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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Antarctica
-
Amery Ice Shelf (1)
-
Amundsen Sea (3)
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (6)
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (3)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (6)
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
James Ross Island (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land
-
Siple Dome (1)
-
-
Pine Island Glacier (1)
-
Ross Ice Shelf
-
McMurdo Ice Shelf (3)
-
-
Ross Island
-
McMurdo Station (1)
-
-
South Orkney Islands (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (2)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (6)
-
Victoria Land
-
Cape Roberts (1)
-
McMurdo dry valleys (4)
-
Terra Nova Bay (2)
-
-
West Antarctica (10)
-
Wilkes Land (4)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Arthur Harbor (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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South Atlantic (2)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Falkland Islands (1)
-
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Australasia
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Australia
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Otway Basin (1)
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Tasmania Australia (1)
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New Zealand (1)
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Broken Ridge (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Northern Norway (1)
-
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Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland (1)
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-
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Indian Ocean
-
Mid-Indian Ridge (1)
-
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International Ocean Discovery Program (3)
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Kerguelen Plateau (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
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-
Mount Erebus (2)
-
North America
-
Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Laramie Mountains (1)
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Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (2)
-
-
-
-
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (1)
-
polar regions (1)
-
Scotia Sea (1)
-
Scotia Sea Islands
-
South Orkney Islands (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (2)
-
-
-
South America
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
South Island (1)
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Bellingshausen Sea (1)
-
Bransfield Strait (1)
-
Prydz Bay (2)
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (46)
-
Victoria Land Basin (6)
-
-
Weddell Sea (5)
-
-
Southern Uplands (1)
-
Stewart Island (1)
-
Taylor Valley (1)
-
United States
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Laramie Mountains (1)
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Wind River Range (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
Zealandia (1)
-
-
commodities
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aggregate (1)
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brines (4)
-
energy sources (3)
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-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (10)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (10)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
rubidium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves
-
Neornithes
-
Neognathae
-
Sphenisciformes (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Ophiomorpha (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Pectinacea
-
Pectinidae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
-
Allogromiina (2)
-
Miliolina
-
Miliolacea
-
Miliolidae (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Globocassidulina
-
Globocassidulina subglobosa (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae (1)
-
-
Orbitoidacea
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Cibicides (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina (2)
-
-
Radiolaria (3)
-
-
-
microfossils (26)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Dinoflagellata (3)
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miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
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diatoms (11)
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nannofossils (2)
-
Pyrrhophyta (1)
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-
-
Pterobranchia (1)
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thallophytes (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (9)
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exposure age (1)
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fission-track dating (1)
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K/Ar (1)
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paleomagnetism (7)
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Sr/Sr (1)
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tephrochronology (2)
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thermochronology (3)
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U/Pb (1)
-
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (3)
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middle Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (1)
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-
-
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
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-
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Sirius Group (1)
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene (5)
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middle Miocene (6)
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upper Miocene (1)
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Pliocene
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Gauss Chron (1)
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upper Pliocene (2)
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upper Neogene (1)
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-
Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (3)
-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (3)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
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Lower Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian (3)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (3)
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gabbros (1)
-
granites (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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hawaiite (1)
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-
-
basanite (1)
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benmoreite (1)
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glasses
-
palagonite (1)
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volcanic glass (2)
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-
pyroclastics
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pumice (1)
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tuff (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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trachytes (1)
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-
-
volcanic ash (2)
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-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
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metaigneous rocks (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (2)
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mylonites
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pseudotachylite (1)
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-
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turbidite (2)
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-
minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (2)
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phosphates
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apatite (1)
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-
silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group (2)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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anorthoclase (1)
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K-feldspar (3)
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sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
opal (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (2)
