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Lower Cretaceous
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Berriasian (2)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Edwards Formation (1)
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Gault Clay (1)
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Glen Rose Formation (2)
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Hauterivian (4)
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Trinity Group (1)
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Valanginian (3)
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Mancos Shale (2)
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Middle Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Almond Formation (1)
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Ariyalur Stage (1)
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Bagh Beds (1)
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Bearpaw Formation (6)
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Blufftown Formation (1)
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Campanian
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Cerro del Pueblo Formation (1)
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Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
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lower Campanian (3)
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upper Campanian (5)
-
-
Carlile Shale (2)
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (1)
-
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Coniacian (1)
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Demopolis Chalk (1)
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Eutaw Formation (1)
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Fort Hays Limestone Member (2)
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Fox Hills Formation (4)
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Frontier Formation (1)
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Fruitland Formation (1)
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Greenhorn Limestone (2)
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Gulfian
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Olmos Formation (1)
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Prairie Bluff Chalk (2)
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Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (6)
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Hornbrook Formation (1)
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Kaiparowits Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (6)
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Lance Formation (1)
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Lewis Shale (1)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (1)
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upper Maestrichtian (3)
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Milk River Formation (1)
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Montana Group (1)
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Navesink Formation (1)
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Niobrara Formation (2)
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Pierre Shale (9)
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Ripley Formation (3)
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Rosario Formation (2)
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Santonian (6)
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Selma Group (1)
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Senonian (33)
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Smoky Hill Chalk Member (1)
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Tropic Shale (2)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
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middle Turonian (1)
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Yezo Group (5)
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Jurassic
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Carmel Formation (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (5)
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middle Liassic (3)
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lower Toarcian (2)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Oxford Clay (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Longarm Formation (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Dinwoody Formation (3)
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Induan (2)
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Middle Triassic
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Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Luning Formation (1)
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Norian (3)
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Pardonet Formation (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Terreneuvian
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Middle Cambrian
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Semri Series (1)
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Carboniferous
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Upper Mississippian
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Imo Formation (4)
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Fayetteville Formation (1)
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Meramecian
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Salem Limestone (1)
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Serpukhovian (1)
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Namurian (2)
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Moscovian (4)
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Monongahela Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Ames Limestone (1)
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Missourian
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Lansing Group (1)
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Virgilian
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Shawnee Group (1)
-
-
-
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Upper Carboniferous
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Westphalian (2)
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Chattanooga Shale (1)
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Devonian
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Onondaga Limestone (1)
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Upper Devonian
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lower Frasnian (1)
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upper Frasnian (1)
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Kellwasser event (3)
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Waterways Formation (2)
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middle Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Fairview Formation (7)
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Katian (19)
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Sandbian (3)
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Permian
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Gharif Formation (1)
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Guadalupian
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Capitan Formation (1)
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Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Roadian (1)
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Tansill Formation (1)
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Wordian (2)
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Khuff Formation (3)
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Lower Permian
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Al Khlata Formation (1)
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Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Cisuralian
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Leonardian
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Bone Spring Limestone (1)
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Wolfcampian (1)
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Unayzah Formation (1)
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Changxing Formation (1)
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (5)
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Wuchiapingian (3)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
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Zechstein (1)
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Road River Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Grimsby Sandstone (1)
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Llandovery
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Wenlock (8)
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Middle Silurian
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Rochester Formation (1)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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upper Precambrian
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sheet silicates
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Primary terms
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Malay Archipelago
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Mesozoic
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Lower Cretaceous
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Almond Formation (1)
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Carlile Shale (2)
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Yezo Group (5)
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Jurassic
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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metals
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Mexico
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 111
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ODP Site 677 (1)
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Leg 113
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ODP Site 689 (1)
