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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Eastern U.S.
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Massachusetts
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Western U.S. (17)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (125)
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isotope ratios (262)
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stable isotopes
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (2)
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deuterium (5)
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large-ion lithophile elements (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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radium
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (36)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (3)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
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iron (4)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (17)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (30)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (6)
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noble gases
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Ar-39 (1)
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-17/O-16 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (138)
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phosphorus (2)
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Si-30 (1)
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sulfur
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S-32 (1)
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Pisces
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Mammalia
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Ruminantia
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Carnivora
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (1)
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus columbi (1)
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Rodentia
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Myomorpha
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Coelurosauria
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Pterosauria
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Squamata
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Synapsida
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Diptera
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Exopterygota
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Trilobitomorpha
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Spiriferida
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Strophomenida (4)
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Inarticulata
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Bryozoa
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Cnidaria
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Scleractinia
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Porites (2)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Mollusca
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Veneroida
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Chione (3)
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Mytilus
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae
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Crassostrea
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Crassostrea virginica (1)
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Ostrea (1)
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Pectinacea
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Pectinidae (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (5)
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Coleoidea
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Belemnitidae
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Belemnopsis (1)
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Nautiloidea
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Nautilus (4)
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Gastropoda
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Archaeogastropoda (1)
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Mesogastropoda
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Cerithiidae (1)
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Turritellidae (1)
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Polyplacophora (2)
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Porifera
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Calcarea
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Demospongea (2)
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Stromatoporoidea (8)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (2)
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea (1)
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Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Cibicidoides
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Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (1)
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Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina
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Globigerina bulloides (2)
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Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (2)
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Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
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Orbulina
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Orbulina universa (2)
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Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia
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Globorotalia inflata (2)
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Globorotalia menardii (1)
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Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (2)
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (3)
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Nodosariacea
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Nodosariidae
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Lenticulina (1)
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Nodosaria (1)
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Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (2)
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Rotaliacea
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Elphidium (1)
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites (2)
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Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Ammobaculites (2)
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Radiolaria (17)
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Silicoflagellata (1)
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Thecamoeba (3)
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Vermes
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Annelida (3)
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scolecodonts (1)
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Metazoa (4)
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microfossils
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Conodonta
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Ozarkodina (1)
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (2)
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problematic microfossils (2)
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scolecodonts (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (7)
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Chitinozoa (5)
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Dinoflagellata (17)
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miospores
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pollen (53)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (3)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
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Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae (4)
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Dasycladaceae (1)
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-
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Emiliania
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Emiliania huxleyi (1)
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diatoms (19)
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Microcodium (1)
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nannofossils
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Nannoconus (1)
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Phaeophyta (1)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae (3)
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Bryophyta
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Musci
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Sphagnum (1)
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-
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Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida
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Lepidodendron (1)
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Sigillaria (2)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales
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Calamites (2)
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-
-
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Artemisia (1)
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Lauraceae (1)
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Nothofagus (2)
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Monocotyledoneae
