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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
Limpopo Basin (2)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Nile River (2)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Johannesburg South Africa (2)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (3)
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
-
-
Alpine Fault (3)
-
Antarctica
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Kara Sea (2)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Arctic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Angara River (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Riyadh Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
-
Baikal region (2)
-
Brahmaputra River (7)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (6)
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Gansu China
-
Lanzhou China (1)
-
-
Huang He (2)
-
Jiangsu China
-
Nanjing China (1)
-
-
Xizang China (6)
-
Yangtze River (3)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Malay Peninsula
-
West Malaysia
-
Perak Malaysia
-
Kinta Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Malaysia
-
West Malaysia
-
Perak Malaysia
-
Kinta Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (2)
-
-
-
Taiwan
-
Taiwanese Central Range (4)
-
-
-
Ganges River (3)
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (2)
-
High Himalayan Crystallines (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (2)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (3)
-
Bengal (1)
-
Ganga Basin (1)
-
Godavari River (1)
-
India
-
Bhagirathi River (1)
-
Bihar India (2)
-
Bundelkhand (1)
-
Cauvery Basin (1)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
Western Ghats (2)
-
-
Goa India (1)
-
Gujarat India (2)
-
Jharkhand India (1)
-
Karnataka India (2)
-
Kerala India (2)
-
Krishna River (2)
-
Madhya Pradesh India (1)
-
Maharashtra India
-
Poona India (1)
-
-
Narmada River (1)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Tamil Nadu India (3)
-
Uttar Pradesh India (3)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (2)
-
-
Yamuna River (4)
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (3)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (3)
-
Kashmir Valley (1)
-
Ladakh (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (2)
-
-
Kosi Basin (1)
-
Nepal (6)
-
Pakistan (4)
-
Thar Desert (1)
-
-
Indus River (3)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (6)
-
Lake Baikal (5)
-
Lena River (1)
-
Main Central Thrust (1)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (2)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Lebanon (1)
-
Syria (1)
-
-
Ob River (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (2)
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siwalik Range (2)
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (4)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1)
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Southwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Hierro (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (3)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Burdekin River (1)
-
-
South Australia (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (2)
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Haast River (1)
-
Ruapehu (3)
-
Torlesse Terrane (1)
-
Waipaoa River (2)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
Bow River valley (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
James Bay Lowlands (4)
-
Maritime Provinces (1)
-
Ontario
-
Bruce Peninsula (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Quebec City Quebec (1)
-
Saguenay Valley (2)
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay Lowlands (2)
-
Ungava (2)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Athabasca River (1)
-
Fort McMurray Alberta (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Lac du Bonnet Batholith (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
Saskatchewan (3)
-
Saskatchewan River (1)
-
South Saskatchewan River (1)
-
Yukon Territory
-
Kluane Lake (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Jamaica (2)
-
Puerto Rico (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (7)
-
Central America
-
Panama (2)
-
-
Central Valley (1)
-
Chalk Aquifer (5)
-
Clearwater River (1)
-
Coast Ranges (4)
-
Colorado River (9)
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Columbia River (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Angara River (1)
-
Baikal region (2)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (6)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (6)
-
Lake Baikal (5)
-
Lena River (1)
-
Ob River (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Crater Lake (2)
-
Cumberland Basin (1)
-
Death Valley (1)
-
Deschutes River (1)
-
East Coast Basin (1)
-
Eel River (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps
-
Cottian Alps (1)
-
Ligurian Alps (1)
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
-
-
Carpathians
-
Eastern Carpathians (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Hesse Germany (1)
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany (1)
-
