Skip Nav Destination
sample preparation
Update search
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Admiralty Bay (1)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Turkana Basin (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Cairo Egypt (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (2)
-
-
-
-
Altiplano (2)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (2)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anshan China (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Guangdong China
-
Zhujiang River (1)
-
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Hebei China (1)
-
Hong Kong (1)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jilin China (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
Meishan China (1)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Horoman Complex (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
-
Hokuroku Japan (1)
-
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kitakami Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas (3)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bihar India (2)
-
Jharkhand India
-
Jharia coal field (1)
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Mysore India (1)
-
-
Madhya Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Sea of Marmara (1)
-
Sivas Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Patom Plateau (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Selenga River valley (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Gulf of Cadiz (1)
-
Gulf of Maine (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (2)
-
Nares abyssal plain (1)
-
North Sea (5)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Giles Complex (1)
-
Musgrave Block (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (2)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Mount Isa Australia (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
Gawler Craton (2)
-
-
Surat Basin (1)
-
Tanami Desert (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (3)
-
Western Australia
-
Capricorn Orogen (1)
-
Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Norseman-Wiluna Belt (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (2)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Ok Tedi Mine (1)
-
-
-
Avalon Zone (1)
-
Barents region (1)
-
Black Hills (2)
-
Browse Basin (1)
-
Caledonides (2)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (2)
-
Nova Scotia (6)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (2)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Moose River basin (1)
-
Sudbury igneous complex (2)
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Thunder Bay District Ontario
-
Thunder Bay Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Noranda Quebec (2)
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (2)
-
-
-
-
Mackenzie Mountains (1)
-
Nunavut (1)
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Parry Islands (1)
-
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (8)
-
Athabasca Basin (2)
-
British Columbia
-
Princeton British Columbia (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Contwoyto Lake (1)
-
Manitoba (2)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Lac de Gras (1)
-
Mackenzie Delta (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (3)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Canterbury Basin (1)
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Hispaniola
-
Haiti (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (2)
-
Central America
-
Panama (1)
-
-
Coast Mountains (1)
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Komsomolsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (2)
-
-
Patom Plateau (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
-
Urals (1)
-
-
Cornwallis Island (1)
-
Corpus Christi Bay (1)
-
Elk Lake (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps (1)
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps (1)
-
-
Baltic region
-
Lithuania (1)
-
-
Carpathians (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic (1)
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Harz Mountains (1)
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
-
Ruhr (1)
-
-
Saxony Germany
-
Leipzig Germany (1)
-
-
-
Hungary
-
Mecsek Mountains (1)
-
Transdanubia (1)
-
-
Poland
-
Polish Lowland (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Bern Switzerland
-
Grimsel Test Site (1)
-
-
Graubunden Switzerland (1)
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (2)
-
-
Pannonian Basin (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Macedonia (1)
-
Greek Thrace (1)
-
Ionian Islands (1)
-
Othrys (1)
-
Pindus Mountains (1)
-
Sterea Ellas (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (1)
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Iberian pyrite belt (1)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (1)
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Basque Provinces Spain (1)
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Iberian Mountains (1)
-
Prebetic Zone (1)
-
-
-
Ionian Zone (1)
-
Italy
-
Sicily Italy
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia (1)
-
-
Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
Romania
-
Apuseni Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovenia
-
Celje Slovenia (1)
-
-
-
Thrace
-
Greek Thrace (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Flanders Belgium (1)
-
Wallonia Belgium
-
Liege Belgium (1)
-
-
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (1)
-
Haute-Marne France (1)
-
Meuse France (1)
-
Paris Basin (1)
-
Provence (1)
-
Vendee France (1)
-
-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland
-
Donegal Ireland (1)
-
Dublin Ireland (2)
-
Kildare Ireland (1)
-
Meath Ireland (1)
-
Wicklow Ireland (1)
-
-
Limburg (1)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark
-
Sjaelland (1)
-
-
Finland (1)
-
Norway (3)
-
Sweden
-
Gotland Sweden (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Cumbria England
-
Cumberland England (1)
-
-
Durham England (1)
-
Hampshire England (1)
-
Lincolnshire England (1)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Fife Scotland (1)
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
Outer Hebrides (2)
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
-
Wales
-
South Wales (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Flint Hills (1)
-
Front Range (1)
-
Green Canyon (1)
-
Green Lake (1)
-
Harris (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (1)
-
Great Australian Bight (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Jack Hills (1)
-
Kos (1)
-
La Palma (1)
-
Long Island (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
New Guinea
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
Marble Canyon (1)
-
Maverick Basin (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Ionian Islands (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Jalisco Mexico (1)
-
-
Midland Valley (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (2)