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Palmae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Bennettitales (1)
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Coniferae (1)
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Coniferales
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Araucariaceae
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Araucaria (1)
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Cupressaceae (1)
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Picea (1)
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Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
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Pinus
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Pinus sylvestris (1)
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Taxodiaceae
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Metasequoia (1)
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Taxodium (2)
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Cordaitales (2)
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Cycadales (1)
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Dadoxylon (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris (1)
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Pteridospermae (5)
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-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (2)
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Pterobranchia (2)
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thallophytes (10)
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tracks (9)
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trails (2)
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-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (19)
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Ar/Ar (47)
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exposure age (13)
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fission-track dating (27)
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infrared stimulated luminescence (3)
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Lu/Hf (6)
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thermoluminescence (4)
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tree rings (10)
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U/Pb (156)
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U/Th/Pb (5)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Agbada Formation (1)
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Blancan (1)
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Bronze Age (3)
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Iron Age (2)
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middle Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Clovis (1)
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Cordilleran ice sheet (2)
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Holocene
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Atlantic (1)
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lower Holocene (9)
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Medieval Warm Period (5)
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Mesolithic (2)
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Middle Ages (4)
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middle Holocene (8)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (4)
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Neolithic (3)
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Preboreal (1)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (4)
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Roman period (2)
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-
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lower Quaternary (1)
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Pleistocene
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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Illinoian (1)
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Lake Agassiz (4)
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Lake Lahontan (1)
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Lake Missoula (2)
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lower Pleistocene
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Calabrian (2)
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Gelasian (1)
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Olduvai Subchron (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene
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Elsterian (2)
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Peoria Loess (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian
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upper Devensian (1)
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Eemian (4)
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Ipswichian (1)
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Lake Iroquois (1)
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Lake Lisan (1)
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Lisan Formation (2)
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Sangamonian (2)
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Weichselian
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Loch Lomond Stade (2)
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Oldest Dryas (1)
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (8)
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Bolling (7)
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Older Dryas (3)
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Younger Dryas (13)
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-
-
Wisconsinan
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lower Wisconsinan (1)
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upper Wisconsinan
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Fraser Glaciation (1)
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-
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Wurm (1)
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-
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (2)
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Bull Lake Glaciation (2)
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Scandinavian ice sheet (1)
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-
-
Sirius Group (2)
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Siwalik System (4)
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Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (2)
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Neolithic (3)
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Paleolithic
-
upper Paleolithic (1)
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-
-
Tertiary
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Arikareean (1)
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Asmari Formation (1)
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Carapita Formation (1)
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Catahoula Formation (2)
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Challis Volcanics (2)
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lower Tertiary (6)
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Maikop Series (2)
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middle Tertiary (2)
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Neogene
-
Andalhuala Formation (1)
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Bone Valley Formation (1)
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Etchegoin Formation (1)
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Hemphillian (1)
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Miocene
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Ash Hollow Formation (1)
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Barstovian (1)
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Barstow Formation (1)
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Calvert Formation (1)
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Clarendonian (2)
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Honda Group (1)
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (2)
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Burdigalian (7)
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Hemingfordian (1)
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-
middle Miocene
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Langhian (4)
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Luisian (1)
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San Onofre Breccia (1)
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Serravallian (2)
-
-
Pebas Formation (1)
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Sarmatian (2)
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Stevens Sandstone (1)
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Temblor Formation (1)
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upper Miocene
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Chiquimil Formation (1)
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Messinian
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Messinian Salinity Crisis (1)
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-
Pannonian (1)
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Pontian (1)
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Punchbowl Formation (1)
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Tortonian (2)
-
-
Valentine Formation (2)
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-
Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
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lower Pliocene
