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scandium

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Journal Article

Compound criticality of bauxite production: implications for sustainability and trade neo-colonialism

C. Malam, K. R. Moore, P. Diallo
Journal: Geoenergy
Published: 22 July 2024
Geoenergy (2024) 2 (1): geoenergy2023-054.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/geoenergy2023-054
...) Gallium is a by-product CRM, extracted during alumina refining. (3) Multiple other CRM by-products could be extracted during alumina refining: scandium, lithium, cobalt, titanium and REE. (4) Production is profoundly influenced by price inelasticity (for by-products), regime instability of bauxite...
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Scandio-winchite, ideally ☐(NaCa)(Mg 4 Sc)(Si 8 O 22 )(OH) 2 : The first Sc-dominant amphibole-supergroup mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, southwestern Poland

Adam Pieczka, Marcin Stachowicz, Sylwia Zelek-Pogudz, Bożena Gołębiowska, Mateusz Sęk, Krzysztof Nejbert, Jakub Kotowski, Beata Marciniak-Maliszewska, Adam Szuszkiewicz, Eligiusz Szełęg, Katarzyna M. Stadnicka, Krzysztof Woźniak
Published: 01 May 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (5): 940–948.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-8974
... scandium (Sc) has long been known as a trace constituent in amphiboles, reports documenting Sc as a major constituent are extremely rare. Foord et al. (1993) documented up to 1.7 wt% Sc 2 O 3 in edenite and up to 2.9 wt% Sc 2 O 3 in actinolite from granitic pegmatites and the metagabbro host from...
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THE ROLE OF SCANDIUM CHLORIDE AND HYDROXIDE COMPLEXES IN THE FORMATION OF SCANDIUM DEPOSITS: INSIGHTS FROM EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING

Jiaxin Wang, A. E. Williams-Jones, A. Timofeev, Xueni Zhang, Jiajun Liu, Shunda Yuan
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2023
Economic Geology (2023) 118 (8): 1995–2004.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5026
...Jiaxin Wang; A. E. Williams-Jones; A. Timofeev; Xueni Zhang; Jiajun Liu; Shunda Yuan Abstract Although scandium is commonly concentrated to economic levels by magmatic processes, hydrothermal fluids also play an important role in its concentration. Indeed, the most important source of scandium...
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Comparison of lithium borate fusion and four-acid digestions for the determination of whole-rock chemistry – implications for lithogeochemistry and mineral exploration

Zebedee Zivkovic, Leonid Danyushevsky, Scott Halley, Shaun Barker, Michael Baker
Published: 30 May 2023
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2023) 23 (2): geochem2022-054.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2022-054
.../347662a0 Doe , B.R. 1997 . Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks – ridges, islands, and arcs – with emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium . International Geology Review , 39 , 1053 – 1112 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465317 Dostal , J. and Chatterjee , A.K...
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A comparison of trace element concentrations in chromite from komatiites, picrites, and layered intrusions: implications for the formation of massive chromite layers

Sarah-Jane Barnes, Eduardo T. Mansur, Wolfgang D. Maier, Stephen A. Prevec
Published: 02 November 2022
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2023) 60 (2): 97–132.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0064
... at 42.5–44 wt.%. Fig. 9. Plots of Cr 2 O 3 versus (A) Ga, (B) Sc, (C) Hf, (D) Sn, (E) Ta, and (F) Nb concentrations in chromite. Legend as in Fig. 7 . Scandium concentrations are generally low at <15 ppm and show no correlation with Cr 2 O 3 ( Fig. 9B ). The chromites from Stillwater...
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The Effect of Size Distribution on the Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Tropical River Sediments and Its Implications regarding Chemical Weathering and Fractionation of Alkali Elements

Kaikai Wu, Shengfa Liu, Xuefa Shi, Christophe Colin, Franck Bassinot, Zhanghua Lou, Hui Zhang, Aimei Zhu, Xisheng Fang, Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 12 July 2022
Lithosphere (2022) 2022 (Special 9): 8425818.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/8425818
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Shakhdaraite-(Y), ScYNb 2 O 8 , from the Leskhozovskaya granitic pegmatite, the valley of the Shakhdara River, southwestern Pamir, Gorno-Badakhshanskii Autonomous Region, Tajikistan: New mineral description and crystal structure