-
Appalachians
-
Piedmont (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (2)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Cape Smith fold belt (1)
-
-
Grenville Province (3)
-
Superior Province
-
Wabigoon Belt (2)
-
-
-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
-
Saint Lawrence Lowlands (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (4)
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
New Caledonia (1)
-
-
Polynesia
-
French Polynesia
-
Society Islands (1)
-
Tuamotu Islands (1)
-
-
Line Islands (1)
-
-
-
Orcadian Basin (1)
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Guatemala Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Guatemala Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea
-
Zhujiangkou Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea
-
Zhujiangkou Basin (1)
-
-
-
Ontong Java Plateau (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Peace River (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges (1)
-
Perth Basin (1)
-
Pikes Peak (1)
-
Red Dog Mine (1)
-
Scotia Sea Islands
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
-
South America
-
Amazon Basin (1)
-
Andes (2)
-
Argentina
-
Cordoba Argentina (1)
-
Mendoza Argentina
-
Payun Matru (1)
-
-
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
Mato Grosso Brazil (2)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil
-
Itabira Brazil (1)
-
-
Para Brazil
-
Carajas mineral province (1)
-
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
Roraima Brazil (1)
-
Sao Francisco Craton (1)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Ecuador (2)
-
Peru
-
Cusco Peru (1)
-
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
South Island (2)
-
Southern Alps (1)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea (1)
-
-
Sydney Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (3)
-
Alaska (4)
-
Arizona (2)
-
Arkansas
-
Garland County Arkansas (1)
-
Pulaski County Arkansas (1)
-
Saline County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Black Warrior Basin (1)
-
California
-
Glenn County California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Coso Range (1)
-
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (1)
-
-
Southern California (3)
-
Southern California Batholith (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
El Paso County Colorado (1)
-
Garfield County Colorado
-
Anvil Points Mine (1)
-
-
Jefferson County Colorado (1)
-
Mahogany Zone (1)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede mining district (2)
-
-
Piceance Basin (1)
-
Pikes Peak Batholith (1)
-
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Florida (1)
-
Great Basin (2)
-
Idaho (1)
-
Idaho Batholith (1)
-
Illinois (4)
-
Kansas
-
Cowley County Kansas (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Martin County Kentucky (1)
-
-
Louisiana
-
Allen Parish Louisiana (1)
-
-
Maine
-
Aroostook County Maine (1)
-
-
Michigan (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Midwest (1)
-
Minnesota
-
Clearwater County Minnesota (1)
-
Duluth Complex (2)
-
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Missouri
-
Saint Louis County Missouri
-
Saint Louis Missouri (1)
-
-
-
Montana
-
Boulder Batholith (1)
-
Butte mining district (1)
-
Fergus County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (2)
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada
-
Getchell Mine (1)
-
Osgood Mountains (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (2)
-
Suffolk County New York (1)
-
-
Ohio
-
Sandusky County Ohio (1)
-
-
Oklahoma
-
Atoka County Oklahoma (1)
-
McCurtain County Oklahoma (1)
-
Pushmataha County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Palo Duro Basin (1)
-
Pennsylvania (1)
-
Powder River basin (1)
-
Sabine Uplift (1)
-
South Dakota
-
Custer County South Dakota (1)
-
Pennington County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Knox County Tennessee (1)
-
Washington County Tennessee (1)
-
-
Texas
-
Harris County Texas
-
Houston Texas (1)
-
-
Jack County Texas (1)
-
La Salle County Texas (1)
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
Nueces County Texas (1)
-
San Marcos Arch (1)
-
Wilbarger County Texas (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Bingham mining district (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Amelia County Virginia (1)
-
Pittsylvania County Virginia (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Eau Claire County Wisconsin (1)
-
Trempealeau County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Campbell County Wyoming (1)
-
Great Divide Basin (1)
-
Johnson County Wyoming (1)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Wyoming Province (2)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
abrasives (1)
-
aggregate (10)
-
barite deposits (2)
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
brines (3)
-
carborundum (1)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
coal deposits (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (2)
-
cement materials (6)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
-
diamond deposits (3)
-
energy sources (2)
-
evaporite deposits (1)
-
fluorspar deposits (1)
-
garnet deposits (1)
-
gems (4)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glass materials (5)
-
industrial minerals (2)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
base metals (7)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
copper ores (20)
-
gold ores (33)
-
IOCG deposits (2)
-
iron ores (7)
-
lead ores (6)
-
lead-zinc deposits (5)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
nickel ores (5)
-
niobium ores (1)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum ores (12)
-
polymetallic ores (3)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
silver ores (9)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
uranium ores (8)
-
zinc ores (6)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (36)
-
mineral exploration (36)
-
mineral resources (2)
-
oil and gas fields (6)
-
ornamental materials (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (5)
-
shale gas (2)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
placers (5)
-
potash (1)
-
refractory materials (2)
-
tight sands (2)
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (5)
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (19)
-
C-14 (2)
-
organic carbon (5)
-
-
chemical elements (1)
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (1)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (8)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (50)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
C-14 (2)
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
Mn-53 (1)
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pu-244 (1)
-
Ra-226 (3)
-
Ra-228 (1)
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-85 (1)
-
Th-230 (3)
-
U-234 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (19)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