Weser River (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Ticino Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Jutland (4)
-
Moldavia
-
Suceava Romania (1)
-
-
Moselle River (1)
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Duero Basin (1)
-
Duero River (1)
-
Iberian pyrite belt (1)
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Huelva Spain
-
Rio Tinto Spain (2)
-
-
-
Castilla y Leon Spain
-
Salamanca Spain (1)
-
Zamora Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Central Apennines (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy
-
Ligurian Alps (1)
-
-
Lombardy Italy
-
Sondrio Italy (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy (1)
-
Umbria Italy (1)
-
Valle d'Aosta Italy (2)
-
-
Romania
-
Suceava Romania (1)
-
-
Slovenia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Cottian Alps (1)
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (1)
-
Auvergne (1)
-
Brittany (1)
-
Cantal France
-
Cantal Massif (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Cantal Massif (1)
-
-
Finistere France (1)
-
Normandy (2)
-
Paris Basin (2)
-
Savoie France (1)
-
-
Iceland
-
Grimsvotn (1)
-
Laki (1)
-
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
Meuse River (1)
-
Meuse Valley (1)
-
Netherlands
-
Limburg Netherlands
-
Maastricht Netherlands (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark
-
Sjaelland (1)
-
-
Finland
-
Ostrobothnia Finland (1)
-
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Cotswold Hills (1)
-
Cumbria England (1)
-
Devon England (1)
-
Dorset England (1)
-
East Anglia (1)
-
Gloucestershire England (1)
-
Lincolnshire England (1)
-
Newcastle England (1)
-
Somerset England (1)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands
-
Cairngorm Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Wales (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Fraser River (1)
-
Front Range (2)
-
Georgian Bay (1)
-
Grand Canyon (6)
-
Green River (4)
-
Green River basin (2)
-
Guadalupe River (2)
-
Hunter Valley (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (1)
-
Bengal Fan (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
King River (1)
-
Lake District (1)
-
Mackenzie River (1)
-
Mackenzie River valley (1)
-
Maritimes Basin (1)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Piedmont (4)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield (2)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Huron (1)
-
Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Great Plains (4)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (8)
-
Mississippi River basin (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (1)
-
Uinta Mountains (2)
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
Saint Lawrence River (1)
-
Saint Lawrence River basin (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Yukon River (1)
-
-
North Island (5)
-
Ottawa River (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
East China Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
East China Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Peninsular Ranges (1)
-
polar regions (1)
-
Red River (1)
-
Rio Blanco Basin (1)
-
Rio Grande Valley (1)
-
Rio Negro (3)
-
Sacramento River (3)
-
Salinas Valley (1)
-
Salmon River (1)
-
San Joaquin River (2)
-
San Juan River (2)
-
Santa Ana River (3)
-
Santa Catalina Mountains (1)
-
Santa Clara Valley (1)
-
Severn Valley (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (3)
-
Snake River (1)
-
South America
-
Amazon Basin (4)
-
Amazon River (6)
-
Andes
-
Copahue (1)
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Jujuy Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Argentina
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Copahue (1)
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-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Brazil
-
Amazonas Brazil (3)
-
Manaus Brazil (1)
-
Solimoes Basin (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Magdalena River (1)
-
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Orinoco River basin (1)
-
Patagonia
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Peru (2)
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
South Island (7)
-
Southern Alps (6)
-
Sydney Basin (1)
-
Taylor Valley (1)
-
Thames River (1)
-
Trent Valley (1)
-
Trinity River (2)
-
Tyne River (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Matanuska Glacier (1)
-
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (1)
-
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Arizona
-
Cochise County Arizona (1)
-
Coconino County Arizona
-
Glen Canyon Dam (2)
-
-
Mohave County Arizona (4)
-
Pima County Arizona (1)
-
Pinal County Arizona (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Fulton County Arkansas (2)
-
Randolph County Arkansas (1)
-
Sharp County Arkansas (2)
-
-
Arkansas River (1)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
-
Central Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (2)
-
-
Bighorn River (1)
-
California
-
Amador County California (1)
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Calaveras County California (1)
-
Central California (2)
-
Colusa County California (1)
