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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
African Platform (1)
-
Southern Africa (1)
-
West Africa
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (1)
-
Amerasia Basin (1)
-
Barents Sea
-
White Sea (2)
-
-
Kara Sea (4)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (1)
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Knipovich Ridge (1)
-
Mohns Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Franz Josef Land (6)
-
Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (2)
-
-
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Asia
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Altai Mountains (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (1)
-
-
Central Asia
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Aral Sea (1)
-
Kazakhstan
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Karachaganak Field (1)
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Tengiz Field (1)
-
-
Pamirs
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Darvaz (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation (1)
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Far East
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Mongolia (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan
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Kabul Afghanistan (1)
-
-
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Irkutsk Basin (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
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Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Taymyr Peninsula (3)
-
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Magnitogorsk Russian Federation (1)
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Middle East
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Turkey (1)
-
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Russian Far East (3)
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Siberia (8)
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Siberian Platform
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Anabar Shield (1)
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Tajikistan
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Darvaz (1)
-
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West Siberia
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Severnaya Zemlya (1)
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Siberian Lowland (1)
-
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Baltic Sea
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Gulf of Finland (1)
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Blake Plateau
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Blake Nose (1)
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North Sea (3)
-
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South Atlantic
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Walvis Ridge (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia (1)
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Bear Island (2)
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Caledonides (3)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland (1)
-
-
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Nunavut
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Ellesmere Island (1)
-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
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Caspian Basin (5)
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Caspian Sea (2)
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Aral Sea (1)
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Azerbaijan (1)
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Azov Sea (1)
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Belarus (1)
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Caucasus (6)
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Dnieper Basin (1)
-
Dnieper River (1)
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Dnieper-Donets Basin (11)
-
Donets Basin (3)
-
Kazakhstan
-
Karachaganak Field (1)
-
Tengiz Field (1)
-
-
Moscow-Pechora Syneclise (1)
-
Pripet Basin (2)
-
Russian Federation
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
-
Franz Josef Land (6)
-
Nenets Russian Federation
-
Kanin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
-
Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
-
Magnitogorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ufaley Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation (1)
-
Irkutsk Basin (1)
-
Kaliningrad Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Karelia Russian Federation
-
Belomorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Kirov Russian Federation (1)
-
Komi Russian Federation (4)
-
Kostroma Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (3)
-
-
-
Kursk magnetic anomaly (1)
-
Kursk Russian Federation (1)
-
Moscow Basin (4)
-
Moscow Syneclise (3)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (3)
-
Kola Peninsula (13)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (3)
-
-
Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
-
Northern Urals (1)
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Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Pechora Basin (2)
-
Perm Russian Federation (1)
-
Polar Urals
-
Pai-Khoi (2)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Franz Josef Land (6)
-
Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Russian Far East (3)
-
Russian Fennoscandia (13)
-
Saratov Russian Federation (1)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
Timan Ridge (11)
-
Timan-Pechora region (4)
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Uralian Foreland (2)
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Vladimir Russian Federation (2)
-
Volga region (4)
-
Volga River (1)
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Vologda Russian Federation (1)
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Voronezh Russian Federation
-
Voronezh Anteclise (7)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Anabar Shield (1)
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Scythian Platform (1)
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Tajikistan
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Darvaz (1)
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-
Timan Ridge (11)
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Transcaucasia (1)
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Ukraine
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Boltyshka Depression (1)
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Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine (1)
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Podolia (1)
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Ukrainian Carpathians (1)
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Ukrainian Shield (11)
-
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Urals
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Northern Urals (1)
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Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
Polar Urals
-
Pai-Khoi (2)
-
-
Southern Urals (5)
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Uralian Foreland (2)
-
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Volga-Ural region (1)
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West Siberia
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Severnaya Zemlya (1)
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Siberian Lowland (1)
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-
-
Don River (1)
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Eurasia (5)
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Europe
-
Alps (2)
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Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
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Franz Josef Land (6)
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Nenets Russian Federation
-
Kanin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
-
Azerbaijan (1)
