Abstract The UK is perhaps unique globally in that it presents the full spectrum of geological time, stratigraphy and associated lithologies within its boundaries. With this wide range of geological assemblages comes a wide range of geological hazards, whether geophysical (earthquakes, effects of volcanic eruptions, tsunami, landslides), geotechnical (collapsible, compressible, liquefiable, shearing, swelling and shrinking soils), geochemical (dissolution, radon and methane gas hazards) or related to georesources (coal, chalk and other mineral extraction). An awareness of these hazards and the risks that they pose is a key requirement of the engineering geologist. This volume sets out to define and explain these geohazards, to detail their detection, monitoring and management, and to provide a basis for further research and understanding, all within a UK context.

Abstract Faults are susceptible to reactivation during coal mining subsidence. The effects may be the generation of a scarp along the ground surface that may or may not be accompanied by associated ground deformation including fissuring or compression. Reactivated faults vary considerably in their occurrence, height, length and geometry. Some reactivated faults may not be recognizable along the ground surface, known only to those who have measured the ground movements or who are familiar with the associated subtle ground deformations. In comparison, other reactivated faults generate scarps up to several metres high and many kilometres long, often accompanied by widespread fissuring of the ground surface. Mining subsidence-induced reactivated faults have caused damage to roads, structures and land. The objective of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the occurrence and characteristics of fault reactivation in the UK.