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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (5)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (4)
-
Merensky Reef (3)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (2)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
South Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (3)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Israel
-
Mount Carmel (2)
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-
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Popigay Structure (1)
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Russian Far East (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Northwest Atlantic
-
Demerara Rise (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (1)
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-
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New Zealand (1)
-
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario (2)
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Quebec (2)
-
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Chesapeake Bay impact structure (1)
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Chicxulub Crater (2)
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Circum-Antarctic region (1)
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Clearwater Lake (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
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Central Urals (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (3)
-
-
-
Popigay Structure (1)
-
Russian Far East (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Sverdlovsk Russian Federation (1)
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Urals
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Central Urals (1)
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Drake Passage (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany (1)
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Pyrenees (1)
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Rhine Valley (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Murcia Spain
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Caravaca Spain (1)
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-
-
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Italy
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Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
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Piemonte Italy
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Lanzo Massif (1)
-
-
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Western Europe
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France
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Central Massif (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark
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Stevns Klint (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
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Scottish Northern Highlands (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Yucatan Mexico (1)
-
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North America
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Cape Smith fold belt (1)
-
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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South Pacific
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Kermadec Trench (1)
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Scotia Sea Islands
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South Shetland Islands (1)
-
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South America
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Brazil (1)
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Colombia (1)
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South Island (1)
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United States
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Montana (1)
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Virginia (1)
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West Pacific Ocean Islands
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Macquarie Island (1)
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Yucatan Peninsula (1)
-
-
commodities
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industrial minerals (1)
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metal ores
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base metals (2)
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chromite ores (1)
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cobalt ores (1)
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copper ores (5)
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gold ores (3)
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iridium ores (1)
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iron ores (1)
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nickel ores (3)
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osmium ores (1)
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platinum ores (6)
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rhenium ores (1)
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ruthenium ores (1)
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silver ores (2)
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mineral deposits, genesis (7)
-
mineral exploration (1)
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placers (2)
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-
elements, isotopes
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boron (2)
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carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
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chemical elements (2)
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chemical ratios (1)
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hydrogen (3)
-
isotope ratios (21)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (2)
-
He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (11)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
W-182 (3)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (2)
-
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (4)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (6)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (11)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (11)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium (5)
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platinum (3)
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platinum ores (6)
-
rhodium (2)
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ruthenium (3)
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
silver (1)
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thallium (1)
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tin (1)
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tungsten
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W-182 (3)
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vanadium (1)
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zirconium (1)
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-
nitrogen (3)
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noble gases
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helium
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He-3 (1)
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neon (1)
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oxygen (9)
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phosphorus (1)
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selenium (2)
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short-lived isotopes (1)
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silicon (2)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (2)
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tellurium (1)
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trace metals (2)
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-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
paleomagnetism (1)
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Re/Os (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (5)
-
Neogene
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Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (2)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian (2)
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Senonian (2)
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-
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Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Permian (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Fig Tree Group (1)
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Neoarchean (1)
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Paleoarchean (2)
-
-
Hadean (2)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (2)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Torridonian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
picrite (2)
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plutonic rocks
-
gabbros
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norite (1)
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ultramafics
-
chromitite (4)
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peridotites
-
dunite (3)
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harzburgite (2)
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lherzolite (1)
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-
pyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
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dacites (1)
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glasses (1)
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komatiite (3)
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pyroclastics (1)
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-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
granulites (1)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (2)
-
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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quartzites (1)
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ophiolite (4)
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-
meteorites
-
meteorites
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iron meteorites (2)
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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eucrite (1)
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Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
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shergottite (1)