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Zanclean (1)
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-
middle Pliocene (4)
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upper Pliocene
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Piacenzian (1)
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-
Yorktown Formation (1)
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-
Salt Lake Formation (1)
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Sisquoc Formation (1)
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upper Neogene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Chadron Formation (1)
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Dongying Formation (1)
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Eocene
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Absaroka Supergroup (1)
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Annot Sandstone (4)
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Bracklesham Group (1)
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Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
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Green River Formation (1)
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Lake Gosiute (1)
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lower Eocene
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Misoa Formation (2)
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Willwood Formation (4)
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Wind River Formation (1)
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Ypresian
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London Clay (2)
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-
-
middle Eocene
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Barton Clay (1)
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Bartonian (3)
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Lutetian (3)
-
-
Mirador Formation (1)
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upper Eocene
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Jackson Group (1)
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La Meseta Formation (1)
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Poway Conglomerate (1)
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Priabonian (2)
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-
-
Flagstaff Formation (1)
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Ilerdian (1)
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lower Paleogene (3)
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Oligocene
-
Brule Formation (1)
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Frio Formation (1)
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Glendon Limestone (1)
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lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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-
middle Oligocene (1)
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
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-
Vicksburg Group (2)
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-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (9)
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K-T boundary (9)
-
-
middle Paleocene
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Selandian (2)
-
-
Tullock Member (1)
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upper Paleocene
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Clarkforkian (1)
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Tiffanian (1)
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-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (6)
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Renova Formation (1)
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Sespe Formation (1)
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Wasatch Formation (1)
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White River Group (2)
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Wilcox Group (4)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (3)
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Sobral Formation (1)
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upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
Tulare Formation (1)
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upper Cenozoic
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Villafranchian (1)
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-
-
Coal Measures (1)
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Dalradian (3)
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Lake Bonneville (3)
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Laurentide ice sheet (20)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (1)
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Colorado Group (2)
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Comanchean
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Glen Rose Formation (1)
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Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (4)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (2)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
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Albian
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lower Albian (1)
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upper Albian (3)
-
-
Aptian
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lower Aptian (1)
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Barremian (7)
-
Berriasian (5)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
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Burro Canyon Formation (1)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Cedar Mountain Formation (2)
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Clearwater Formation (3)
-
Cloverly Formation (1)
-
Crato Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (2)
-
Glen Rose Formation (1)
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Hauterivian (5)
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Mannville Group (4)
-
McMurray Formation (5)
-
Missisauga Formation (2)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
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Muddy Sandstone (1)
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Neocomian (1)
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Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Travis Peak Formation (1)
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Valanginian (8)
-
Wealden (3)
-
Zubair Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
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Mancos Shale (3)
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Middle Cretaceous (17)
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Nanushuk Group (2)
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Natih Formation (1)
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Nenjiang Formation (3)
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Potomac Group (3)
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Qingshankou Formation (3)
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Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (2)
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Belly River Formation (1)
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Blackhawk Formation (4)
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Campanian
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Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
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-
Cardium Formation (2)
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Castlegate Sandstone (4)
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Cenomanian
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Dunvegan Formation (2)
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lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Cody Shale (1)
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Colville Group (1)
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Coniacian (3)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (2)
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Frontier Formation (5)
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Gulfian
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Eagle Ford Formation (1)
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Woodbine Formation (3)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (3)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (9)
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Lewis Shale (1)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (2)
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Marca Shale Member (1)
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Marilia Formation (1)
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Mesaverde Group (3)
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Niobrara Formation (1)
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Oldman Formation (2)
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Point Lookout Sandstone (1)
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Prince Creek Formation (3)
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Rock Springs Formation (2)
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Santonian (8)
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Schrader Bluff Formation (2)
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Senonian (21)
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Shannon Sandstone Member (1)
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Turonian (10)
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Tuscaloosa Formation (2)