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kaolinite (2)
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montmorillonite (2)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (4)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (2)
-
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (21)
-
Antarctica
-
Amery Ice Shelf (1)
-
Amundsen Sea (3)
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (6)
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (3)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (6)
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
James Ross Island (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land
-
Siple Dome (1)
-
-
Pine Island Glacier (1)
-
Ross Ice Shelf
-
McMurdo Ice Shelf (3)
-
-
Ross Island
-
McMurdo Station (1)
-
-
South Orkney Islands (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (2)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (6)
-
Victoria Land
-
Cape Roberts (1)
-
McMurdo dry valleys (4)
-
Terra Nova Bay (2)
-
-
West Antarctica (10)
-
Wilkes Land (4)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
South Atlantic (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Otway Basin (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
brines (4)
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (3)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Sirius Group (1)
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (5)
-
middle Miocene (6)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (1)
-
upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (3)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves
-
Neornithes
-
Neognathae
-
Sphenisciformes (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (2)
-
climate change (7)
-
conservation (1)
-
continental drift (2)
-
continental shelf (8)
-
crust (9)
-
crystal chemistry (2)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
Leg 28
-
DSDP Site 270 (2)
-
DSDP Site 272 (1)
-
DSDP Site 273 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (1)
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diagenesis (6)
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ecology (8)
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economic geology (2)
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energy sources (3)
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engineering geology (1)
-
Europe
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Northern Norway (1)
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-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (4)
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fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (15)
-
geochronology (5)
-
geomorphology (5)
-
geophysical methods (16)
-
geophysics (1)
-
glacial geology (28)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (2)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
ichnofossils
-
Ophiomorpha (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (3)
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (1)
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Mid-Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expedition 318
-
IODP Site U1356 (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (4)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Pectinacea
-
Pectinidae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Allogromiina (2)
-
Miliolina
-
Miliolacea
-
Miliolidae (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Globocassidulina
-
Globocassidulina subglobosa (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae (1)
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Cibicides (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina (2)
-
-
Radiolaria (3)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (10)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
lava (4)
-
magmas (1)
-
mantle (1)
-
marine geology (2)
-
marine installations (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (3)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
rubidium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (2)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
-
metasomatism (4)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
North America
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
-
ocean circulation (2)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 114 (1)
-
Leg 119 (1)
-
Leg 183 (1)
-
Leg 188
-
ODP Site 1165 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (4)
-
oceanography (5)
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (2)
-
-
-
-
paleobotany (2)
-
paleoclimatology (23)
-
paleoecology (9)
-
paleogeography (3)
-
paleomagnetism (7)
-
paleontology (8)
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian (3)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (3)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
permafrost (2)
-
petrology (4)
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (11)
-
nannofossils (2)
-
Pyrrhophyta (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (7)
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
remote sensing (3)
-
sea water (2)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (3)
-
sedimentary petrology (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites
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salt (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
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conglomerate (2)
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diamictite (5)
-
mudstone (3)
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sandstone (5)
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siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (3)
-
-
-
sedimentation (16)
-
sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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boulders (1)
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clay (2)
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diamicton (7)
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drift (1)
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erratics (2)
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mud (4)
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ooze (2)
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pebbles (1)
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sand (2)
-
silt (2)
-
till (7)
-
-
marine sediments (26)
-
-
shorelines (1)
-
South America
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Bellingshausen Sea (1)
-
Bransfield Strait (1)
-
Prydz Bay (2)
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (46)
-
Victoria Land Basin (6)
-
-
Weddell Sea (5)
-
-
stratigraphy (9)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (3)
-
thallophytes (2)
-
United States
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
weathering (1)
-
well-logging (1)
-
-
rock formations
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Taylor Group (1)
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Ross Sea
East Antarctic Ice Sheet variability during the middle Miocene Climate Transition captured in drill cores from the Friis Hills, Transantarctic Mountains
Reconciling persistent sub-zero temperatures in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, with Neogene dynamic marine ice-sheet fluctuations
Abstract In the last two centuries, demographic expansion and extensive urbanization of volcanic areas have increased the exposure of our society to volcanic hazards. Antarctica is no exception. During the last decades, the permanent settlement and seasonal presence of scientists, technicians, tourists and logistical personnel close to active volcanoes in the south polar region have increased notably. This has led to an escalation in the number of people and the amount of infrastructure exposed to potential eruptions. This requires advancement of our knowledge of the volcanic and magmatic history of Antarctic active volcanoes, significant improvement of the monitoring networks, and development of long-term hazard assessments and vulnerability analyses to carry out the required mitigation actions, and to elaborate on the most appropriate response plans to reduce loss of life and infrastructure during a future volcanic crisis. This chapter provides a brief summary of the active volcanic systems in Antarctica, highlighting their main volcanological features, which monitoring systems are deployed (if any), and recent (i.e. Holocene and/or historical) eruptive activity or unrest episodes. To conclude, some notes about the volcanic hazard assessments carried out so far on south polar volcanoes are also included, along with recommendations for specific actions and ongoing research on active Antarctic volcanism.
