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elements, isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (31)
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organic carbon (38)
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isotope ratios (33)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (31)
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O-18/O-16 (15)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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metals
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iron
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ferrous iron (8)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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manganese (2)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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palladium (15)
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nitrogen (7)
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noble gases
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (15)
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phosphorus (1)
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organic sulfur (2)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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fossils
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Graptolithina (6)
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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Vermes
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Plantae
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Chlorophyta
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Tasmanites (1)
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Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Dicotyledoneae
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-
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Picea (1)
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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-
-
-
-
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thallophytes (4)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (3)
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fission-track dating (15)
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K/Ar (10)
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optical mineralogy (7)
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thermochronology (7)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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-
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Tertiary
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Florissant Lake Beds (1)
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middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
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Miocene
-
lower Miocene (5)
-
middle Miocene (2)
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Sarmatian (1)
-
upper Miocene
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Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (7)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (8)
-
lower Eocene
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Thebes Formation (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Sparta Sand (1)
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-
upper Eocene
-
Uinta Formation (1)
-
-
-
Hanna Formation (1)
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Kapuni Group (1)
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Kenai Group (1)
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Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
Midway Group (1)
-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (3)
-
-
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Asu River Group (1)
-
Colorado Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
-
Graneros Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
Bluesky Formation (2)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (3)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Mannville Group (2)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
Moosebar Formation (1)
-
Mowry Shale (3)
-
Muddy Sandstone (2)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
Skull Creek Shale (1)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
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Valanginian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (3)
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (1)
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Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (1)
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Campanian (1)
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
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Cenomanian (2)
-
Cody Shale (2)
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Frontier Formation (2)
-
Fruitland Formation (3)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Honna Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
La Luna Formation (1)
-
Lance Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (2)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (2)
-
Pakawau Group (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Santonian (2)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Shannon Sandstone Member (1)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (1)
-
Yezo Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
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Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (1)
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
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Upper Jurassic
-
Fulmar Formation (1)
-
Haynesville Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Kunga Group (2)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (2)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Sandilands Formation (2)
-
Shimanto Group (1)
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Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic (2)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
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Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (3)
-
-
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Jackfork Group (3)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (6)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Chainman Shale (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (4)
-
-
Stanley Group (2)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Windsor Group (2)
-
-
Namurian (2)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Kittanning Formation (1)
-
Mary Lee Coal (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (3)
-
-
Desmoinesian
-
Spiro Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Sturgis Formation (2)
-
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Dittonian (1)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
York River Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Nahanni Formation (1)
-
Sulphur Point Formation (1)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian (2)
-
Huron Member (2)
-
Ohio Shale (2)
-
West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Eureka Quartzite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
Trentonian (2)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (1)
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Barakar Stage (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Raniganj Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pilot Shale (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (9)
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
Hecla Hoek Formation (1)
-
Levack Gneiss (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Isan Orogeny (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Roper Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (5)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (4)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites (8)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
peridotites (2)
-
pyroxenite
-
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sulfides
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Primary terms
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Mesozoic
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Triassic
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Mexico
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North America
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Disturbed Belt (1)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 145
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ODP Site 885 (1)
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ocean floors (3)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (2)
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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oceanography (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (15)
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Pacific Coast (2)