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-
Viking Formation (3)
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Vraconian (1)
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Weald Clay (1)
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Yacoraite Formation (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
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Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
-
Arapien Shale (1)
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Bazhenov Formation (2)
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Carmel Formation (1)
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Clarens Formation (2)
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Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
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Fernie Formation (1)
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Ferrar Group (2)
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Heather Formation (1)
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Kingak Shale (1)
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Ladner Group (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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Dunlin Group (1)
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Hettangian (3)
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lower Liassic (5)
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middle Liassic (2)
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Nordegg Member (2)
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Pliensbachian (5)
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Sinemurian (4)
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Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (2)
-
-
upper Liassic (4)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (6)
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Bajocian
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Brent Group (2)
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-
Bathonian (3)
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Callovian (6)
-
Dogger (5)
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Xishanyao Formation (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (2)
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Posidonia Shale (2)
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Rajmahal Series (1)
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Smartville Complex (1)
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Twin Creek Limestone (4)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (4)
-
Bossier Formation (1)
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Buckner Formation (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (3)
-
Fulmar Formation (1)
-
Galice Formation (2)
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Haynesville Formation (4)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (2)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (2)
-
Kimmeridgian (8)
-
Morrison Formation (3)
-
Oxfordian (6)
-
Portlandian (3)
-
Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Stump Formation (1)
-
Sundance Formation (2)
-
Tithonian (5)
-
Volgian (1)
-
Westwater Canyon Sandstone Member (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (3)
-
Maiolica Limestone (2)
-
Mist Mountain Formation (1)
-
Murihiku Supergroup (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (3)
-
Newark Supergroup (2)
-
Nicoya Complex (1)
-
Nugget Sandstone (3)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (2)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (4)
-
Hawkesbury Sandstone (2)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
Dinwoody Formation (3)
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (8)
-
Spathian (1)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Doig Formation (7)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (9)
-
Narrabeen Group (1)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Shublik Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian (4)
-
Chinle Formation (5)
-
Dockum Group (1)
-
Keuper (3)
-
Mercia Mudstone (2)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (7)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Petrified Forest Member (1)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (2)
-
-
Shinarump Member (1)
-
Stormberg Series (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (5)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
Yanshanian (2)
-
-
MIS 2 (4)
-
MIS 3 (2)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 6 (2)
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (2)
-
Bowers Supergroup (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (3)
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Conasauga Group (3)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Kinzers Formation (2)
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
Tommotian (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (4)
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Maynardville Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Huanglong Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (11)
-
-
Manning Canyon Shale (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (3)
-
Borden Group (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Kekiktuk Conglomerate (2)
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Tournaisian (3)
-
-
Macumber Formation (1)
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Imo Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Hinton Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (1)
-
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (6)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Brazil Formation (1)
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
Cumberland Group (1)
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (2)
-
Lee Formation (1)
-
Morrowan (2)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
Mary Lee Coal (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Desmoinesian
-
Hartshorne Sandstone (1)
-
-
Moscovian (2)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (1)
-
Morien Group (1)
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Holder Formation (1)
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
Wabaunsee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (5)
-
Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Lost Burro Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Elk Point Group (1)
-
Givetian (4)
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (2)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (3)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (4)
-
Thirtyone Formation (1)
-
Traverse Group (3)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (4)
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (2)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
Kanayut Conglomerate (1)
-
-
-
Earn Group (1)
-
Exshaw Formation (2)
-
Helderberg Group (1)
-
Knox Group (3)
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (3)
-
-
Magdalena Group (1)
-
Matapedia Group (1)
-
Merrimack Group (2)
-
middle Paleozoic (3)
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (4)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Fillmore Formation (2)
-
Floian (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Tremadocian (6)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (2)
-
Llandeilian (1)
-
Llanvirnian (4)
-
-
Tetagouche Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (6)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian (5)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (1)
-
Richmondian (2)
-
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (1)
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Cottonwood Limestone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (4)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (1)
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Queen Formation (1)
-
Seven Rivers Formation (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Ufimian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Kamthi Formation (2)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Barakar Stage (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (2)
-
Kungurian (2)
-
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Maokou Formation (2)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Park City Formation (2)
-
Phosphoria Formation (3)
-
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
-
Rotliegendes (3)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (2)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (8)
-
Raniganj Formation (1)
-
Salado Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (4)
-
-
Yates Formation (2)
-
-
Phuket Group (1)
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Road River Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (10)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Racine Dolomite (3)
-
Waldron Shale (1)
-
-
Niagaran (3)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (5)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (2)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Garhwal Group (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (2)
-
Tirrawarra Sandstone (1)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (1)
-
Woodford Shale (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (41)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Mesoarchean (5)
-
Neoarchean (9)
-
Paleoarchean (3)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (2)
-
Carrizo Mountain Formation (1)
-
Central Rand Group (2)
-
Chuar Group (2)
-
Eocambrian (2)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Hazel Formation (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (5)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Pongola Supergroup (1)