Leonid A. Pautov, Mirak A. Mirakov, Elena Sokolova, Maxwell C. Day, Frank C. Hawthorne, Manuchekhr A. Schodibekov, Vladimir Yu. Karpenko, Saimudasir Makhmadsharif, Abdulkhak R. Faiziev
Published: 25 February 2022
The Canadian Mineralogist (2022) 60 (2): 369–382.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000122
.... (2010) Heftetjernite, a new scandium mineral from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Norway . European Journal of Mineralogy 22 , 309 – 316 . Konovalenko, S.I. (2006) Types of the miarolitic pegmatites...
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Near real-time management of spectral interferences with portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers: application to Sc quantification in nickeliferous laterite ores

Elodie Lacroix, Jean Cauzid, Yoram Teitler, Michel Cathelineau
Published: 16 September 2021
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2021) 21 (3): geochem2021-015.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2021-015
.... (A) Spectrum acquired with the Niton Xl3t GOLDD + pXRF (Ag anode); (B) spectrum acquired with the XMET 7500 pXRF (Rh anode, (C) zoom of spectrum acquired with the XMET pXRF from 3.6 to 4.8 keV showing the artefacts that can disrupt the scandium quantification such as spectral interferences and escape peaks (Ca...
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Nioboheftetjernite, ScNbO 4 , a new mineral from the Befanamo Pegmatite, Madagascar

Inna Lykova, Ralph Rowe, Glenn Poirier, Andrew M. McDonald, Gerald Giester
Published: 25 March 2021
The Canadian Mineralogist (2021) 59 (2): 445–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000070
... e-mail address : [email protected] 15 6 2020 31 7 2020 2021 nioboheftetjernite new mineral wolframite group crystal structure pegmatite Madagascar Scandium is a rare chemical element in nature. Its abundance in the upper continental crust of the Earth is 14 μg...
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First-principles modeling of X-ray absorption spectra enlightens the processes of scandium sequestration by iron oxides

Mathieu Chassé, Marc Blanchard, Delphine Cabaret, Amélie Juhin, Delphine Vantelon, Georges Calas
Published: 01 July 2020
American Mineralogist (2020) 105 (7): 1099–1103.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7308
...Mathieu Chassé; Marc Blanchard; Delphine Cabaret; Amélie Juhin; Delphine Vantelon; Georges Calas Abstract Scandium is often associated with iron oxides in the environment. Despite the use of scandium as a geochemical tracer and the existence of world-class supergene deposits, uncertainties...
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Helvine-group minerals from Norwegian granitic pegmatites and some other granitic rocks: Cases of significant Sc and Sn contents

Gunnar Raade
Published: 01 May 2020
The Canadian Mineralogist (2020) 58 (3): 367–379.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1900099
... tetrahedra may rotate about the two-fold axes according to the size of the interframework M cations ( Hassan & Grundy 1985 , Nimis et al . 1996 ). Scandium is a very unusual minor element in helvine-group minerals. Borisenko (1963) reported up to 0.1 wt.% Sc 2 O 3 in helvine. Trace amounts...
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Co-existing low-Ti and high-Ti dolerites in two large dykes in the Gap Dyke swarm, southeastern Karoo Basin (South Africa)

E.-R. Neumann, J.S. Marsh, C.Y. Galerne, S. Polteau, H. Svensen, S. Planke
Published: 01 March 2020
South African Journal of Geology (2020) 123 (1): 19–34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0003
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Sources and origins of eolian dust to the Philippine Sea determined by major minerals and elemental geochemistry

Wei Wang, Zhaokai Xu, Tiegang Li, Shiming Wan, Mingjiang Cai, Hongjin Chen, Rongtao Sun, Dhongil Lim
Published: 01 October 2019
Geological Magazine (2020) 157 (5): 719–728.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001031
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The distribution and enrichment of scandium in garnets from the TØrdal pegmatites, south Norway, and its economic implications