-
Contra Costa County California (1)
-
Cuyama Basin (1)
-
Del Norte County California (1)
-
Feather River (1)
-
Glenn County California (1)
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California (4)
-
Mendocino County California (2)
-
Monterey Bay (1)
-
Monterey County California (2)
-
Northern California (4)
-
Orange County California (4)
-
Placer County California (1)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
Sacramento County California (3)
-
San Benito County California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
San Diego County California (2)
-
San Francisco Bay
-
San Pablo Bay (1)
-
-
San Joaquin County California (1)
-
San Mateo County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California (2)
-
Santa Clara County California (1)
-
Santa Cruz County California (2)
-
Solano County California (1)
-
Southern California (5)
-
Transverse Ranges (4)
-
Ventura Basin (1)
-
Ventura County California (4)
-
Yuba County California (1)
-
-
Chattahoochee River (1)
-
Colorado
-
Cache La Poudre River (1)
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
El Paso County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Larimer County Colorado (2)
-
Las Animas County Colorado (1)
-
Moffat County Colorado (2)
-
Rocky Mountain National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (5)
-
Delaware (1)
-
District of Columbia (1)
-
Eastern U.S. (2)
-
Florida
-
Everglades (1)
-
Glades County Florida (1)
-
Highlands County Florida (1)
-
Okeechobee County Florida (1)
-
Osceola County Florida (1)
-
Polk County Florida (1)
-
-
Floridan Aquifer (2)
-
Georgia
-
Carroll County Georgia (2)
-
Fulton County Georgia
-
Atlanta Georgia (1)
-
-
Haralson County Georgia (1)
-
Harris County Georgia (1)
-
Heard County Georgia (1)
-
Polk County Georgia (1)
-
-
Gila River (1)
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Great Smoky Mountains (1)
-
Hurricane Fault (1)
-
Idaho
-
Ada County Idaho
-
Boise Idaho (1)
-
-
Bingham County Idaho (1)
-
Butte County Idaho (1)
-
Jefferson County Idaho (1)
-
Shoshone County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (2)
-
Snake River Plain Aquifer (1)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (1)
-
Illinois
-
Adams County Illinois (1)
-
Alexander County Illinois (1)
-
Randolph County Illinois (1)
-
-
Indiana (4)
-
Iowa
-
Clinton County Iowa (1)
-
Lee County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kansas
-
Finney County Kansas (1)
-
Johnson County Kansas (1)
-
Kansas River (1)
-
Kearny County Kansas (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Kentucky River valley (1)
-
-
Little Missouri River basin (1)
-
Louisiana
-
Atchafalaya River (2)
-
Avoyelles Parish Louisiana (1)
-
Concordia Parish Louisiana (1)
-
Orleans Parish Louisiana
-
New Orleans Louisiana (1)
-
-
Plaquemines Parish Louisiana (2)
-
-
Maine
-
Sagadahoc County Maine (1)
-
-
Maryland (1)
-
Massachusetts
-
Franklin County Massachusetts (1)
-
Hampshire County Massachusetts (1)
-
Worcester County Massachusetts (1)
-
-
Midwest (1)
-
Mississippi
-
Panola County Mississippi (1)
-
-
Mississippi Delta (3)
-
Mississippi River (11)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Lower Mississippi Valley (3)
-
Upper Mississippi Valley (2)
-
-
Missouri
-
Gasconade County Missouri (1)
-
Osage County Missouri (1)
-
Saint Charles County Missouri (1)
-
Saint Louis County Missouri
-
Saint Louis Missouri (2)
-
-
-
Missouri River (4)
-
Montana
-
Big Horn County Montana (1)
-
Custer County Montana (1)
-
Park County Montana (2)
-
Powder River County Montana (1)
-
Rosebud County Montana (1)
-
Treasure County Montana (1)
-
Yellowstone County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska
-
Cedar County Nebraska (1)
-
Dawes County Nebraska (1)
-
Dixon County Nebraska (1)
-
Sheridan County Nebraska (1)
-
Sioux County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carson City County Nevada (1)
-
Lyon County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Jersey
-
Middlesex County New Jersey (1)
-
Raritan River (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Colfax County New Mexico (1)
-
Union County New Mexico (1)
-
Zuni Mountains (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Graham County North Carolina (1)
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Swain County North Carolina (1)
-
-
North Dakota
-
McKenzie County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ogallala Aquifer (1)
-
Ohio
-
Franklin County Ohio (1)
-
Hamilton County Ohio
-
Cincinnati Ohio (1)
-
-
Lucas County Ohio (1)
-
Pickaway County Ohio (1)
-
Pike County Ohio (1)
-
Ross County Ohio (1)
-
Scioto County Ohio (1)
-
-
Ohio River (1)
-
Ohio River basin (1)
-
Oregon
-
Clackamas County Oregon (1)
-
Coos County Oregon (1)
-
Curry County Oregon
-
Sixes River (1)
-
-
Deschutes County Oregon (1)
-
Douglas County Oregon (3)
-
Harney County Oregon
-
Steens Mountain (1)
-
-
Hood River County Oregon (1)
-
Jefferson County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
Lane County Oregon (4)
-
Malheur County Oregon (1)
-
Mount Hood (1)
-
Tillamook County Oregon (1)
-
Willamette River (1)
-
-