D/H (8)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (3)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
S-34/S-32 (9)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
curium (1)
-
plutonium
-
Pu-244 (1)
-
-
protactinium
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (3)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
lithium (4)
-
potassium (6)
-
rubidium (1)
-
sodium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (3)
-
calcium (5)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (3)
-
Ra-228 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-85 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
antimony (3)
-
arsenic (5)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (3)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
cobalt (5)
-
copper (12)
-
germanium (1)
-
gold (7)
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (3)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (5)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
-
manganese
-
Mn-53 (1)
-
-
mercury (3)
-
molybdenum (6)
-
nickel (3)
-
niobium (2)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (2)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
palladium (7)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum (7)
-
platinum ores (12)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
precious metals (6)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (5)
-
europium (2)
-
lanthanum (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
rhenium (1)
-
silver (4)
-
tin (2)
-
titanium (6)
-
tungsten (1)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (5)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon (2)
-
helium
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
-
phosphorus (3)
-
selenium (1)
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (9)
-
-
trace metals (5)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (6)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
Holocephali (1)
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (2)
-
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Dipnoi (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
fungi (1)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca
-
Brachyura (1)
-
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Agnostida (1)
-
Ptychopariida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Terebratulida (1)
-
-
Inarticulata (1)
-
-
Bryozoa
-
Cheilostomata (1)
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (1)
-
Scleractinia
-
Montastrea
-
Montastrea annularis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Blastoidea (1)
-
Crinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida
-
Veneridae
-
Mercenaria (1)
-
-
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina (1)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda (1)
-
Gastropoda (2)
-
Hyolithes (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Allogromiina (1)
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea
-
Bulimina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Ammonia
-
Ammonia beccarii (2)
-
-
Elphidium
-
Elphidium excavatum (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (12)
-
-
Vermes
-
Polychaeta
-
Serpulidae (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Conodonta (12)
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
problematic microfossils (3)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (4)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (5)
-
miospores
-
pollen (12)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (3)
-
Chlorophyta
-
Tasmanites (1)
-
-
Chrysophyta (1)
-
Coccolithophoraceae
-
Coccolithus (2)
-
-
diatoms (5)
-
nannofossils (8)
-
-
Bryophyta
-
Musci (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Acer (1)
-
Alnus (1)
-
Lauraceae (1)
-
Magnoliidae (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae (1)
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales
-
Pinaceae
-
Abies (1)
-
-
Tsuga (1)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (3)
-
-
thallophytes (11)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (18)
-
fission-track dating (2)
-
hydration of glass (1)
-
K/Ar (7)
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
optical mineralogy (5)
-
paleomagnetism (13)
-
Pb/Pb (4)
-
radiation damage (2)
-
Rb/Sr (2)
-
Re/Os (2)
-
Sm/Nd (3)
-
tephrochronology (2)
-
Th/U (2)
-
thermochronology (4)
-
thermoluminescence (3)
-
U/Pb (21)
-
U/Th/Pb (5)
-
uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (2)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (2)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (6)
-
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Turonian (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (1)
-
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Haynesville Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Oxfordian (3)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Shimanto Group (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Yanchang Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Middle Cambrian (3)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Goldenville Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (1)
-
Bear Gulch Limestone Member (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Parkwood Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (1)
-
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Zechstein (2)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
Waldron Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
Silvretta Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Arkansas Novaculite (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (2)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Minas Supergroup (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (5)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (5)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (4)
-
phoscorites (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros
-
norite (2)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
pegmatite (7)
-
syenites
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (5)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
palagonite (1)
-
perlite (2)
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (2)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (2)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (6)
-
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
gneisses
-
biotite gneiss (2)
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
hornfels (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (2)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (7)
-
tactite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (2)
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CM chondrites
-
Murchison Meteorite (1)
-
-
CV chondrites
-
Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
Tagish Lake Meteorite (1)
-
-
ordinary chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