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Leg 143
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ODP Site 865 (1)
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Leg 144
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ODP Site 871 (1)
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Leg 159 (1)
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Leg 165
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ODP Site 999 (1)
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Leg 167
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ODP Site 1014 (1)
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Leg 169S
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ODP Site 1033 (1)
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Leg 171B
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ODP Site 1050 (1)
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Leg 198
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ODP Site 1209 (2)
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ocean floors (11)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Tommotian (8)
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Middle Cambrian
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Semri Series (1)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Lake Valley Formation (2)
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-
Tournaisian (5)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
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-
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian
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Imo Formation (4)
-
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Fayetteville Formation (1)
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Meramecian
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Salem Limestone (1)
-
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Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Conemaugh Group (2)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (2)
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Morrowan (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Atokan (1)
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Breathitt Formation (1)
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Desmoinesian
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Boggy Shale (1)
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Wewoka Formation (2)
-
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Moscovian (4)
-
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Monongahela Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Ames Limestone (1)
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Canyon Group (2)
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Missourian
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Lansing Group (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
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Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (3)
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Oriskany Sandstone (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Dundee Limestone (1)
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Eifelian (4)
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Givetian
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upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (7)
-
Ludlowville Formation (2)
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Moscow Formation (4)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Ponta Grossa Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
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-
lower Famennian (3)
-
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Frasnian
-
lower Frasnian (1)
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
Kellwasser event (3)
-
-
Waterways Formation (2)
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (6)
-
middle Paleozoic (2)
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New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Lexington Limestone (1)
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Lower Ordovician
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Manitou Formation (1)
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Tremadocian (7)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
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Bromide Formation (1)
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Platteville Formation (2)
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Whiterockian (2)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (3)
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Caradocian (6)
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Cincinnatian
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Maysvillian (2)
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Richmondian (1)
-
-
Fairview Formation (7)
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Hirnantian (9)
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Katian (19)
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Kope Formation (2)
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Red River Formation (2)
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Sandbian (3)
-
-
-
Permian
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Gharif Formation (1)
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Capitan Formation (1)
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Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Roadian (1)
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Tansill Formation (1)
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Wordian (2)
-
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Khuff Formation (3)
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Lower Permian
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Al Khlata Formation (1)
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Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Cisuralian
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Asselian (2)
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Kungurian (5)
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Sakmarian (1)
-
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Leonardian
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Bone Spring Limestone (1)
-
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Wolfcampian (1)
-
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Middle Permian (2)
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Unayzah Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Changxing Formation (1)
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (5)
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Wuchiapingian (3)
-
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Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
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Zechstein (1)
-
-
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Road River Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Grimsby Sandstone (1)
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Llandovery
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Aberystwyth Grits (1)
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Aeronian (2)
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Wenlock (8)
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Middle Silurian
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Rochester Formation (1)
-
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Niagaran (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (5)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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Availability
shells
THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONALITY ON LIVE-DEAD FIDELITY OF CAENOGASTROPODA FROM THE NORTHERN COAST OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL Available to Purchase
INFERRING THE SIGNATURE OF PAST INTRA-PREDATORY COMPETITION FROM DRILLING PREDATION PATTERNS: INSIGHTS FROM RED SEA AND ADRIATIC SEA DEATH ASSEMBLAGES Available to Purchase
Bellerophontid molluscs in the Grimsby Formation (Llandovery, lower Silurian), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) and their paleoecological and taphonomic implications Available to Purchase
Bioturbation increases time averaging despite promoting shell disintegration: a test using anthropogenic gradients in sediment accumulation and burrowing on the southern California shelf Available to Purchase
MORPHOTYPE MATTERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL FIDELITY OF GASTROPOD STEINKERNS Available to Purchase
The Volterra cliff in the mind of philosophers, savants and geologists (1282–1830) Available to Purchase
Abstract The Pliocene fossiliferous succession of the Volterra hill, a prominent place in Tuscany, Italy and, since the Renaissance, the site of important archaeological finds of the ancient Etruscan civilization, has formed the object of enquiry over six centuries of research on the inner nature of the Earth system. The works of Restoro d'Arezzo, Leonardo da Vinci, Nicolaus Steno, Giovanni Targioni, Nicolas Desmarest, Giambattista Brocchi, Alexandre Brongniart and Charles Lyell testify to the early recognition through fieldwork that those strata with seashells had formed at the bottom of the sea. This interpretation served different approaches to knowledge. Restoro, Leonardo and Steno, spanning nearly four centuries in the history of science (1282–1669), including the ‘Copernican Revolution’ and the start of the Modern Age, relied also on textual sources and trusted a speculative model of the Earth's interior, so that at Volterra they focused on vertical movements of the earth–water system. The authors of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries abandoned pre-built young-Earth models and emphasized the geography of ancient Tuscany. Brocchi, Brongniart and Lyell promoted the taxonomic use of seashells to correlate rocks across Europe. This place deserves higher standards of valorization to promote understanding of the history and sociology of ideas.