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Azov Sea (1)
-
Baltic Plain (3)
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia (1)
-
-
Belarus (1)
-
Carpathian Foredeep (1)
-
Carpathians
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Ukrainian Carpathians (1)
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Caucasus (6)
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
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Bohemian Basin (1)
-
-
Germany
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Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany
-
Rugen Island (2)
-
-
-
Poland
-
Cracow Poland (1)
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Slaskie Poland
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Katowice Poland (1)
-
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Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
Upper Silesia (2)
-
-
Sudetic Basin (1)
-
Upper Silesian coal basin (1)
-
Vienna Basin (1)
-
-
Dnieper Basin (1)
-
Dnieper River (1)
-
Dnieper-Donets Basin (11)
-
Donets Basin (3)
-
Fennoscandia
-
Russian Fennoscandia (13)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (14)
-
Kaliningrad Russian Federation (1)
-
Karelia (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation
-
Belomorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Kirov Russian Federation (1)
-
Komi Russian Federation (4)
-
Kostroma Russian Federation (1)
-
Kura River (1)
-
Kursk magnetic anomaly (1)
-
Kursk Russian Federation (1)
-
Lapland (2)
-
Lublin Basin (1)
-
Moscow Basin (4)
-
Moscow Syneclise (3)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (3)
-
Kola Peninsula (13)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (3)
-
-
Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Pannonian Basin (2)
-
Pechora Basin (2)
-
Peribaltic Syneclise (1)
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Perm Russian Federation (1)
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Pripet Basin (2)
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Russian Plain (2)
-
Saratov Russian Federation (1)
-
Scythian Platform (1)
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Southern Europe
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Bulgaria (1)
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Dobruja Basin
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Romanian Dobruja (1)
-
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Balearic Islands (1)
-
-
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Italy
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Apennines (1)
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Moesian Platform (2)
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Romania
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Romanian Dobruja (1)
-
-
-
Timan Ridge (11)
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Timan-Pechora region (4)
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Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (4)
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Transcaucasia (1)
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Ukraine
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Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine (1)
-
Podolia (1)
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Ukrainian Carpathians (1)
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Ukrainian Shield (11)
-
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Variscides (2)
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Vladimir Russian Federation (2)
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Volga River (1)
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Vologda Russian Federation (1)
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Voronezh Russian Federation
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Voronezh Anteclise (7)
-
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Western Europe
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Belgium
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France
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Scandinavia
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Finland (2)
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Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
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Wales (1)
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-
-
-
McGrath Quadrangle (1)
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Mediterranean region
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Balearic Islands (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Black Sea (3)
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-
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North America
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Appalachians (1)
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North German Basin (2)
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
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West Pacific (1)
-
-
polar regions (1)
-
Roberts Mountains (1)
-
Russian Platform
-
Baltic Plain (3)
-
Dnieper-Donets Basin (11)
-
Moscow-Pechora Syneclise (1)
-
Russian Fennoscandia (13)
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Timan Ridge (11)
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Ukrainian Shield (11)
-
-
United States
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Alaska (2)
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Arkoma Basin (1)
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Nevada
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Clark County Nevada (1)
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Elko County Nevada (1)
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Eureka County Nevada (1)
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Oklahoma (1)
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Ouachita Belt (1)
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Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen (1)
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Texas (1)
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USSR (28)
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commodities
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bitumens
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clay deposits (1)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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industrial minerals (1)
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metal ores
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gold ores (3)
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platinum ores (2)
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mineral deposits, genesis (2)
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mineral exploration (1)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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oil and gas fields (6)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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phosphate deposits (1)
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placers (3)
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refractory materials (1)
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water resources (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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C-14 (3)
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organic carbon (1)
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hydrogen (3)
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isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (3)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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metals
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actinides
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alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (1)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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iron (1)