Abstract The Lower Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province consists predominantly of intrusive rocks, which crop out over a distance of 3500 km. In comparison, extrusive rocks are more restricted geographically. Geochemically, the province is divided into the Mount Fazio Chemical Type, forming more than 99% of the exposed province, and the Scarab Peak Chemical Type, which in the Ross Sea sector is restricted to the uppermost lava. The former exhibits a range of compositions (SiO 2 = 52–59%; MgO = 9.2–2.6%; Zr = 60–175 ppm; Sr i = 0.7081–0.7138; ε Nd = −6.0 to −3.8), whereas the latter has a restricted composition (SiO 2 = c. 58%; MgO = c. 2.3%; Zr = c. 230 ppm; Sr i = 0.7090–0.7097; ε Nd = −4.4 to −4.1). Both chemical types are characterized by enriched initial isotope compositions of neodymium and strontium, low abundances of high field strength elements, and crust-like trace element patterns. The most basic rocks, olivine-bearing dolerites, indicate that these geochemical characteristics were inherited from a mantle source modified by subduction processes, possibly the incorporation of sediment. In one model, magmas were derived from a linear source having multiple sites of generation each of which evolved to yield, in sum, the province-wide coherent geochemistry. The preferred interpretation is that the remarkably coherent geochemistry and short duration of emplacement demonstrate derivation from a single source inferred to have been located in the proto-Weddell Sea region. The spatial variation in geochemical characteristics of the lavas suggests distinct magma batches erupted at the surface, whereas no clear geographical pattern is evident for intrusive rocks.
Abstract We review here data and information on Antarctic volcanism resulting from recent tephrostratigraphic investigations on marine cores. Records include deep drill cores recovered during oceanographic expeditions: DSDP, ODP and IODP drill cores recovered during ice-based and land-based international cooperative drilling programmes DVDP 15, MSSTS-1, CIROS-1 and CIROS-2, DVDP 15, CRP-1, CRP-2/2A and CRP-3, ANDRILL-MIS and ANDRILL-SMS, and shallow gravity and piston cores recovered in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic oceans. We report on the identification of visible volcaniclastic horizons and, in particular, of primary tephra within the marine sequences. Where available, the results of analyses carried out on these products are presented. The volcanic material identified differs in its nature, composition and emplacement mechanisms. It was derived from different sources on the Antarctic continent and was emplaced over a wide time span. Marine sediments contain a more complete record of the explosive activity from Antarctic volcanoes and are complementary to those obtained by land-based studies. This record provides important information for volcanological reconstructions including approximate intensities and magnitudes of eruptions, and their duration, age and recurrence, as well as their eruptive dynamics. In addition, characterized tephra layers represent an invaluable chronological tool essential in establishing correlations between different archives and in synchronizing climate records.
Early and middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the Ross Sea: Results from integrated core-log-seismic interpretation
Regional-scale abrupt Mid-Holocene ice sheet thinning in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
Ancient Adélie penguin colony revealed by snowmelt at Cape Irizar, Ross Sea, Antarctica
Lack of synsedimentary chemical alteration in polar carbonates (Ross Sea, Antarctica): Resolution of a conundrum
A significant acceleration of ice volume discharge preceded a major retreat of a West Antarctic paleo–ice stream
Two Rare Pustulose/spinose Morphotypes of Benthic Foraminifera from Eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica
The local Last Glacial Maximum in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for ice-sheet behavior in the Ross Sea Embayment
Late-glacial grounding line retreat in the northern Ross Sea, Antarctica
Abstract: This study investigates the Neogene strata of the AND-2A core recovered by the ANDRILL–Southern McMurdo Sound Project in the Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, as an analog for assessing controls on reservoir quality in glacimarine deposits. The succession comprises a series of depositional sequences formed in marine environments within a failed rift under the influence of repeated advances and retreats of glacial ice, with attendant changes in sea level and sediment supply. Stratal cycles (sequences) typically follow a vertical succession from a basal diamictite deposited in ice-proximal settings fining upward into shoreface sandstone, muddy sandstone, and mudrock. The fining-upward sequence then coarsens upward into coastal and nearshore muddy sandstones and sandstones. Changes in paleoclimate mode through the Neogene caused variations in sequence development, including changes in sequence thickness, variety and range of facies, changes in the completeness of sequences, and changes in the proportion and character of diamictites. Results show that reservoir quality in glacimarine sandstone is dramatically affected by the presence of diagenetic carbonate precipitated during burial from connate cryogenic brine. Strong correlations exist between carbonate cement abundance, paleoclimate, and sequence stratigraphic systems tract. Sandstones that formed during the coldest (polar and subpolar) climate regimes have relatively low porosities (<15%) due to occlusion of pore space by carbonate cement. Decreased production and deposition of mud-sized material during the coldest climate conditions produced sequences characterized by higher overall permeability that were prone to infiltration by brine upon burial, leading to cementation. By contrast, the sandstones formed during relatively temperate climate regimes preserve higher porosities (25–45%) and lack significant cementation. Sequence stratigraphic relationships indicate that these porous sandstones are best developed in highstand delta systems that formed during ice minima. Individual sandstone bodies, which extend laterally over several kilometers, are enclosed by muddy lithologies. Porosity in these sandstones was retained as a result of discharge of dilute meltwater during deposition and subsequent isolation of sands between impermeable barriers. Trends identified in this study may prove useful in predicting and locating target reservoirs in other glaciogenic and glacimarine settings worldwide.