Ozark Mountains (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Berks County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lehigh County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Powder River basin (1)
-
South Carolina (1)
-
South Dakota
-
Clay County South Dakota (1)
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Primary terms
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
rivers and streams
SEISMIC EFFECTS OF FLOODS OBSERVED ON THE KYNGARGA RIVER ( Tunka Valley, Eastern Sayan ) Available to Purchase
GEOCHEMISTRY OF GROUNDWATERS AND SURFACE WATERS, AND GROUND ICE OF THE OKA PLATEAU ( Eastern Sayan, Russia ) Open Access
Beyond boundaries: Depositional environment controls on erodibility, process, and form in rivers incising sedimentary bedrock Open Access
Three-dimensional anatomy of a Cretaceous river avulsion Open Access
Ganga Basin Sediment (GBS): A Potential Geological Reference Material for Tropical Rivers Available to Purchase
Mud cohesion governs unvegetated meander migration rates and deposit architecture Available to Purchase
Bank strength variability and its impact on the system-scale morphodynamics of the upper Amazon River in Brazil Available to Purchase
Bedrock rivers are steep but not narrow: Hydrological and lithological controls on river geometry across the USA Available to Purchase
Different Dynamics of the Chemical Composition of Water in the Baikal Ecosystem (Baikal, Its Tributaries, and the Source of the Angara River) Available to Purchase
Disturbance and recovery of physical elements of habitat in relation to post-wildfire channel sedimentation, southern California Transverse Ranges Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Sedimentation after wildfire is a profound disturbance to the biogeomorphic character of fluvial systems. Despite this significant alteration, field data focusing on the geomorphic processes and bed morphology that form the physical structure of habitat are limited, especially over a longer-term perspective. We report results of detailed field studies following two wildfires in the same steep fluvial system in the southern California Transverse Ranges three decades apart. Substantial channel sedimentation during storms following both fires altered physical elements of habitat, which included bed elevation, step height and spacing, pool depth and spacing, grain-size distribution ( D 84 ), and transport capacity (τ o /τ c ). The postfire sediment deposits buried bedforms, decreased D 84 , and increased τ o /τ c by an order of magnitude. Incision during subsequent storms initiated recovery that depended on the attributes of post-wildfire climate variability that characterize the semiarid Mediterranean-type environment. Step-pool bedforms reappeared or reformed during the decades between wildfires as the relatively fine gravel-sized post-wildfire sediment was transported downstream, thus reestablishing the physical elements of habitat characterizing the dynamic system.
Hydrologically driven modulation of cutoff regime in meandering rivers Available to Purchase
Evaluation of Spatio-temporal Variability of a Flood Using the Hydrological Process of Flood Frequency in Ghagra River Basin, India Available to Purchase
Pleistocene Colorado River terraces in the canyonlands region (Utah, USA) record unsteady, transient incision and growth of the Cataract Canyon knickzone by salt tectonics Available to Purchase
Geochemistry of Stream Sediments from Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India: Implications on Sediment Type, Maturity, Source-area Weathering and Provenance Available to Purchase
Karst hydrogeology of the Chalk and implications for groundwater protection Open Access
Abstract The Chalk is an unusual karst aquifer with limited cave development, but extensive networks of smaller solutional conduits and fissures enabling rapid groundwater flow. Small-scale karst features (stream sinks, dolines, dissolution pipes, and springs) are common, with hundreds of stream sinks recorded. Tracer velocities from 27 connections between stream sinks and springs have median and mean velocities of 4700 and 4600 m d −1 . Tests to abstraction boreholes also demonstrate very rapid velocities of thousands of metres per day. Natural gradient tests from observation boreholes have rapid velocities of hundreds of metres per day. There is strong geological control on karst with dissolution focused on stratigraphical inception horizons. Surface karst features are concentrated near the Paleogene boundary, or where thin superficial cover occurs, but rapid groundwater flow is also common in other areas. The Chalk has higher storage and contaminant attenuation than classical karst, but recharge, storage and flow are influenced by karst. Point recharge through stream sinks, dolines, losing rivers, vertical solutional fissures, and soakaways enables rapid unsaturated zone flow. Saturated zone networks of solutional fissures and conduits create vulnerability to subsurface activities, and enable long distance transport of point source and diffuse pollutants, which may be derived from outside modelled catchment areas and source protection zones.
