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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
Nile River (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Kharga Oasis (1)
-
-
Tunisia
-
Tunis Tunisia (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
Vaal River (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Fram Strait (1)
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (1)
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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Greenland ice sheet (3)
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Sondre Stromfjord (1)
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West Greenland (1)
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Asia
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Brahmaputra River (1)
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Far East
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China
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Anhui China (1)
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Hong Kong (1)
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Okayama Japan (1)
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Shiga Japan (2)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Thailand (1)
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Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Tamil Nadu India
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Nepal (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Israel (1)
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Turkey
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Yenisei River (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Australasia
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Australia
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New Zealand
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Black Hills (1)
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Black Sea region (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (3)
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Eastern Canada
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James Bay Lowlands (1)
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Ontario (3)
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Quebec
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-
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Nunavut
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-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Western Canada
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Alberta (2)
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British Columbia (4)
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Northwest Territories (5)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Hispaniola
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Haiti (1)
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Puerto Rico
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Central America
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Belize
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Guatemala
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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-
-
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Cornwallis Island (1)
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Don River (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kohala (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
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Central Alps
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Central Europe
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Austria
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Czech Republic
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Germany (1)
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Sudeten Mountains
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Switzerland
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Valais Switzerland
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-
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Dnieper River (1)
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Italy
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Tuscany Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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England
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Scotland
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Grampian Highlands (1)
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-
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Wales
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South Wales (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
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-
-
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Grand Canyon (1)
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Green River (2)
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Green River basin (1)
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Guadalupe Mountains (1)
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Mackenzie River (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (3)
-
-
-
Mexico
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Mexico state
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Federal District Mexico
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Mexico City Mexico (1)
-
-
-
-
Midlands (1)
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Mill Creek (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Catskill Mountains (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (4)
-
Chihuahuan Desert (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Huron (1)
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Lake Michigan (1)
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-
Great Plains (2)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
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Rio Grande Rift (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range (1)
-
-
-
Yukon River (1)
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kohala (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Norton Sound (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea
-
Norton Sound (1)
-
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Norton Sound (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific (1)
-
-
Redwood Creek (1)
-
Russian Platform
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Dnieper-Donets Basin (1)
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Salt River (1)
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San Pedro River (2)
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Santa Cruz River (1)
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Sierra Nevada (2)
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South America
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Andes
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Eastern Cordillera (1)
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Southern Andes (1)
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Argentina
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Jujuy Argentina (1)
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Chile
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Coquimbo Chile (1)
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United States
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Alabama
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Alaska (5)
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Arizona
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Cochise County Arizona (1)
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Maricopa County Arizona
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Arkansas
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California
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Humboldt County California (1)
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Northern California (2)
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Santa Barbara County California (2)
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Santa Monica Mountains (1)
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Southern California (3)
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Stanislaus County California (1)
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Transverse Ranges (1)
-
Ventura County California
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Yosemite National Park (1)
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Chattahoochee River (1)
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Colorado
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Elbert County Colorado (1)
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Park County Colorado (1)
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Colorado Plateau (6)
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-
Eastern U.S.
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Northeastern U.S. (1)
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-
Florida
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Dixie County Florida (1)
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Everglades (1)
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Lafayette County Florida (2)
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Miami-Dade County Florida
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Miami Florida (1)
-
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South Florida Basin (1)
-
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Georgia
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-
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Gila River (2)
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Great Smoky Mountains (1)
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Hawaii
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Kohala (1)
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho
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Illinois
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Cook County Illinois
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Monroe County Indiana (1)
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Orange County Indiana (1)
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Iowa
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Kentucky
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Harlan County Kentucky (1)
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Maryland
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Frederick County Maryland (1)
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Massachusetts
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Midwest (2)
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Montana