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manganese (1)
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platinum group
-
platinum ores (2)
-
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
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silver (1)
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titanium (1)
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zirconium (1)
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nitrogen (2)
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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phosphorus (1)
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Synapsida
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Therapsida (1)
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-
-
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-
coprolites (1)
-
cyanobacteria (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
-
Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
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Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (3)
-
Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata
-
Fenestellidae (2)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (9)
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (9)
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Radiolaria (1)
-
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Vermes
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Annelida (2)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
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microfossils
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Chitinozoa (2)
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Conodonta (1)
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palynomorphs
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Plantae
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Sphenopsida
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Sphenophyllum (1)
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-
-
geochronology methods
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paleomagnetism (8)
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Pb/Pb (1)
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Sm/Nd (2)
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U/Pb (10)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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geologic age
-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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-
upper Pleistocene
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upper Weichselian
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Tertiary
-
Neogene
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Miocene
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Sarmatian (1)
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Pliocene (1)
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-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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-
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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-
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Hettangian (1)
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lower Liassic (1)
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Toarcian (2)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Callovian (3)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (3)
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Oxfordian
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upper Oxfordian (1)
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (2)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Induan (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
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Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
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Tommotian (1)
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-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (4)
-
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Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
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Serpukhovian (2)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (2)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
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Gzhelian (1)
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Kasimovian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (5)
-
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Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
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Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
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lower Famennian (1)
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Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
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-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (5)
-
Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician (4)
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Upper Ordovician (1)
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Permian
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Guadalupian
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Wordian (1)
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Artinskian (1)
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Asselian (1)
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Kungurian (2)
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Sakmarian (1)
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Leonardian (1)
-
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Toroweap Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
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Changhsingian (1)
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-
Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
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-
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Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
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Wenlock (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (1)
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-
-
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Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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upper Precambrian
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Ediacaran (8)
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-
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Paleoproterozoic (17)
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-
-
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Yudomian (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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feldspathoid rocks (3)
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kimberlite (1)
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picrite (2)
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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tonalite
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trondhjemite (1)
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gabbros
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norite (4)
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troctolite (1)
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granites
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biotite granite (1)
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charnockite (1)
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I-type granites (1)
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rapakivi (1)
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granodiorites (1)
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ijolite (1)
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lamproite (1)
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monzodiorite (1)