electrum (1)
-
-
arsenates
-
pharmacosiderite (1)
-
scorodite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
maucherite (1)
-
-
borates
-
borax (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (6)
-
calcite (15)
-
dolomite (4)
-
hydrotalcite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (3)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
-
halite (1)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (3)
-
parisite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
iron minerals (3)
-
minerals (70)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
graphite (3)
-
-
nitrates (1)
-
organic minerals
-
urea (1)
-
-
oxalates (2)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (2)
-
anatase (4)
-
boehmite (1)
-
brannerite (1)
-
brucite (1)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
cuprite (1)
-
diaspore (1)
-
ferrihydrite (2)
-
ferropericlase (1)
-
goethite (7)
-
hausmannite (1)
-
hematite (9)
-
hercynite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
aluminum hydroxides (1)
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (3)
-
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (9)
-
maghemite (3)
-
magnetite (12)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
perovskite (2)
-
rutile (3)
-
spinel (2)
-
spinel group (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
uraninite (3)
-
wustite (1)
-
zincite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (13)
-
hydroxylapatite (2)
-
monazite (7)
-
whitlockite (1)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
asbestos (2)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (2)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (4)
-
clinoenstatite (1)
-
diopside (3)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
pigeonite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (2)
-
protoenstatite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
analbite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (3)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
microcline (2)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
sanidine (4)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (3)
-
bytownite (1)
-
-
-
scapolite group (1)
-
silica minerals
-
jasper (1)
-
opal
-
opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz (25)
-
-
zeolite group
-
clinoptilolite (2)
-
heulandite (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
datolite group
-
datolite (1)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (2)
-
grossular (1)
-
pyrope (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (3)
-
olivine (6)
-
-
phenakite group
-
eucryptite (1)
-
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (22)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
kornerupine (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
tourmaline group (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (10)
-
sudoite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (1)
-
beidellite (1)
-
chrysocolla (1)
-
dickite (3)
-
halloysite (3)
-
hectorite (2)
-
kaolinite (28)
-
montmorillonite (22)
-
nacrite (1)
-
nontronite (3)
-
saponite (2)
-
smectite (36)
-
vermiculite (6)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
illite (28)
-
magadiite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (9)
-
glauconite (2)
-
muscovite (10)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (4)
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
rectorite (1)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (3)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
berthierine (1)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
talc (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
anhydrite (3)
-
barite (3)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (7)
-
polyhalite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (4)
-
chalcocite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (3)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
digenite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
millerite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (19)
-
pyrrhotite (3)
-
sphalerite (4)
-
stibnite (3)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (2)
-
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
wolframite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (51)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Turkana Basin (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Cairo Egypt (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (2)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (2)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anshan China (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Guangdong China
-
Zhujiang River (1)
-
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Hebei China (1)
-
Hong Kong (1)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jilin China (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
Meishan China (1)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Horoman Complex (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
-
Hokuroku Japan (1)
-
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kitakami Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas (3)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bihar India (2)
-
Jharkhand India
-
Jharia coal field (1)
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Mysore India (1)
-
-
Madhya Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Sea of Marmara (1)
-
Sivas Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Patom Plateau (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Selenga River valley (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Gulf of Cadiz (1)
-
Gulf of Maine (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (2)
-
Nares abyssal plain (1)
-
North Sea (5)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Giles Complex (1)
-
Musgrave Block (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (2)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Mount Isa Australia (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
Gawler Craton (2)
-
-
Surat Basin (1)
-
Tanami Desert (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (3)
-
Western Australia
-
Capricorn Orogen (1)
-
Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Norseman-Wiluna Belt (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (2)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Ok Tedi Mine (1)
-
-
-
bacteria (6)
-
barite deposits (2)
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
biogeography (2)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
boron (5)
-
brines (3)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (2)
-
Nova Scotia (6)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (2)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Moose River basin (1)
-
Sudbury igneous complex (2)
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Thunder Bay District Ontario
-
-
-
-
-