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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Ilimaussaq (1)
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Asia
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Far East
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Borneo
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China
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Korea
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Pakistan (1)
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Indus River (1)
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Middle East
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Israel (1)
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Ob River (1)
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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West Siberia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Moose River basin (1)
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Quebec (1)
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Western Canada
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Alberta (3)
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British Columbia
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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Central Graben (1)
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Coast Ranges (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Ob River (1)
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Hungary (1)
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Italy
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Sicily Italy (1)
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Latemar Massif (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
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Digne France (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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London Basin (1)
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Wales
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Pembrokeshire Wales (1)
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Front Range (1)
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Glacier Bay (1)
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Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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Mediterranean region (2)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Black Sea (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (2)
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Central Appalachians (1)
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Northern Appalachians (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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Rocky Mountains (2)
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Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
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Western Interior
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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Sierra de San Luis (1)
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South America
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Ecuador (1)
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United States
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Alabama
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Alaska
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California
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San Diego County California
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Colorado
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Pueblo County Colorado (1)
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Columbia Plateau (1)
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Idaho (1)
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Illinois
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Fulton County Illinois (3)
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Schuyler County Illinois (2)
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Illinois Basin (3)
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Indiana
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Clay County Indiana (1)
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Orange County Indiana (1)
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Kansas
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Kentucky
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Washington
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West Virginia
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elements, isotopes
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organic carbon (3)
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chemical ratios (1)
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hydrogen (1)
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isotope ratios (2)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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uranium (1)
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gallium (1)
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rare earths (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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fossils
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia (1)
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fungi (1)
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ichnofossils
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Arenicolites (1)
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Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
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Planolites (2)
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Skolithos (1)
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Teichichnus (2)
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Thalassinoides (1)
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Zoophycos (1)
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-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Insecta (1)
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-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (3)
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Radiolaria (2)
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microfossils (8)
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palynomorphs (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Coccolithophoraceae (2)
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diatoms (1)
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nannofossils (1)
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thallophytes (2)
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geochronology methods
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paleomagnetism (5)
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tephrochronology (2)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
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Pleistocene
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Champlain Sea (1)
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Irvingtonian (1)
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Lake Missoula (3)
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upper Pleistocene
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Rancholabrean (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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upper Miocene
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Pontian (1)
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-
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Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
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Dacian (1)
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lower Pliocene (1)
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-
-
Paleogene
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Eocene
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Green River Formation (1)
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Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Oligocene
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Creede Formation (2)
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upper Oligocene (2)
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-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Berriasian (2)
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Gething Formation (1)
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Muddy Sandstone (1)
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-
Mancos Shale (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
Carlile Shale (2)
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Cenomanian (1)
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Demopolis Chalk (1)
-
Fort Hays Limestone Member (4)
-
Niobrara Formation (4)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
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Selma Group (1)
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Senonian (1)
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Sharon Springs Member (1)
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Smoky Hill Chalk Member (1)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
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upper Turonian (1)
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-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Posidonia Shale (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
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Volgian (1)
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-
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic (1)
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Montney Formation (1)
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-
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (1)
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Lower Mississippian
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Lodgepole Formation (1)
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-
Madison Group (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian
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Aux Vases Sandstone (1)
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Renault Formation (1)
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-
Hinton Formation (1)
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Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
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-
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Brazil Formation (1)
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Francis Creek Shale (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (2)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
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Atokan (1)