-
Prichard Formation (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Purcell System (3)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Badami Series (1)
-
Damara System (2)
-
Great Oxidation Event (3)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Isan Orogeny (2)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (4)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
Roper Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (14)
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Marinoan (2)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (6)
-
Vendian (13)
-
-
Ortega Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Francevillian (1)
-
Orosirian (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (3)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (3)
-
Saxothuringian (2)
-
Vindhyan (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (7)
-
peperite (2)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (2)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
tonalite (4)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros
-
teschenite (1)
-
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
I-type granites (2)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (8)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres (4)
-
monzonites (3)
-
pegmatite (7)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (6)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
trachydolerite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (7)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (10)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
trap rocks (3)
-
-
dacites (7)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (5)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
latite (2)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
hyaloclastite (2)
-
ignimbrite (9)
-
pumice (2)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (19)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (13)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (31)
-
volcanic ash (5)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (3)
-
eclogite (4)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (3)
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (6)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metabasite (2)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metagabbro (5)
-
metagranite (2)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (2)
-
metapelite (9)
-
metasandstone (3)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (5)
-
migmatites (3)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (6)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (10)
-
schists
-
blueschist (2)
-
greenschist (3)
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (31)
-
turbidite (48)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
micrometeorites (2)
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
lollingite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (7)
-
calcite (34)
-
dolomite (6)
-
ikaite (2)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
siderite (4)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
sphaerosiderite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (4)
-
-
fluorides
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
iron minerals (1)
-
minerals (3)
-
native elements
-
graphite (1)
-
-
nitrates (1)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (3)
-
chrome spinel (4)
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
goethite (5)
-
hematite (8)
-
hydroxides
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
iron oxides (4)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (1)
-
magnetite (3)
-
perovskite (1)
-
rutile (1)
-
spinel (4)
-
spinel group (2)
-
uraninite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (48)
-
crandallite (1)
-
francolite (1)
-
monazite (15)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
K-feldspar (8)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
coesite (2)
-
jasper (1)
-
opal (2)
-
quartz (11)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (4)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (1)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (3)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (137)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
lawsonite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
emerald (1)
-
tourmaline group (3)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (8)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (9)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
smectite (8)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (20)
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
glauconite (4)
-
muscovite (9)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
sericite (2)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
anhydrite (7)
-
barite (1)
-
gypsum (4)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (2)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
galena (1)
-
greigite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
pyrite (13)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
sphalerite (4)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (277)
-
academic institutions (1)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
Congo (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
Equatorial Guinea (1)
-
Gabon
-
Oklo (1)
-
-
-
Chad Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (3)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Eritrea (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya
-
Mount Kenya (1)
-
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (2)
-
Somali Republic (2)
-
Sudan (4)
-
Tanzania
-
Olduvai Gorge (1)
-
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Kalahari Desert (4)
-
Kufra Basin (1)
-
Limpopo Basin (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar (7)
-
Mozambique Belt (3)
-
Namib Desert (2)
-
Nile River (2)
-
Nile Valley (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Tassili n'Ajjer (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
High Atlas (5)
-
Middle Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (2)
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (2)
-
Illizi Basin (3)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (6)
-
-
Maghreb (5)
-
Morocco
-
Marrakech Morocco (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
High Atlas (5)
-
Middle Atlas (3)
-
-
Rabat Morocco (1)
-
Rif (7)
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IPOD
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Point Lookout Sandstone (1)
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Viking Formation (3)
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Franciscan Complex (3)
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Jurassic
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Clarens Formation (2)
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Lower Jurassic
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upper Liassic (4)
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Mic Mac Formation (1)
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Dogger (5)
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Xishanyao Formation (1)
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Norphlet Formation (2)
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Posidonia Shale (2)
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Rajmahal Series (1)
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Smartville Complex (1)
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Twin Creek Limestone (4)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (4)
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Bossier Formation (1)
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Brushy Basin Member (1)
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Buckner Formation (1)
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Entrada Sandstone (3)
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Fulmar Formation (1)
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Galice Formation (2)
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Hanifa Formation (1)
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Haynesville Formation (4)
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Josephine Ophiolite (2)
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Westwater Canyon Sandstone Member (1)
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lower Mesozoic (3)
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Maiolica Limestone (2)
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Statfjord Formation (2)
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Triassic
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Charlie Lake Formation (4)
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Lower Triassic
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Bunter (1)
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Middle Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Rhaetian
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Shinarump Member (1)
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upper Mesozoic (5)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (36)
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aluminum
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (30)
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Mexico
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 103
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Valmeyeran (1)
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Windsor Group (1)
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Namurian (6)
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Pennsylvanian
