification of many ophiolite extrusive rocks reflect an approach interpreting their tectonic environment as the same as rocks with similar compositions formed in various modern oceanic settings. This approach has pointed to the formation of many ophiolitic extrusive rocks in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. Paradoxically, structural and stratigraphic evidence suggests that many apparent SSZ-produced ophiolite complexes are more consistent with mid-ocean ridge settings. Compositions of lavas in the southeastern Indian Ocean resemble those of modern SSZ environments and SSZ ophiolites, although Indian Ocean lavas clearly formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting. These facts suggest that an interpretation of the tectonic environment of ophiolite formation based solely on their geochemistry may be unwarranted. New seismic images revealing extensive Mesozoic subduction zones beneath the southern Indian Ocean provide one mechanism to explain this apparent paradox. Cenozoic mid-ocean-ridge–derived ocean floor throughout the southern Indian Ocean apparently formed above former sites of subduction. Compositional remnants of previously subducted mantle in the upper mantle were involved in generation of mid-ocean ridge lavas. The concept of historical contingency may help resolve the ambiguity on understanding the environment of origin of ophiolites. Many ophiolites with “SSZ” compositions may have formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting such as the southeastern Indian Ocean.
Abstract The tectonic evolution of Antarctica in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was marked by igneous activity that formed as a result of simultaneous continental rifting and subduction processes acting during the final stages of the southward drift of Gondwana towards the South Pole. For the most part, continental rifting resulted in the progressive disintegration of the Gondwana supercontinent from Middle Jurassic times to the final isolation of Antarctica at the South Pole following the Cenozoic opening of the surrounding ocean basins, and the separation of Antarctica from South America and Australia. The initial rifting into East and West Gondwana was proceeded by emplacement of large igneous provinces preserved in present-day South America, Africa and Antarctica. Continued rifting within Antarctica did not lead to continental separation but to the development of the West Antarctic Rift System, dividing the continent into the East and West Antarctic plates, and uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. Motion between East and West Antarctica has been accommodated by a series of discrete rifting pulses with a westward shift and concentration of the motion throughout the Cenozoic leading to crustal thinning, subsidence, elevated heat flow conditions and rift-related magmatic activity. Contemporaneous with the disintegration of Gondwana and the isolation of Antarctica, subduction processes were active along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Antarctica recorded by magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes, and forearc and back-arc basin sequences. A low in magmatic activity between 156 and 142 Ma suggests that subduction may have ceased during this time. Today, following the gradual cessation of the Antarctic rifting and surrounding subduction, the Antarctic continent is situated close to the centre of a large Antarctic Plate which, with the exception of an active margin on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, is surrounded by active spreading ridges.
Chapter 4.1a Antarctic Peninsula: volcanology
Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula is distinguished by late Neogene volcanic activity related to a series of northerly younging ridge crest–trench collisions and the progressive opening of ‘slab windows’ in the subjacent mantle. The outcrops were amongst the last to be discovered in the region, with many occurrences not visited until the 1970s and 1980s. The volcanism consists of several monogenetic volcanic fields and small isolated centres. It is sodic alkaline to tholeiitic in composition, and ranges in age between 7.7 Ma and present. No eruptions have been observed (with the possible, but dubious, exception of Seal Nunataks in 1893) but very young isotopic ages for some outcrops suggest that future eruptions are a possibility. The eruptions were overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and the outcrops have been a major source of information on glaciovolcano construction. They have also been highly influential in advancing our understanding of the configuration of the Plio-Pleistocene Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet. However, our knowledge is hindered by a paucity of modern, precise isotopic ages. In particular, there is no obvious relationship between the age of ridge crest–trench collisions and the timing of slab-window volcanism, a puzzle that may only be resolved by new dating.