Middle Risle River Critical Zone Observatory: monitoring karst-process evolution and its impact on surface water and on aquatic ecosystems Available to Purchase
Abstract Rivers in karstic environments are known to be greatly influenced by surface water–groundwater interactions, with significant localized inflows during floods from springs, or with losses that can dry up rivers. The Middle Risle River is frequently affected by the development of sinkholes in a chalk karst area (Normandy, France). In the 2010s, two new major sinkholes in the riverbed caused a complete loss of water into the underlying phreatic aquifer, causing the river to dry up over several kilometres. The resulting changes in hydrogeological processes and surface water–groundwater interaction greatly affected water quality, water use and water-dependent ecosystems, causing a political crisis in this river-dependent touristic valley. To understand these phenomena and improve crisis management, the Middle Risle Critical Zone Observatory was set up to enhance monitoring, surveying and/or modelling of groundwater and river levels, river and spring flow, water temperature and conductivity, and ecosystem characteristics (fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation). The results showed notable impacts on fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation, some plants proving to be reliable indicators of surface-water–groundwater interaction. The dynamics of local hydrogeological processes were assessed and linked to the measured effects on ecosystems and water supply. Inverse modelling based on an analytical solution of the diffusive wave equation assessed lateral flow during floods, quantifying the spatial–temporal variability of surface-water and groundwater exchanges. It also highlighted the important role of karst zones in both storage and flood-peak attenuation processes, thereby protecting downstream villages against floods.
Rivers, streams and wetlands – the Chalk and its water-dependent ecosystems Available to Purchase
Abstract The UK, and England in particular, is the stronghold for chalk rivers, streams and wetlands in Europe. A number of sites are recognized as being important for nature conservation and have been designated as such under UK and European legislation. However, as the chalk is also an important aquifer for southern and eastern England, there have been significant impacts on these groundwater-dependent ecosystems from abstraction. Chalk rivers and streams have been used for centuries for mills and water meadows, so impacts have not just occurred in recent times. Intensification of agriculture in the twentieth century has added to the pressure by increasing levels of pollution, especially nitrates, with significant levels now being recorded. However, moves have been made to resolve some of these issues, with investigations into the effects of abstraction and options for reducing these impacts, research into the nature of the chalk aquifer so that it can be modelled more accurately, and assessment made of pollution pathways and their timescales. Associated projects have characterized the ecosystems associated with the chalk in more detail, enabling the mechanism for impacts to be better understood. While the extent of impacts is increasingly understood, action is also being taken to reduce their effects and restore chalk ecosystems.
Use of statistical methods to characterize the influence of groundwater on the thermal regime of rivers in Normandy, France: comparison between the highly permeable, chalk catchment of the Touques River and the low permeability, crystalline rock catchment of the Orne River Available to Purchase
Abstract The study of the temperature of two rivers in Normandy (France), the Orne and the Touques, between 2013 and 2018 allowed the main controlling factors regulating their thermal regime to be determined. The analysis was conducted by coupling different statistical treatments: linear regression between water and air temperatures, independent component analysis, principal component analysis and a multiple linear regression model. The temperature of the two rivers is mainly controlled by climatic factors but secondary regulation factors are demonstrated to play important roles: runoff for the two rivers and groundwater for the Touques. The influence of the chalk aquifer on river temperature appears to vary seasonally throughout the year, reaching its maximum in the early spring and increasing from upstream to downstream. The coupled use of the different statistical complex methods showed its validity in understanding both the temporal and spatial variations in water temperature and its correlation with the secondary factors, that could not be inferred from a simpler approach based on linear regression. These techniques could be valuable in other areas with rivers sufficiently monitored to determine the controlling water temperature factors and thus their sensitivity to climate change.
A conceptual model of hydrogeological function and perchlorate transfer in the unconfined Champagne Chalk aquifer (NE France) Available to Purchase
Abstract Groundwater of the unconfined Chalk aquifer in Champagne-Ardenne (NE France) is contaminated by perchlorate ( ClO 4 − ), a persistent water-soluble anion. The Chalk aquifer is a crucial water resource of the region, with complex hydraulic properties. The presence of ClO 4 − is of concern due to its potential adverse human health effects. In France, three sources of ClO 4 − contamination are suspected: industrial, military and agricultural. Both a comprehensive understanding of hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, and a sound knowledge of sources and behaviour of ClO 4 − in groundwater are required to allow the sustainable use of this groundwater resource. From data acquired during hydrogeological, geochemical, isotopic ( ClO 4 − ) and groundwater age (CFCs and SF 6 ) studies, and historical investigations in a study area located east of Reims, a conceptual model of Chalk aquifer function and ClO 4 − transfer has been established. High spatio-temporal heterogeneities in the unconfined Chalk aquifer are discussed. Different correlations between ClO 4 − , major ions and groundwater-level fluctuations are shown and interpreted, highlighting main factors governing the Chalk groundwater geochemistry and ClO 4 − transfer mechanisms, including water-level fluctuation, groundwater residence time, thickness of the unsaturated zone, superficial formations, distribution of fissure networks, aquifer–river relationships, origin and location of ClO 4 − in soil and human activity.