Georg Steffenssen, Axel Müller, Nanna Rosing-Schow, Henrik Friis
Published: 30 September 2019
The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) 57 (5): 799–801.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.AB00025
... of the spessartine content corresponds to increased fractionation degree of the host pegmatite. Almost pure spessartines are found in late-stage albite zones near the core of the Upper Høydalen pegmatite which is one of the chemically most evolved pegmatites of the Tørdal field. Scandium concentrations...
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Journal Article

Jervisite, NaScSi 2 O 6 : Optical Data, Morphology, Raman Spectroscopy, and Crystal Chemistry

Pietro Vignola, Nicola Rotiroti, Frédéric Hatert, Danilo Bersani, Sergio Andò, Sergio Varvello
Published: 15 July 2019
The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) 57 (4): 489–498.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1900012
... crystal structure single-crystal X-ray diffraction electron microprobe Raman spectroscopy Gladstone-Dale index Baveno Italy The miarolitic NYF pegmatites hosted by the calc-alkaline Baveno pluton contain an important Sc-minerals association. Indeed, six of the 19 known scandium mineral...
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Temperature and pressure effects on the partitioning of V and Sc between clinopyroxene and silicate melt: Implications for mantle oxygen fugacity

Yuan Li
Published: 01 May 2018
American Mineralogist (2018) 103 (5): 819–823.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6464
... of America Oxygen fugacity upper mantle vanadium scandium partitioning clinopyroxene silicate melt * E-mail: [email protected] The present study shows that the D Cpx/SM for both V and Sc is a function of temperature, pressure, and probably melt water content. Therefore...
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Constraints on aluminum and scandium substitution mechanisms in forsterite, periclase, and larnite: High-resolution NMR

Ryan J. Mccarty, Jonathan F. Stebbins
Published: 01 June 2017
American Mineralogist (2017) 102 (6): 1244–1253.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5976
...-forsterites, a single, well-defined quadrupolar peak shape is present in the range typical for ScO 6 sites ( Fig. 7 ). This peak and the parameters derived from both 14.1 and 18.8 T data ( Table 2 ) do not resemble previously reported spectra for known scandium phases, such as the Sc 2 O 3 synthesized...
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Evidence for a reducing Archean ambient mantle and its effects on the carbon cycle

Sonja Aulbach, Vincenzo Stagno
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (9): 751–754.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G38070.1
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Book Chapter

Resource Potential for Commodities in Addition to Uranium in Sandstone-Hosted Deposits

Author(s)
George N. Breit
Book: Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits
Series: Reviews in Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2016
DOI: 10.5382/Rev.18.13
EISBN: 9781629490922
... Abstract Sandstone-hosted deposits mined primarily for their uranium content also have been a source of vanadium and modest amounts of copper. Processing of these ores has also recovered small amounts of molybdenum, rhenium, rare earth elements, scandium, and selenium. These deposits share...
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Abstract Sandstone-hosted deposits mined primarily for their uranium content also have been a source of vanadium and modest amounts of copper. Processing of these ores has also recovered small amounts of molybdenum, rhenium, rare earth elements, scandium, and selenium. These deposits share a generally common origin, but variations in the source of metals, composition of ore-forming solutions, and geologic history result in complex variability in deposit composition. This heterogeneity is evident regionally within the same host rock, as well as within districts. Future recovery of elements associated with uranium in these deposits will be strongly dependent on mining and ore-processing methods.

Journal Article

Crystal Structures of the Hydrothermally Synthesized Chromates KSc 3 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 , KIn 3 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 , RbIn 3 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 , and AgIn 3 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 : a Contribution To the Crystal Chemistry of the Alunite Supergroup

Uwe Kolitsch
Published: 01 September 2015
The Canadian Mineralogist (2015) 53 (5): 833–844.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1400103
... ) The behaviour of scandium, yttrium and uranium during jarosite precipitation . Hydrometallurgy 98 , 128 – 135 . Dutrizac, J.E. & Jambor, J.L. ( 1987 ) Behaviour of cesium and lithium during...
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