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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australasia
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Australia (1)
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Canada
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Nunavut
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Haughton impact structure (1)
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Chesapeake Bay impact structure (1)
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Ukraine
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Europe
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Western Europe
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France
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United Kingdom (1)
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United States
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Iowa
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fossils
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
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geologic age
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Paleogene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Primary terms
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asteroids (1)
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Australasia
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Australia (1)
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Canada
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Nunavut
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Haughton impact structure (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Europe
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interplanetary space (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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K-T boundary (1)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Triassic
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paleoclimatology (1)
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stratosphere (1)
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United States
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Iowa
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Manson impact structure (1)
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Shoemaker-Levy 9 Comet
Dynamical studies of the asteroid belt reveal it to be an inadequate source of terrestrial impactors of more than a few kilometers in diameter. A more promising source for large impactors is an unstable reservoir of comets orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune. Comets 100–300 km across leak from this reservoir into potentially hazardous orbits on relatively short time scales. With a mass typically 10 3 –10 4 times that of a Chicxulub-sized impactor, the fragmentation of a giant comet yields a highly enhanced impact hazard at all scales, with a prodigious dust influx into the stratosphere over the duration of its breakup, which could be anywhere from a few thousand to a few hundred thousand years. Repeated fireball storms of a few hours' duration, occurring while the comet is fragmenting, may destroy stratospheric ozone and enhance incident ultraviolet light. These storms, as much as large impacts, may be major contributors to biological trauma. Thus, the debris from such comets has the potential to create mass extinctions by way of prolonged stress. Large impact craters are expected to occur in episodes rather than at random, and this is seen in the record of well-dated impact craters of the past 500 m.y. There is a strong correlation between these bombardment episodes and mass extinctions of marine genera.
The public impact of impacts: How the media play in the mass extinction debates
“Mass media” presentations of the dinosaurs and their co-inhabitants have been around for some 200 years. The question of what exterminated the dinosaurs and allowed mammals to take their leading place on Earth has a similarly lengthy history in the scientific arena and in public. However, there are amazingly few communication studies of the debates around mass extinctions and impacts. Those that do exist have picked up on the fact that these debates involve scientists from several disciplines, scientists who are often unused to reading each other’s research. Under these circumstances, more public or leading journals play a key role, not only in getting ideas out into the public arena, but in informing scientists across disciplinary boundaries. “Normal” communication processes, in which articles in peer-reviewed journals inform the scientific community and “simplified” versions may trickle out to the public via the mass media, become more complex. The dramatic impact answer to the question of the death of the dinosaurs seems to have attracted limited media attention at the time, confined to the “elite” newspapers. This paper analyzes the newspaper coverage of the death of the dinosaurs during the period from 1980 to 2008. I find that the period from 1991 to 1995 was critical in terms of changing public perceptions, insofar as they are determined/reflected in articles in general newspapers. I argue that the “Great Crash of 1994,” when Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the giant planet Jupiter, played an important role in propelling the impact scenario for the death of the dinosaurs into the (mass) public eye, and that the news value co-option was important in this process.