Extract Sir Archibald Geikie (1835–1924) was a formidable and authoritarian figure who played a central part in British geology in Victorian and Edwardian times. He was a protégé of Sir Roderick Impey Murchison and became Professor of Geology at the University of Edinburgh (1871), Director of the Geological Survey of Scotland (1871) and Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (1882), a position that he held with stern, but kindly, attention to his staff until his retirement to Haslemere in 1901. He was a prolific writer of both biographies of his mentors and a huge number of books and papers on a wide variety of geological topics. His rather long-winded and self-congratulatory autobiography (Geikie 1924) was published in the year of his death. His principal hobby was as a proficient sketcher and water colourist, mostly of scenes of geological interest, many of which adorn and illustrate his published works. Geikie had a powerful influence on Victorian and Edwardian geology and was rewarded by many honours, including Fellow of the Royal Society (1864), a knighthood (1891) and the Order of Merit (1914).

Abstract The British Geological Survey (BGS) petrology collections contain almost 1500 Scottish rock samples (with thin sections) deposited by Archibald Geikie, including BGSS1, an analcime gabbro from Salisbury Crags, Edinburgh. High-quality thin section images are now available from the BGS’s Britrocks online database. The geospatial distribution of these samples is analysed. They reflect the development of geological mapping and igneous petrology in Scotland from the 1850s to the 1890s. Geikie had the opportunity to study Nicol’s original thin sections in 1851 and he met both Sorby and Zirkel, early pioneers of petrography. Lacking management support, he cut many of his own thin sections while mapping the Clyde Plateau lavas during the 1860s, leading to publications on Carboniferous and Tertiary volcanism. When appointed Director of the newly formed Geological Survey of Scotland in 1867, he was able to establish a petrological laboratory in Edinburgh. Time pressures resulting from his subsequent promotion to Director-General, and increasing quantities of metamorphic rocks, then necessitated the appointment of Hatch and Teall as petrographers for the Survey. Teall’s work was particularly important in the detailed petrography of the gneisses and mylonites associated with the Highlands Controversy. Supplementary material: The rock samples deposited in the Survey collections by Archibald Geikie are listed on a spreadsheet, which will be updated when more slides are imaged or if URLs change. The spreadsheet is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4360664 .

Abstract Fractured gneiss lithologies form a basement-cored high, the Rona Ridge in the Faroe–Shetland Basin. Basement structures are known to play an important role in the petroleum system for the overlying giant Clair Field. An onshore analogue exposure in the Lewisian Gneiss Complex at Kinlochbervie in NW Scotland provides an example of a hanging-wall damage zone of a large basement-hosted normal fault. In this study, we used remote sensing (2D), outcrop line sample methods (1D) and a virtual outcrop created by terrestrial laser scanning methods (3D) to characterize spatial variations of the fracture systems. Spacing distributions from 1D line samples collected from exposures and pseudo-wells constructed through the virtual outcrop show power-law distributions. The virtual outcrop data enable us to extend the scale-invariant description from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. We developed a novel box-counting workflow to provide an assessment of 2- and 3D variations in the fracture properties. Fracture density and fractal dimension are elevated whereas the number of intersections is decreased within a 220 m-wide volume adjacent to the fault. We discuss how the methods and results from this study can aid the development of analogue for basement reservoirs in the offshore UK continental shelf.