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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Antarctica
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Queen Maud Land (1)
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Victoria Land
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McMurdo dry valleys (1)
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Asia
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Himalayas (1)
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Canada
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United States
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks (1)
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Primary terms
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Antarctica
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Queen Maud Land (1)
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Victoria Land
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McMurdo dry valleys (1)
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Asia
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Himachal Pradesh India (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
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climate change (1)
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isotopes
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United States
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California
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho
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water resources (1)
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sediments
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clastic sediments (1)
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soils
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snowpack
Drone applications in hydrogeophysics: Recent examples and a vision for the future
ABSTRACT Failure-prone Cenozoic volcanic rocks distributed across central Idaho, USA, promote large landslides, consequent drainage impoundment, and the formation of regionally asynchronous landslide-dammed lakes. Examination of sedimentary records shows that extant lakes formed in this way exhibit high primary productivity relative to other lakes in the region, apparently sustained through relatively elevated watershed phosphorous loading and the contribution of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The resulting high rates of sediment and carbon accumulation exceed those found in regional lakes formed by other processes and underlain by other bedrock lithologies lower in phosphorous. These unusually high biogenic sediment accumulation rates produce highly resolved, often annually laminated sedimentary sequences. The result is a high-resolution temporal matrix for the runoff-intensity signal of episodically delivered, watershed-derived clastic sediment. Elemental analysis by core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) effectively highlights these clastic pulses, and spectral analysis of lithogenic elemental intensities indicates they carry spectral power (including significant harmonic signals) concentrated in the 3–5 yr period. Patterns shown by episodic sediment delivery events support winter snowpack as a modulator of late Holocene sediment export from these watersheds.
A critical analysis on the uncertainty computation in ground-penetrating radar-retrieved dry snow parameters
Abstract We report on a decade of fieldwork designed to determine the conditions required for erosion of Mars-like gully channels in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica. We have outlined the major factors in the morphological evolution of gullies in the Inland Mixed Zone of the MDV: (1) the distribution of ice sources; (2) the temporal aspects of ice melting; and (3) the relative significance of melting events in gullies. We show that significant erosion of gully channels can be achieved if geometrical and environmental conditions combine to concentrate ice where it can rapidly melt. In contrast, annual melting of surface ice and snow deposits during late-season discharge events contribute to transport of water, but flux rarely surpasses the infiltration capacity of the active layer. These small discharge events do not erode channels of significant width. Even when the flux is sufficient to carve a c. 10–20 cm deep channel during late summer (January–February) runoff, these small channels seldom persist through multiple seasons, because they are seasonally muted and filled with aeolian deposits. We briefly discuss the application of these results to the study of gully systems on Mars. Supplementary material: Eight videos showing activity and events are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3935992
A New Year’s Day icebreaker: icequakes on lakes in Alberta, Canada
Abstract We describe a time series of meteorological parameters and surface energy balance components of a seasonal snow cover from an automatic weather station (4863 m a.s.l., 32.28° N, 77.58° E), for a winter season from 1 December 2012 to 30 March 2013, located on a moraine close to the equilibrium line altitude of Chhota Shigri glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India. The analysis shows that for over 80% of the time in winter, the snow surface was at a cooling phase. During late winter however, the surface had some positive residual energy which induced some melt during peak hours of the day. The net all-wave radiation was mostly negative during winter because of the high reflective property of snow and reduced incoming longwave radiation due to low cloud. The sensible heat flux heats the surface at night and enhances the cooling during day. The latent heat flux is always negative, showing that the surface is losing mass through sublimation processes (−0.83 mm w.e./day). A correlation between the energy fluxes and temperature shows a distinct relationship between fluxes. A comparison between the two studies performed on- and off-glacier reveals a significant difference in some parameters. A higher value (−1.08 mm/day) of sublimation rate at 4863 m a.s.l. shows that a large amount of energy available at the surface was used in sublimation processes. A comparatively lower albedo, relative humidity and net longwave radiation and higher latent heat flux, wind speed and net shortwave radiation yield a distinctive surface energy balance, highlighting the need for a large number of stations at different zones to achieve a coherent picture of energy balance in the region.
A synthetic study to assess the applicability of full-waveform inversion to infer snow stratigraphy from upward-looking ground-penetrating radar data
Measurements of Net Subsurface Heat Flux in Snow and Ice Media in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Wetting and Drying Variability of the Shallow Subsurface Beneath a Snowpack in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada
The influence of snow sublimation on the isotopic composition of spring and surface waters in the southwestern United States: Implications for stable isotope–based paleoaltimetry and hydrologic studies
Modeling Runoff Generation in a Small Snow-Dominated Mountainous Catchment All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Snowpack data collection in the Mount Hood area using SNOTEL and geomorphic events related to snowmelt
Abstract This field trip guide describes a one-day loop from Portland eastward around Mount Hood and returning through the Columbia River Gorge. The purpose is to visit a SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetry) site to observe processes and instrumentation applied in automated snowpack data collection, as well as observe geomorphic features related to snowmelt in the western United States. Annual snow accumulation in the higher elevations in the western United States provides a critical source of water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, municipal water supplies, and recreation. Snowmelt, however, also can cause various hydrogeologic hazards, such as floods and debris flows.