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monzonites
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mangerite (1)
-
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syenites
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nepheline syenite
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agpaite (1)
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-
-
ultramafics
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (1)
-
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pyroxenite (3)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites
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boninite (1)
-
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basalts
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses (5)
-
granulites (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metakomatiite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
-
arsenides
-
sperrylite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
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eudialyte (1)
-
-
fluorides (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
chromite (1)
-
hoegbomite (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
perovskite (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
tantalates (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (3)
-
crandallite (3)
-
florencite (2)
-
goyazite (2)
-
monazite (1)
-
plumbogummite (1)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (3)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (2)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
microcline (2)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
natrolite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (4)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (8)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
melilite group (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (3)
-
-
clay minerals
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (1)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (4)
-
mica group (1)
-
palygorskite (1)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
svanbergite (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
galena (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tellurides (3)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (16)
-
Africa
-
African Platform (1)
-
Southern Africa (1)
-
West Africa
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
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Alpha Cordillera (1)
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Amerasia Basin (1)
-
Barents Sea
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White Sea (2)
-
-
Kara Sea (4)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (1)
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Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (1)
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Norwegian Sea
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Knipovich Ridge (1)
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Mohns Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
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Northern Greenland (1)
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West Greenland (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
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Franz Josef Land (6)
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Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (2)
-
-
-
Asia
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Altai Mountains (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (1)
-
-
Central Asia
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Aral Sea (1)
-
Kazakhstan
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Karachaganak Field (1)
-
Tengiz Field (1)
-
-
Pamirs
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Darvaz (1)
-
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan
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Kabul Afghanistan (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Basin (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (3)
-
-
-
Magnitogorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Middle East
-
Turkey (1)
-
-
Russian Far East (3)
-
Siberia (8)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
Tajikistan
-
Darvaz (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea
-
Gulf of Finland (1)
-
-
Blake Plateau
-
Blake Nose (1)
-
-
North Sea (3)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
-
biogeography (3)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Caspian Sea (2)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Older Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Sarmatian (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (1)
-
continental drift (3)
-
continental shelf (3)
-
coprolites (1)
-
crust (31)
-
crystal chemistry (5)
-
crystal growth (3)
-
crystal structure (6)
-
data processing (6)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 74
-
DSDP Site 527 (1)
-
DSDP Site 528 (1)
-
-
-
-
deformation (8)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
earthquakes (5)
-
economic geology (1)
-
epeirogeny (1)
-
Eurasia (5)
-
Europe
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Alps (2)
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
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Franz Josef Land (6)
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Nenets Russian Federation
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Kanin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Novaya Zemlya (4)
-
-
Azerbaijan (1)
-
Azov Sea (1)
-
Baltic Plain (3)
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia (1)
-
-
Belarus (1)
-
Carpathian Foredeep (1)
-
Carpathians
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Ukrainian Carpathians (1)
-
-
Caucasus (6)
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
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Bohemian Basin (1)
-
-
Germany
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Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany
-
Rugen Island (2)
-
-
-
Poland
-
Cracow Poland (1)
-
Slaskie Poland
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Katowice Poland (1)
-
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
Upper Silesia (2)
-
-
Sudetic Basin (1)
-
Upper Silesian coal basin (1)
-
Vienna Basin (1)
-
-
Dnieper Basin (1)
-
Dnieper River (1)
-
Dnieper-Donets Basin (11)
-
Donets Basin (3)
-
Fennoscandia
-
Russian Fennoscandia (13)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (14)
-
Kaliningrad Russian Federation (1)
-
Karelia (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation
-
Belomorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Kirov Russian Federation (1)
-
Komi Russian Federation (4)
-
Kostroma Russian Federation (1)
-
Kura River (1)
-
Kursk magnetic anomaly (1)
-
Kursk Russian Federation (1)
-
Lapland (2)
-
Lublin Basin (1)
-
Moscow Basin (4)
-
Moscow Syneclise (3)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (3)
-
Kola Peninsula (13)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (3)
-
-
Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Pannonian Basin (2)
-
Pechora Basin (2)
-
Peribaltic Syneclise (1)
-
Perm Russian Federation (1)
-
Pripet Basin (2)
-
Russian Plain (2)
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Saratov Russian Federation (1)
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Scythian Platform (1)
-
Southern Europe
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Bulgaria (1)
-
Dobruja Basin
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Romanian Dobruja (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Balearic Islands (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
-
Moesian Platform (2)
-
Romania
-
Apuseni Mountains (1)
-
Romanian Dobruja (1)
-
-
-
Timan Ridge (11)
-
Timan-Pechora region (4)
-
Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (4)
-
Transcaucasia (1)
-
Ukraine
-
Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine (1)
-
Podolia (1)
-
Ukrainian Carpathians (1)
-
Ukrainian Shield (11)
-
-
Variscides (2)
