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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Date
Availability
Salton Trough
Ground‐Motion Evaluation of Hybrid Seismic Velocity Models
Nature of the crust in the northern Gulf of California and Salton Trough
Improving Earthquake Forecasts during Swarms with a Duration Model
Subsurface Geometry of the San Andreas Fault in Southern California: Results from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP) and Strong Ground Motion Expectations
Dynamic Strains for Earthquake Source Characterization
Fault zone characteristics and basin complexity in the southern Salton Trough, California
Characterizing Potentially Induced Earthquake Rate Changes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, Southern California
Rapid variation in upper-mantle rheology across the San Andreas fault system and Salton Trough, southernmost California, USA
Three‐Dimensional Compressional Attenuation Model ( Q P ) for the Salton Trough, Southern California
Oceanic magmatism in sedimentary basins of the northern Gulf of California rift
Three‐Dimensional Seismic Velocity Structure and Precise Earthquake Relocations in the Salton Trough, Southern California
A post–6 Ma sediment budget for the Colorado River
Source Parameters of the Shallow 2012 Brawley Earthquake, Imperial Valley
(U-Th)/He zircon and archaeological ages for a late prehistoric eruption in the Salton Trough (California, USA)
Stratigraphic record of basin development within the San Andreas fault system: Late Cenozoic Fish Creek–Vallecito basin, southern California
Sedimentation and crustal recycling along an active oblique-rift margin: Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California
Downdip segmentation of strike-slip fault zones in the brittle crust
Early Pleistocene initiation of the San Felipe fault zone, SW Salton Trough, during reorganization of the San Andreas fault system
Late Miocene and early Pliocene sediments exposed along the lower Colorado River near Laughlin, Nevada, contain evidence that establishment of this reach of the river after 5.6 Ma involved flooding from lake spillover through a bedrock divide between Cottonwood Valley to the north and Mohave Valley to the south. Lacustrine marls interfingered with and conformably overlying a sequence of post–5.6 Ma fine-grained valley-fill deposits record an early phase of intermittent lacustrine inundation restricted to Cottonwood Valley. Limestone, mud, sand, and minor gravel of the Bouse Formation were subsequently deposited above an unconformity. At the north end of Mohave Valley, a coarse-grained, lithologically distinct fluvial conglomerate separates subaerial, locally derived fan deposits from subaqueous deposits of the Bouse Formation. We interpret this key unit as evidence for overtopping and catastrophic breaching of the paleodivide immediately before deep lacustrine inundation of both valleys. Exposures in both valleys reveal a substantial erosional unconformity that records drainage of the lake and predates the arrival of sediment of the through-going Colorado River. Subsequent river aggradation culminated in the Pliocene between 4.1 and 3.3 Ma. The stratigraphic associations and timing of this drainage transition are consistent with geochemical evidence linking lacustrine conditions to the early Colorado River, the timings of drainage integration and canyon incision on the Colorado Plateau, the arrival of Colorado River sand at its terminus in the Salton Trough, and a downstream-directed mode of river integration common in areas of crustal extension.
Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California
The late Neogene section in the Salton Trough, California, and along the lower Colorado River in Arizona is composed of marine units bracketed by nonmarine units. Microfossils from the marine deposits indicate that a marine incursion inundated the Salton Trough during the late Miocene. Water depths increased rapidly in the Miocene and eventually flooded the region now occupied by the Colorado River as far north as Parker, Arizona. Marine conditions were restricted in the Pliocene as the Colorado River filled the Salton Trough with sediments and the Gulf of California assumed its present configuration. Microfossils from the early part of this incursion include a diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers ( Amphistegina gibbosa , Uvigerina peregrina , Cassidulina delicata , and Bolivina interjuncta ), planktic foraminifers ( Globigerinoides obliquus , G. extremus , and Globigerina nepenthes ), and calcareous nannoplankton ( Discoaster brouweri , Discoaster aff. Discoaster surculus , Sphenolithus abies , and S. neoabies ), whereas microfossils in the final phase contain a less diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers that are diagnostic of marginal shallow-marine conditions ( Ammonia , Elphidium , Bolivina , Cibicides , and Quinqueloculina ). Evidence of an earlier middle Miocene marine incursion comes from reworked microfossils found near Split Mountain Gorge in the Fish Creek Gypsum ( Sphenolithus moriformis ) and near San Gorgonio Pass ( Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Sphenolithus heteromorphus and planktic foraminifers). The middle Miocene incursion may also be represented by the older marine sedimentary rocks encountered in the subsurface near Yuma, Arizona, where rare middle Miocene planktic foraminifers are found.