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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paleoclimatology (5)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (2)
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Upper Cambrian
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Bonneterre Formation (1)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Albert Formation (1)
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Jackfork Group (3)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (6)
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Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (2)
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Chainman Shale (1)
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Lower Mississippian
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Osagian
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Burlington Limestone (1)
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Tournaisian (2)
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-
Middle Mississippian
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Visean (4)
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Stanley Group (2)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (1)
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Heath Formation (1)
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Meramecian
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Saint Louis Limestone (1)
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Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
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Salem Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Windsor Group (2)
-
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Namurian (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Kittanning Formation (1)
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Mary Lee Coal (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Atokan
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Atoka Formation (3)
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Desmoinesian
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Spiro Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Morrow Formation (1)
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Pottsville Group (1)
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Strawn Series (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Cisco Group (1)
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Sturgis Formation (2)
-
-
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Springer Formation (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (1)
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Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
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Cow Head Group (1)
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Devonian
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Keg River Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Dittonian (1)
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Lochkovian (1)
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York River Formation (1)
-
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Middle Devonian
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Nahanni Formation (1)
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Sulphur Point Formation (1)
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Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
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Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
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Frasnian (2)
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Huron Member (2)
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Ohio Shale (2)
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West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
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Horton Group (1)
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Hunton Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Eureka Quartzite (1)
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (1)
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Meguma Group (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Table Head Group (1)
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Trenton Group (2)
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Upper Ordovician
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Hirnantian (1)
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Katian (1)
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Trentonian (2)
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Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (1)
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Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
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Lower Permian
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Barakar Stage (1)
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Cisuralian
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Artinskian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
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Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Raniganj Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pilot Shale (2)
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Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Wenlock
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Homerian (1)
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-
-
Middle Silurian
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Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
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Journal Article
Synthesis and characterization of Fe-poor olivine with applications to the surface of Mercury Open Access
Brendan A. Anzures, Kathleen E. Vander Kaaden, Francis M. McCubbin, Richard L. Rowland, II, Gordon M. Moore, Kelsey Prissel, Richard V. Morris, Rachel L. Klima, Karen R. Stockstill-Cahill, David G. Agresti
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (4): 570–581.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Topography and mineralogy of clay deposits signify an epoch of warm and humid climate on early Mars Available to Purchase
Athanasios Klidaras, Ryan Navarre, Briony Horgan, William H. Farrand, Adrian Broz, Timothy A. Goudge, Rhianna Moore
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 14 February 2025
Geology (2025) 53 (5): 409–414.
Journal Article
Catagenesis of Organic Matter and Petroleum Potential of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Deposits of the Anabar–Khatanga Saddle Open Access
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 November 2024
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2024) 65 (11): 1358–1365.
Journal Article
Solfataric alteration at the South Sulfur Bank, Kilauea, Hawaii, as a mechanism for the formation of sulfates, phyllosilicates, and silica on Mars Open Access
Janice L. Bishop, Peter Schiffman, Enver Murad, Randal J. Southard, Lukas Gruendler, M. Darby Dyar, Melissa D. Lane
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 November 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (11): 1871–1887.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Hanswilkeite, KFeS 2 , a new peralkaline sulfide mineral Available to Purchase
Sergey N. Britvin, Mikhail N. Murashko, Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya, Oleg S. Vereshchagin, Yevgeny Vapnik, Natalia S. Vlasenko, Yulia S. Shelukhina, Vladimir N. Bocharov
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 11 October 2024
American Mineralogist (2024)
Journal Article
Gamma-enhancement of reflected light images as a routine method for assessment of compositional heterogeneity in common low-reflectance Fe-bearing minerals Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 October 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (10): 1785–1797.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
An Overview of Exoplanet Biosignatures Available to Purchase
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 July 2024
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2024) 90 (1): 465–514.
Journal Article
From Stars to Diverse Mantles, Melts, Crusts, and Atmospheres of Rocky Exoplanets Available to Purchase
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 July 2024
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2024) 90 (1): 259–300.
Journal Article
Markwelchite, TlPbSbS 3 , a new Tl–Pb sulfosalt from the hydrothermal deposit of Jas Roux, Hautes-Alpes, France Open Access
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 24 May 2024
Mineralogical Magazine (2024) 88 (4): 503–509.
Journal Article
Zipserite, a new bismuth chalcogenide Bi 5 (S,Se) 4 from Nagybörzsöny in Hungary with a R $\bar{3}$ m (00γ)00 modulated structure Open Access
Juraj Majzlan, Daniel Ozdín, Jiří Sejkora, Gwladys Steciuk, Jakub Plášil, Christiane Rößler, Christian Matthes
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 03 May 2024
Mineralogical Magazine (2024) 88 (4): 482–492.
