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Scleractinia
MEDITERRANEAN IMPRINT ON CORAL DIVERSITY IN THE INCIPIENT RED SEA (BURDIGALIAN, SAUDI ARABIA)
Corallite sizes of reef corals: decoupling of evolutionary and ecological trends
Reconstructing past disturbance in coral communities using U-Th dating of dead coral skeletons
Three common sampling techniques in Pleistocene coral reefs of the Red Sea: a comparison
Abstract Line Intercept Transects (LIT), Point Intercept Transects (PIT) and Photoquadrats (PQ) are the most common quantitative sampling techniques in modern and fossil coral reefs. Data from coral reefs obtained by the different methods are generally compared between various reef ages and localities. Quaternary reefs from warmer interglacial periods, which represent climate scenarios projected for the future, are particularly interesting for comparisons with modern reefs. Importantly, fossil reefs differ from modern reefs because they are diagenetically altered and time-averaged. While several studies have compared different quantitative methods in modern reefs, very few have dealt with the comparability among fossil and between fossil and modern reefs. Here, we compare LIT, PIT at 10, 20 and 50 cm intervals and PQ in two Pleistocene reef localities in Egypt. We find that alpha diversity, reef cover and community composition are dependent on the method. Results gained with plotless methods (LIT, PIT) differ strongly from results gained with plot methods (PQ). However, coral cover results are similar with LIT and PIT, and community composition is indistinguishable between the two, but alpha diversity depends on the interval used for PIT. We discuss the implications of our findings for comparing coral reefs of various ages and localities. We recommend surveying Pleistocene reefs with PIT at 20 cm intervals. This is because (1) alpha diversity is well captured, (2) the amount of time-averaging recorded by PIT is reduced compared to PQ, (3) the PIT results can be directly compared to reefs analysed by LIT and (4) the method is less time-consuming than LIT and PQ.
Earliest western Atlantic staghorn corals ( Acropora ) from the lower Oligocene Suwannee Limestone of Florida, USA, and their significance for modern coral distribution
Geoscience Meets Biology: Raman Spectroscopy in Geobiology and Biomineralization
Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse
Early Miocene shallow-water corals from La Guajira, Colombia: Part II, Mussidae–Siderastreidae and Milleporidae
Porosity Distribution and Evolution in Pleistocene Reefal Limestone: Implications For Scale‐Dependent Fluid Flow
The measurement of porosity and permeability in shallow-water carbonates is often complicated by the nature and degree of diagenesis, as well as the issue of scale-dependence in the measurement technique. Vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity were calculated from short-interval straddle-packer injection tests in a three-well transect across the Pleistocene reefal limestone of the southern Dominican Republic (DR). Combined with whole-core porosity estimates and small-diameter (2.54 cm) plug estimates of matrix porosity and permeability, these data provide a means of assessing the scale-dependent petrophysical variability within a complex carbonate pore system, as well as the primary factors that control flow within such a system. Interval permeability values (converted from hydraulic conductivity) based on in situ injection tests ranged between 5 and 25 Darcy (D) (12.2 D geometric mean), up to three orders of magnitude higher than associated plug permeability values (0.08 D geometric mean). Although plug permeability is related to depositional environment (backreef, reef crest, forereef), injection tests did not show a relation to environment. Furthermore, interval permeabilities showed no relation to “matrix” (plug-based) porosity or permeability values. Interval injection permeability was correlated to “total” (whole-core) porosity and, even more so to larger scale “vuggy” (>~5 mm) porosity, quantified by subtracting the plug-based “matrix” porosity from the whole-core “total” porosity. The differences in permeability between plug and interval injection tests for these vuggy carbonates becomes greater over time, since cementation occludes matrix porosity and dissolution opens up larger molds and vugs, especially corals and other large aragonitic grains. The in situ interval permeability values measured in the DR reefal carbonates provide better values (than plug or core) of the impact of early meteoric diagenesis. These results confirm early development of vuggy intervals that can have permeability that is orders of magnitude greater than measured plug permeabilities. A touching-vug pore system shifts the scale dependence of hydraulic conductivity from the plug scale to the packer (bed) scale and probably toward the regional scale.