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-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CH chondrites (1)
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-
ordinary chondrites (1)
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rumurutiites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
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carbides
-
moissanite (1)
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nitrides (1)
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phosphides (1)
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silicides (1)
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antimonides (1)
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minerals (1)
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native elements
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diamond (1)
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graphite (2)
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oxides
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chrome spinel (1)
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chromite (1)
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corundum (2)
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ferropericlase (2)
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goethite (1)
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hematite (1)
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iron oxides (1)
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perovskite (1)
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spinel (3)
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titanomagnetite (1)
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trevorite (1)
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platinum minerals (3)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
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amphibole group (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
uvarovite (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
olivine (6)
-
wadsleyite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
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clinochlore (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates (1)
-
sulfides
-
iron sulfides (1)
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laurite (1)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (1)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (5)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (4)
-
Merensky Reef (3)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (2)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
South Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (3)
-
-
-
Middle East
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Israel
-
Mount Carmel (2)
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-
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Popigay Structure (1)
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Russian Far East (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
-
-
asteroids (2)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Northwest Atlantic
-
Demerara Rise (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (1)
-
-
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New Zealand (1)
-
-
biography (1)
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boron (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Ontario (2)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (5)
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (2)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
-
chemical analysis (2)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
core (13)
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crust (12)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
data processing (1)
-
Earth (6)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Germany (1)
-
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Rhine Valley (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Murcia Spain
-
Caravaca Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Lanzo Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Central Massif (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark
-
Stevns Klint (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Scottish Northern Highlands (1)
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
geochemistry (20)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
government agencies (1)
-
hydrogen (3)
-
igneous rocks
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (4)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
komatiite (3)
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (5)
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (2)
-
He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (11)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
W-182 (3)
-
-
-
lava (2)
-
magmas (11)
-
mantle (25)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (2)
-
Senonian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (2)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (5)
-
gold ores (3)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
nickel ores (3)
-
osmium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (6)
-
rhenium ores (1)
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (2)
-
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (4)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (6)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (11)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (11)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium (5)
-
platinum (3)
-
platinum ores (6)
-
rhodium (2)
-
ruthenium (3)
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (6)
-
-
silver (1)
-
thallium (1)
-
tin (1)
-
tungsten
-
W-182 (3)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
granulites (1)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (2)
-
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
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metapyroxenite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
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quartzites (1)
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metamorphism (7)
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metasomatism (9)
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meteorites
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iron meteorites (2)
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stony meteorites
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acapulcoite (1)
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achondrites
-
eucrite (1)
-
Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
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CH chondrites (1)
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ordinary chondrites (1)
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rumurutiites (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
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Yucatan Mexico (1)
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-
mineral deposits, genesis (7)
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mineral exploration (1)
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minerals (1)
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Moon (9)
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nitrogen (3)
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noble gases
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helium
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He-3 (1)
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-
neon (1)
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Cape Smith fold belt (1)
-
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 207
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siderophile elements
Geochemical evidence for a chondritic impactor in altered impact glass from the Stac Fada Member impactite, NW Scotland
Application of the 187 Re- 187 Os geochronometer to crustal materials: Systematics, methodology, data reporting, and interpretation
Magmatic Native Gold: Composition, Texture, Genesis, and Evolution in the Earth’s Crust
Sources of Ore Material in the Platinum-Group Element Deposits of Polar Siberia and the Middle Urals Based on the Data from Radiogenic (Re–Os, Pt–Os) and Stable (Cu, S) Isotopes
Extreme serpentinization and desulfurization in an early Earth setting
The origin of platinum group minerals in oceanic crust
Immiscible metallic melts in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel: Silicides, phosphides, and carbides
Effect of sulfur on siderophile element partitioning between olivine and a primary melt from the martian mantle
Highly refractory dunite formation at Gibbs Island and Bruce Bank, and its role in the evolution of the circum-Antarctic continent
PGE distribution in Merensky wide-reef facies of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Evidence for localized hydromagmatic control
Thermal metamorphism on the Moon as recorded by the granulite suite
ABSTRACT Early Archean spherule layers, widely accepted to represent distal ejecta deposits from large-scale impact events onto the early Earth, have been described from several stratigraphic levels of the Barberton greenstone belt in South Africa. Recently, exploration drilling at the Fairview Gold Mine (25°43′53″S, 31°5′59″E) in the northern domain of the belt resulted in the discovery of a new set of spherule layer intersections. The Fairview spherule layers in drill cores BH5901, BH5907, BH5911, and BH5949 were intersected just a few meters apart, at about the same stratigraphic position within the transition from the Onverwacht Group to the Fig Tree Group. The Fairview spherule layers have petrographic and chemical similarities to at least three other well-known Barberton spherule layers (S2–S4), and multiple spherule layer bed intersections in drill cores BARB5 and CT3, all from about the same stratigraphic position. They are not uniform in composition, in particular with respect to abundances of highly siderophile elements. The highest concentrations of moderately (Cr, Co, Ni) and highly siderophile (Ir) elements are within the range of concentrations for chondrites and, thus, reinforce the impact hypothesis for the generation of the Fairview spherule layers. Iridium peak concentrations and Cr/Ir interelement ratios for spherule layer samples from drill cores BH5907, BH5911, and BH5949 suggest admixtures of 50%–60% chondritic material, whereas for the BH5901 spherule layer, only an admixture of 1% chondritic material is indicated. We discuss whether these four Fairview spherule layers represent the same impact event, and whether they can be correlated to any of the S2–S4, CT3, and BARB5 intersections.