Journal Article
Mapping Ni-Cu-Platinum Group Element-Hosting, Small-Sized, Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks Using WorldView-3 Images and a Spatial-Spectral Transformer Deep Learning Method Open Access
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 May 2024
Economic Geology (2024) 119 (3): 665–680.
Journal Article
Don Juan Basin, Antarctica: A chemically altering environment with martian analog potential Available to Purchase
Andrew B. Foerder, Peter A.J. Englert, Janice L. Bishop, Christian Koeberl, Zachary F.M. Burton, Shital Patel, Everett K. Gibson
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (4): 682–700.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Advances for the Exploration of Tectonic-Magmatic-Related Emerald Deposits Using a High-Resolution Spectral Approach: Unraveling the Spectral Footprint of the Paraná Deposit (NE Brazil) Available to Purchase
José Ferreira de Araújo Neto, Thais Andressa Carrino, Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira Santos, Rosa Elvira Correa Pabón
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 March 2024
Economic Geology (2024) 119 (2): 355–371.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Space Weathering At The Moon Available to Purchase
Brett W. Denevi, Sarah K. Noble, Roy Christoffersen, Michelle S. Thompson, Timothy D. Glotch, David T. Blewett, Ian Garrick-Bethell, Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis, Benjamin T. Greenhagen, Amanda R. Hendrix, Dana M. Hurley, Lindsay P. Keller, Georgiana Y. Kramer, David Trang
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 2023
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 611–650.
Journal Article
Lunar Surface Processes Available to Purchase
J.B. Plescia, J. Cahill, B. Greenhagen, P. Hayne, P. Mahanti, M.S. Robinson, P.D. Spudis, M. Siegler, A. Stickle, J.P. Williams, M. Zanetti, N. Zellner
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 2023
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 651–690.
Journal Article
S 2 − and S 3 − radicals and the S 4 2 − polysulfide ion in lazurite, haüyne, and synthetic ultramarine blue revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy Open Access
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 2023
American Mineralogist (2023) 108 (12): 2234–2243.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Okruginite, Cu 2 SnSe 3 , a new mineral from the Ozernovskoe deposit, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia Available to Purchase
Anna Vymazalová, Vladimir V. Kozlov, František Laufek, Chris J. Stanley, Ilya A. Shkilev, Sharapat Kudaeva, Filip Košek
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 16 October 2023
Mineralogical Magazine (2024) 88 (1): 31–39.
Journal Article
Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce), NaKCaSrCeTi(Si 8 O 21 )OF(H 2 O) 3, a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tien-Shan mountains, Tajikistan: mineral description, crystal structure and a new double (Si 8 O 21 ) sheet Open Access
Atali A. Agakhanov, Elena Sokolova, Vladimir Yu. Karpenko, Frank C. Hawthorne, Leonid A. Pautov, Anatoly V. Kasatkin, Igor V. Pekov, Vitaliya A. Agakhanova
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 13 October 2023
Mineralogical Magazine (2024) 88 (1): 19–30.
Journal Article
Characterization of Hydrothermal Alteration in Palagonitized Deposits Using Short-Wave Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Methods Available to Purchase
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 07 July 2023
The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (2023) 61 (2): 365–385.
Journal Article
CO 2 quantification in silicate glasses using µ-ATR FTIR spectroscopy Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 03 July 2023
American Mineralogist (2023) 108 (7): 1346–1356.
1
GeoRef Thesaurus
reflectance
Scope Notes: Applies to specific samples of coal, organic compounds, and sometimes minerals. As of 1982, use ore reflectivity for ore deposits. Also see vitrinite reflectance. When discussing methods, also use microscope methods or ore microscopy as applicable. For reflectivity of a rock bed to seismic or other waves, use reflection methods.
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Use For Term:
reflectance spectra
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