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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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High Atlas (2)
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Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Southern Africa
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Alpine Fault (2)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Indonesia
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Java (1)
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Japan
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Himalayas (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Jammu and Kashmir
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upper Cenozoic (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (8)
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Africa
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Morocco
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Southern Africa
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Asia
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Japan
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carbon
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Lesser Antilles
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Soufriere Hills (1)
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Cenozoic
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upper Quaternary (4)
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Grooving in the midcontinent: A tectonic origin for the mysterious striations of L’Anse Bay, Michigan, USA
Coupling rare earth element analyses and high-resolution topography along fault scarps to investigate past earthquakes: A case study from the Southern Apennines (Italy)
Seafloor Observations Eliminate a Landslide as the Source of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami
Timing of shear deformation in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, India: implications for shear zone-hosted polymetallic mineralization
Tectonic evolution of the northern Verkhoyansk Fold-and-Thrust Belt: insights from palaeostress analysis and U–Pb calcite dating
Geology, Structure and Geochemical Features of the Latérites with Anomalous Ti-V-Cr and REE of the Dhandraul Formation of the Vindhyan Supergroup, Eastern India
ABSTRACT This field trip provides a rare opportunity to visit outcrops and structures that highlight the geology, history, and natural beauty of Santa Cruz Island, a remnant of prehistoric California isolated off Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz Island provides some of the most southwestward positioned subaerial outcrops of the North American landmass, while displaying a rare glimpse of prehistoric coastal southern California and picturesque and seldom accessible exposures of Tertiary strata. Most of the stops are difficult to reach and many are closed to public access. Stops 1, 9, 9B, 9C, 13, and 13B are within the Channel Islands National Park, and access to the park portion of the island is by public boat transport (Island Packers) from Ventura Harbor to Prisoners Harbor. Stop 1 is near the pier at Prisoners Harbor and easily accessible; however, the other stops require roundtrip hikes of at least 10 miles from the pier. One of the goals of this four-day trip is to visit as much of the island’s varied geology as possible. A significant body of widely recognized geologic research has been done on the island from late Quaternary sea-level and climate changes to the tectonic evolution of the western North American plate boundary, and in particular the transformation of a subduction to transform plate boundary along a continental margin. Discovery that SCI and the western Transverse Ranges have rotated ~90° clockwise since the early Miocene (Kamerling and Luyendyk, 1979, 1985; Luyendyk et al., 1980) brought on an intense period of research on the island from the late 1970s through the 1990s. Much of this work has been published in both the formal and informal literature. Two decades later, this field trip is an opportunity to review much of these additions to geologic understanding with the advantage of gains in knowledge since then. The guide will emphasize each stop’s importance, offer questions for future research, and showcase the island’s earth science educational opportunities. This four-day trip requires 4WD vehicles and includes some 3–6 km (~2–4 mile) hikes. Dedicated to Dr. Lyndal Laughrin, Santa Cruz Island Reserve Director, Emeritus, The Sage of Santa Cruz Island
Discussion on ‘The Mesoproterozoic Stac Fada proximal ejecta blanket, NW Scotland: constraints on crater location from field observations, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, petrography and geochemistry’, Journal of the Geological Society, London , 176, 830–846
Fault surface development and fault rock juxtaposition along deformation band clusters in porous sandstones series
Tectonophysical Paleostress Reconstructions: Interpretation Challenges and Possible Solutions
Geology and Genesis of the Giant Pulang Porphyry Cu-Au District, Yunnan, Southwest China
La Colosa Au Porphyry Deposit, Colombia: Mineralization Styles, Structural Controls, and Age Constraints
The Middle Montney Altares Member: lithology, depositional setting and significance for horizontal drilling and completion in the Altares Field, British Columbia
Active Normal Faulting along the Langshan Piedmont Fault, North China: Implications for Slip Partitioning in the Western Hetao Graben
The relationship between mineralization and tectonics at the Kainantu gold–copper deposit, Papua New Guinea
Abstract Epithermal veins and breccias at the Kainantu gold–copper deposit in Papua New Guinea, host gold mineralization in NW–SE steeply dipping lodes. The lodes are parallel to a pre-mineralization dextral strike-slip shear-zone network, which is itself parallel in places to an early greenschist-facies cleavage in basement schists. The cleavage, shear zone and veins are all cut by dextral strike-slip faults. High Au grades correlate with areas of obliquity between the shear-zone fabrics and the cleavage, and plunge at approximately 40° SE in the plane of the lodes – coincident with minor fold axes related to a crenulation cleavage in the basement rocks. This clear structural history shows that gold mineralization was confined to a particular late structural event, but lode geometry was influenced by all previous structures, as well as being displaced by post-mineralization faulting. The north–south shortening recorded through most of the tectonic history can be related to Tertiary convergence along the major plate boundary located approximately 15 km north of the mine. However, mineralization occurred under a different tectonic regime from the current north–south convergence, when there was a change of tectonics between 9 and 6 Ma, possibly related to delamination.
Geological map of the partially dolomitized Jurassic succession exposed in the core of the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline, Central Apennines, Italy
Mechanical constraints on kink band and thrust development in the Appalachian Plateau, USA
Abstract: The internal deformation of the Appalachian Plateau décollement sheet has a distinctive style involving kink bands and thrusts. In areas where the décollement sheet is underlain by thin salt, the dominant structures are thrusts developed at shallow levels, underlain by a series of steep kink bands that terminate downwards at the Silurian salt décollement. Where the salt is thick, large asymmetrical anticlines developed with hinterland-verging kinks on their back-limbs that deformed the entire supra-salt sequence. In order to understand the constraints on deformation, we have used analytical mechanical modelling based on the maximum strength theorem. The simplified model consists of three layers: two are fluids and the third, intervening layer is a stratified competent material. The model is compressed horizontally and the predictions made are based on the kinematic approach of classical limit analysis. Two modes of deformation are investigated: the thrust and the kink band. The modelling shows that kink bands dominate deformation at large burial depth. At shallower depth and small regional bedding dip, the dominant mode is thrusting. In areas of open folding it is predicted that through-going hinterland-verging kink bands will form at a critical limb dip angle of about 10°. Supplementary material: Technical details of the mechanical theory behind this article are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3799492
Abstract: Fault growth could be achieved by (1) synchronous increases in displacement and length or (2) rapid fault propagation succeeded by displacement-dominated growth. The second of these growth models (here referred to as the constant length model) is rarely applied to small outcrop-scale faults, yet it can account for many of the geometric and kinematic attributes of these faults. The constant length growth model is supported here using displacement profiles, displacement–length relationships and tip geometries for a system of small strike-slip faults (lengths of 1–200 m and maximum displacements of 0.001–3 m) exposed in a coastal platform in New Zealand. Displacement profiles have variable shapes that mainly reflect varying degrees of fault interaction. Increasing average displacement gradients with increasing fault size (maximum displacement and length) may indicate that the degree of interaction increases with fault size. Horsetail and synthetic splays confined to fault-tip regions are compatible with little fault propagation during much of the growth history. Fault displacements and tip geometries are consistent with a two-stage growth process initially dominated by propagation followed by displacement accumulation on faults with near-constant lengths. Retardation of propagation may arise due to fault interactions and associated reduction of tip stresses, with the early transition from propagation-to displacement-dominated growth stages produced by fault-system saturation (i.e. the onset of interactions between all faults). The constant length growth model accounts for different fault types over a range of scales and may have wide application.