-
Vladimir Russian Federation (2)
-
Volga River (1)
-
Vologda Russian Federation (1)
-
Voronezh Russian Federation
-
Voronezh Anteclise (7)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Brabant Massif (1)
-
-
France
-
Central Massif (1)
-
Paris Basin (2)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland (2)
-
Norway
-
Finnmark Norway
-
Varanger Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
London Basin (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
explosions (4)
-
faults (16)
-
folds (4)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (5)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geophysical methods (24)
-
glacial geology (5)
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (2)
-
heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
hydrogen (3)
-
ichnofossils (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (3)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (1)
-
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (4)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (1)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (3)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions (2)
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (10)
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (3)
-
Bryozoa
-
Cryptostomata
-
Fenestellidae (2)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (1)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (9)
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (9)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
magmas (6)
-
mantle (16)
-
maps (2)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Balearic Islands (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (3)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Santonian (2)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Toarcian (2)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (3)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (3)
-
Oxfordian
-
upper Oxfordian (1)
-
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (3)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron (1)
-
manganese (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
-
-
silver (1)
-
titanium (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses (5)
-
granulites (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metakomatiite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
-
metamorphism (14)
-
metasomatism (3)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (3)
-
nitrogen (2)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (1)
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Craton (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
ocean basins (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 171B
-
ODP Site 1049 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (3)
-
oil and gas fields (6)
-
orogeny (12)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
West Pacific (1)
-
-
paleobotany (2)
-
paleoclimatology (8)
-
paleoecology (6)
-
paleogeography (15)
-
paleomagnetism (8)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (4)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (2)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (2)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (5)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (5)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (4)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Asselian (1)
-
Kungurian (2)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (2)
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores (1)
-
-
paragenesis (3)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
phase equilibria (2)
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
placers (3)
-
Plantae
-
algae (2)
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Archaeopteris (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (23)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Vendian (13)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (17)
-
-
-
-
reefs (1)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (14)
-
sedimentary petrology (3)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (3)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
limestone (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (1)
-
-
phosphate rocks (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
black shale (2)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
mudstone (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (3)
-
shale (5)
-
siltstone (2)
-
-
coal (3)
-
gas shale (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
-
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Russian Platform
3D controlled-source electromagnetic inversion in the radio-frequency band
Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy of Permian–Triassic Reference Sections in the Central Russian Plate: Zhukov Ravine, Slukino, and Okskiy Siyezd
Paleozoic orogenies and relative plate motions at the sutures of the Iapetus-Rheic Ocean
ABSTRACT Early Ordovician to late Permian orogenies at different plate-boundary zones of western Pangea affected continental crust derived from the plates of North America (Laurentia), Europe (East European Craton including Baltica plus Arctida), and Gondwana. The diachronic orogenic processes comprised stages of intraoceanic subduction, formation and accretion of island arcs, and collision of several continents. Using established plate-tectonic models proposed for different regions and time spans, we provide for the first time a generic model that explains the tectonics of the entire Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone in a consistent way. We combined the plate kinematic model of the Pannotia-Pangea supercontinent cycle with geologic constraints from the different Paleozoic orogens. In terms of oceanic lithosphere, the Iapetus Ocean is subdivided into an older segment (I) and a younger (II) segment. Early Cambrian subduction of the Iapetus I and the Tornquist oceans at active plate boundaries of the East European Craton triggered the breakup of Pannotia, formation of Iapetus II, and the separation of Gondwana from Laurentia. Prolonged subduction of Iapetus I (ca. 530 –430 Ma) culminated in the Scandian collision of the Greenland-Scandinavian Caledonides of Laurussia. Due to plate-tectonic reorganization at ca. 500 Ma, seafloor spreading of Iapetus II ceased, and the Rheic Ocean opened. This complex opening scenario included the transformation of passive continental margins into active ones and culminated in the Ordovician Taconic and Famatinian accretionary orogenies at the peri-Laurentian margin and at the South American edge of Gondwana, respectively. Rifting along the Avalonian-Cadomian belt of peri-Gondwana resulted in the separation of West Avalonian arc terranes and the East Avalonian continent. The vast African/Arabian shelf was affected by intracontinental extension and remained on the passive peri-Gondwana margin of the Rheic Ocean. The final assembly of western Pangea was characterized by the prolonged and diachronous closure of the Rheic Ocean (ca. 400–270 Ma). Continental collision started within the Variscan-Acadian segment of the Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone. Subsequent zipper-style suturing affected the Gondwanan Mauritanides and the conjugate Laurentian margin from north to south. In the Appalachians, previously accreted island-arc terranes were affected by Alleghanian thrusting. The fold-and-thrust belts of southern Laurentia, i.e., the Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogenic system, evolved from the transformation of a vast continental shelf area into a collision zone. From a geodynamic point of view, an intrinsic feature of the model is that initial breakup of Pannotia, as well as the assembly of western Pangea, was facilitated by subduction and seafloor spreading at the leading and the trailing edges of the North American plate and Gondwana, respectively. Slab pull as the plate-driving force is sufficient to explain the entire Pannotia–western Pangea supercontinent cycle for the proposed scenario.