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Breathitt Formation (2)
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Carbondale Formation (1)
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Tradewater Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Virgilian
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Lawrence Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
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Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
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Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (1)
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-
Middle Ordovician
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Blackriverian (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Caradocian (1)
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Mohawkian (1)
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-
-
Permian
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Irati Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Salado Formation (1)
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-
-
Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Telychian (1)
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-
-
-
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
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Windermere System (1)
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-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites
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A-type granites (1)
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pegmatite (1)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite
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kakortokite (1)
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lujavrite (1)
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-
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ophiolite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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ophiolite (1)
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turbidite (5)
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minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (2)
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dolomite (1)
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phosphates
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vivianite (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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arfvedsonite (1)
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-
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (1)
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-
-
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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smectite (1)
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illite (1)
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-
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sulfates (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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uranium minerals (1)
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-
Primary terms
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Ilimaussaq (1)
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-
-
Asia
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Far East
-
Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
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China
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Shanghai China (1)
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Yangtze River (1)
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Japan (1)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India (1)
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Pranhita-Godavari Valley (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
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-
Indus River (1)
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Karakoram (1)
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Lake Baikal (1)
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Middle East
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Israel (1)
-
-
Ob River (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
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Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
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-
West Siberia (1)
-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
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-
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bitumens (1)
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boron (2)
-
Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Moose River basin (1)
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Ottawa Ontario (1)
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Quebec (1)
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-
Western Canada
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Alberta (3)
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British Columbia
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Cariboo Mountains (2)
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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-
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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organic carbon (3)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (1)
-
Irvingtonian (1)
-
Lake Missoula (3)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Rancholabrean (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Pontian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
Dacian (1)
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (2)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (1)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia (1)
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
continental shelf (1)
-
crust (1)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (3)
-
diagenesis (13)
-
economic geology (2)
-
electron microscopy (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites
-
Latemar Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Hungary (1)
-
-
Danube Delta (1)
-
Danube Valley (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Granada Spain
-
Guadix-Baza Basin (1)
-
-
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
Murcia Spain
-
Caravaca Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
Calabria Italy (2)
-
Liguria Italy (1)
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
-
Latemar Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
-
Digne France (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Kent England (1)
-
London Basin (1)
-
Pennines (1)
-
-
Wales
-
Pembrokeshire Wales (1)
-
Welsh Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (3)
-
fungi (1)
-
geochemistry (9)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (1)
-
glacial geology (5)
-
heat flow (1)
-
hydrogen (1)
-
ichnofossils
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Arenicolites (1)
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Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Planolites (2)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
Teichichnus (2)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
kakortokite (1)
-
lujavrite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
intrusions (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (3)
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
magmas (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
East Malaysia
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
Carlile Shale (2)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Demopolis Chalk (1)
-
Fort Hays Limestone Member (4)
-
Niobrara Formation (4)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Selma Group (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Sharon Springs Member (1)
-
Smoky Hill Chalk Member (1)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (1)
-
upper Turonian (1)
-
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
rhythmic bedding
Magnetic Fabrics in Laminated Rocks of the Ilímaussaq Igneous Complex, Southern Greenland Available to Purchase
The application of chemostratigraphy and proximality trends to the Silurian Coralliferous Formation of SW Wales: rhythmical sedimentation during the transgression of a palaeo-shoreline Open Access
Tepees associated with mobility of evaporite sulfate: The case of the Irati Formation, Permian of Paraná Basin, Brazil Available to Purchase
The Pliocene deposits of the Black Sea Shelf east of the Danube River Delta Available to Purchase
Abstract This paper provides analysis of the published materials on the occurrences of the Dacian and Cimmerian molluscs in the Danube River valley as well as the results of Pliocene sediments study based on core material of the boreholes drilled at the Black Sea Shelf east of the Danube River Delta. In the early Pontian time, the Dacian Basin was a large sub-basin of Paratethys which, due to an abrupt drop in sea level, separated into the Euxinian, Dacian and Caspian basins. At the end of the Bosphorus time, the discharge of the Dacian Basin waters into the Euxinian Basin formed a wide valley from the Galati-Reni region to the east through the Galati gateway. During the Cimmerian transgression, a vast bay existed on the site of the modern Danube Delta, from which mutual migrations of the Dacian and Cimmerian molluscs took place along the runoff valley. The cessation of runoff occurred during the regressive phase of the Late Cimmerian. The rhythmically bedded thick strata originated during the existence of the runoff valley. These strata were identified as the Pridanubian Formation (Suite). The cryptogenic form of Tulotoma Tulotoma ( =Viviparus ) ovidii nasonis (Bogachev) is characteristic of the lower and middle parts of the suite. The presence of the Dacian and Cimmerian molluscs in this suite became the basis for the correlation of sediments of the Dacian and Cimmerian regional stages. The Duabian molluscs were registered in the Cimmerian deposits of the Transcaucasus (the Duabian layers), Priazovye and the Kerch–Taman region. The migration of these molluscs took place during the regressive phases due to the circular current in the Euxinian Basin similar to the one existing in the Black Sea today. The Pliocene formation contains marine and continental deposits of the Lower and Upper Pliocene, which are represented by the Pridanubian Formation (Lower and Upper), Cimmerian deposits (non-subdivided Lower and Middle Cimmerian), Lower Kujalnician deposits, Upper Poration deposits, complex of red-coloured palaeosols (the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene non-subdivided). The formation of the Pliocene sediments on the Black Sea Shelf, east of the Danube Delta, was controlled by the inter-basin connectivity of the Eastern Paratethys.