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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Ethiopian Rift (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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Invertebrata
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Primary terms
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Africa
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East African Rift (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Southern Africa
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Bushveld Complex (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Ventersdorp South Africa (2)
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Transvaal region (1)
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Witwatersrand (1)
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Asia
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atmosphere (1)
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carbon
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (6)
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Pliocene
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Citronelle Formation (2)
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-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
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upper Eocene (1)
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Ocala Group (1)
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Oligocene (1)
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-
-
-
Central America
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-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mastodontoidea (1)
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clay mineralogy (1)
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sinkholes
Identifying ice wedges in ground-penetrating radar data from the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory permafrost tunnel, Fox, Alaska
Possible Role of Internal Erosion in the Development of Ground Fissures around Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Topographic Controls on the Duration of Sinkhole Flooding in Central Tennessee, USA
Recommended Planning and Response for Hazardous Material Releases in Karst Terrains
Assessing Landscape and Seasonal Controls on Soil CO 2 Fluxes in a Karst Sinkhole
Potential of Cave Sediments as a Proxy for Tropical Cyclone and Storm Activity
Hydrochemical Delineation of Spring Recharge in an Urbanized Karst Basin, Central Kentucky
Abstract Rivers in karstic environments are known to be greatly influenced by surface water–groundwater interactions, with significant localized inflows during floods from springs, or with losses that can dry up rivers. The Middle Risle River is frequently affected by the development of sinkholes in a chalk karst area (Normandy, France). In the 2010s, two new major sinkholes in the riverbed caused a complete loss of water into the underlying phreatic aquifer, causing the river to dry up over several kilometres. The resulting changes in hydrogeological processes and surface water–groundwater interaction greatly affected water quality, water use and water-dependent ecosystems, causing a political crisis in this river-dependent touristic valley. To understand these phenomena and improve crisis management, the Middle Risle Critical Zone Observatory was set up to enhance monitoring, surveying and/or modelling of groundwater and river levels, river and spring flow, water temperature and conductivity, and ecosystem characteristics (fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation). The results showed notable impacts on fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation, some plants proving to be reliable indicators of surface-water–groundwater interaction. The dynamics of local hydrogeological processes were assessed and linked to the measured effects on ecosystems and water supply. Inverse modelling based on an analytical solution of the diffusive wave equation assessed lateral flow during floods, quantifying the spatial–temporal variability of surface-water and groundwater exchanges. It also highlighted the important role of karst zones in both storage and flood-peak attenuation processes, thereby protecting downstream villages against floods.
Example of a sinkhole landscaping project within the close protection area of a drinking water catchment at Saffré (France, Loire-Atlantique)
Abstract The frequent sinkholes along the temporary water streams in Saffré basin can be compared with those occurring in Upper Normandy which are commonly referred to as ‘bétoires’. These collapses are not directly linked to karst cavities. They result from a draw-off effect of fine particles contained in the Plio-Quaternary alluvium lying above the carbonate Oligocene series. The draw-off phenomenon appears through fine cracks (1 to a few millimetres) open in soft palustrine limestones broadly comparable with chalk. Based on the knowledge of backfilling work design undertaken at some ‘bétoires’ in Upper Normandy, a new project was undertaken at four sinkhole funnels, which appeared near the surface in the Saffré basin at the end of the winter in 2017. The works consisted of digging the decompressed surface and filling up the excavation pit with materials of decreasing granulometry from bottom to top in order to ease the surface water infiltration through the identified fractured zones to the bottom of the excavation. This design was also complemented by the implementation of a filtering trench in between the watercourse and the filtering bed, laid above the fractured zones, which were enlarged by the dissolution process, on the one hand, and by the construction of a pipe network on top of the filtering bed to allow for pressurized air exhaust towards the surface, on the other hand. The pressurized air comes up from the aquifer as it recharges as soon as the surface water streamflow resumes and takes part in the mechanism, leading to sinkhole collapse, which should be prevented by this backfilling design.