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Butte mining district (1)
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Custer County Montana (1)
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Nebraska
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Pennsylvania
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Southwestern U.S. (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-14 (4)
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organic carbon (5)
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halogens
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chlorine
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hydrogen
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deuterium (3)
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isotope ratios (18)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (4)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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D/H (3)
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deuterium (3)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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Os-187/Os-186 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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metals
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (2)
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potassium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (4)
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Be-7 (1)
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calcium (1)
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magnesium (2)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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arsenic (1)
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cadmium (2)
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copper (2)
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lead
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mercury (3)
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palladium (1)
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platinum (1)
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rhodium (1)
-
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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zinc (2)
-
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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phosphorus (1)
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silicon (1)
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trace metals (4)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Gastropoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Uvigerinidae
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Uvigerina (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
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Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
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-
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Radiolaria (1)
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-
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microfossils (4)
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Plantae
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algae
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae (1)
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Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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-
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Weichselian
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-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
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Tertiary
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Challis Volcanics (1)
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Muddy Creek Formation (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Ash Hollow Formation (1)
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upper Miocene (1)
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene
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Yegua Formation (1)
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-
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Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene (2)
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-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (1)
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-
-
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian (1)
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Conemaugh Group (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Pottsville Group (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
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-
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Devonian
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Old Red Sandstone (1)
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Dunkard Group (1)
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Permian
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Glorieta Sandstone (1)
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Guadalupian
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Bell Canyon Formation (1)
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-
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Taiyuan Formation (1)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Great Smoky Group (1)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic ash (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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minerals
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silicates
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sulfates
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schwertmannite (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (2)
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (5)
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Africa
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Central Africa (1)
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Tanzania (1)
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Nile River (1)
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North Africa
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runoff
Control of climate events caused by the volcano on organic matter enrichment in the lacustrine source rocks of the Ordos Basin, central China
Rates and processes controlling periglacial alluvial fan formation: Implications for martian fans
Assessment of Logistic Regression Model Performance and Physical Controls on January 9, 2018, Debris Flows, Thomas Fire, California
Application of a Hydrological Model for Estimating Infiltration for Debris Flow Initiation: A Case Study from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee
Considering Engineering Geology Input for Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessments
Erosion due to a century of road construction and maintenance at Mount Diablo State Park, California
ABSTRACT Mount Diablo State Park exemplifies many other conservation areas where managers balance the dual missions of protecting natural resources while providing public access. Roads and trails that crisscross the park are etched into the geomorphic surface, capturing and redirecting storm runoff, and presenting both a challenge for soil conservation and a consequence of construction and maintenance. We used field mapping, remote sensing, and modeling to assess erosion along the roads and trails in Mount Diablo State Park, which encompasses the headwaters of several urbanized watersheds. The field mapping in 2011 determined that 56% of the assessed roads and trails required either repair or reconstruction to control erosion and that ~67% of the culverts in the park required either repair or replacement. Aerial photography and modeling showed that other erosion (unrelated to roads or trails) preferentially occurred during wet periods, in specific lithologies, and on convergent slopes. Although lithology and climate drive slope-forming geomorphic processes, we found that the road and trail system (1) expanded the stream network with a capillary-like system of rills, (2) catalyzed prolonged erosion, and (3) altered the timing and pattern of sediment yield. In addition to water-driven erosion during wet periods, road and trail surfaces were subject to mechanical and wind erosion during dry periods. Spatially, dry erosion and runoff both conformed with and crossed topographic gradients by following the road and trail network. Road- and trail-induced erosion occurred across a wider range of rock properties and slope geometries than is typical for other erosion. Hence, the roads and trails have expanded the spatial and temporal boundary conditions over which geomorphic processes operate and, due to continual soil disturbance, have accelerated erosion rates. Although road density is a commonly used metric to rank road-related impacts at watershed scales, it misses both spatial variability and the opportunity to identify specific road and trail segments for remediation. We developed a spatially explicit scoring scheme based on actual erosion and the potential for sedimentation of discrete waterbodies. The data were incorporated into the park’s road and trail management plan in 2016.
ABSTRACT Failure-prone Cenozoic volcanic rocks distributed across central Idaho, USA, promote large landslides, consequent drainage impoundment, and the formation of regionally asynchronous landslide-dammed lakes. Examination of sedimentary records shows that extant lakes formed in this way exhibit high primary productivity relative to other lakes in the region, apparently sustained through relatively elevated watershed phosphorous loading and the contribution of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The resulting high rates of sediment and carbon accumulation exceed those found in regional lakes formed by other processes and underlain by other bedrock lithologies lower in phosphorous. These unusually high biogenic sediment accumulation rates produce highly resolved, often annually laminated sedimentary sequences. The result is a high-resolution temporal matrix for the runoff-intensity signal of episodically delivered, watershed-derived clastic sediment. Elemental analysis by core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) effectively highlights these clastic pulses, and spectral analysis of lithogenic elemental intensities indicates they carry spectral power (including significant harmonic signals) concentrated in the 3–5 yr period. Patterns shown by episodic sediment delivery events support winter snowpack as a modulator of late Holocene sediment export from these watersheds.