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Brazil Formation (1)
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Joggins Formation (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Atokan
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Desmoinesian
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Paradox Formation (1)
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Monongahela Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Cisco Group (1)
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Holder Formation (1)
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Virgilian
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Wabaunsee Group (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (5)
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Westphalian (4)
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Catskill Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Keg River Formation (1)
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Lost Burro Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (2)
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Marcellus Shale (2)
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Moscow Formation (1)
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Onondaga Limestone (3)
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Millboro Shale (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (4)
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Thirtyone Formation (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (2)
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Grosmont Formation (1)
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Kanayut Conglomerate (1)
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Earn Group (1)
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Exshaw Formation (2)
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Helderberg Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Ashe Formation (1)
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Cape Phillips Formation (3)
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Magdalena Group (1)
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middle Paleozoic (3)
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Ordovician
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Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (4)
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Fillmore Formation (2)
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Manitou Formation (1)
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Tremadocian (6)
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Tetagouche Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Juniata Formation (1)
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Katian (2)
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Maquoketa Formation (1)
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Wufeng Formation (1)
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Yeoman Formation (1)
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Utica Shale (1)
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Valmy Formation (1)
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Permian
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Cutler Formation (1)
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Guadalupian
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Grayburg Formation (1)
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Queen Formation (1)
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Wordian (1)
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Kaibab Formation (1)
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Lower Permian
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Wolfcampian (2)
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Maokou Formation (2)
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Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
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Upper Permian
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Changxing Formation (1)
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Lopingian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (8)
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Raniganj Formation (1)
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Salado Formation (1)
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Zechstein (4)
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Yates Formation (2)
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Phuket Group (1)
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Road River Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Llandovery
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Qalibah Formation (1)
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Tuscarora Formation (1)
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Wenlock (10)
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Niagaran (3)
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Ludlow (5)
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Taiyuan Formation (2)
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upper Paleozoic
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Antrim Shale (1)
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Weber Sandstone (1)
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plate tectonics (580)
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Precambrian
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Brockman Iron Formation (2)
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Lewisian Complex (5)
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Nonesuch Shale (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Sinian
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Windermere System (1)
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Vadito Group (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
reconstruction
Cenozoic surface Earth system evolution and dynamic palaeogeomorphic reconstruction from the Tibet Plateau to the Western Pacific linked by the Yangtze River Available to Purchase
Early Miocene to Pliocene magmatic and structural evolution of the Gulf of California margin in central Baja California (Mexico): The Mulegé–La Trinidad region, Baja California Sur Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The volcanic stratigraphy of the central Gulf of California margin of the Baja California peninsula preserves a valuable record of the transition from subduction of the Farallon plate (24–12 Ma) to oblique rifting (<12 Ma). Although strike-slip faults (as well as normal faults) are common in oblique rifts and are abundant on the new (younger than 6 Ma) seafloor in the Gulf of California, none has been previously reported in the onshore central Baja California margin. This study focused on a previously unmapped region in the central Baja California margin near Mulegé, where we identified a strike-slip fault, termed the Potrero fault, and described the regional magmatic and structural context for this fault. We did this by using geologic mapping of volcanic-volcaniclastic lithofacies, supported by petrography, geochemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. The Potrero fault is a vertical fault that strikes N10°W, with dextral-oblique (down-to-the-east) slip. This fault juxtaposes older rocks on the west with younger rocks on the east. The older rocks on the west side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Middle Comondú Group, which is early Miocene in age. They consist largely of a >800 m red bed sequence of coarse-grained andesitic volcanic debris-flow deposits (proximal facies) that transition westward into fluvial conglomerates and sandstones (distal facies). The proximal facies has interstratified coarse-grained trachyandesite block-and-ash-flow tuffs with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.72 ± 0.24 Ma. This section is cut by mafic- to intermediate-composition dikes, with lesser plugs, that have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 16.88 ± 0.30 Ma to 14.85 ± 0.05 Ma. This early Miocene assemblage is truncated by an angular unconformity and overlain by Pliocene high-Sr/Y trachyandesite lavas, with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 4.02 ± 0.04 Ma. The younger rocks on the east side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Upper Comondú Group, which is middle to late Miocene in age. This unit is dominated by small lava shields, with diameters of 2–9 km and thicknesses up to 300 m. The lava shields have basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, high-Sr/Y trachyandesite, and dacite compositions, with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.39 ± 0.03 Ma to 10.74 ± 0.08 Ma (four samples). At two localities in the map area, the Upper Comondú Group lava shields rest in angular unconformity on the Middle Comondú Group red beds and dikes, and the eruptive equivalents of the dikes are missing along this unconformity. We correlated this unconformity with the unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group on the west side of the Potrero fault to estimate a vertical component of slip of at least 800 m down-to-the-east across the Potrero fault. The lateral component of slip is not known, because the regions to the north and south are unmapped, so piercing points cannot be identified. The Middle Comondú Group in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area forms part of a regionally extensive, early Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, that outcrops for a distance of 500 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. It thickens and coarsens eastward, through what is now the Concepción Peninsula, where it also contains early Miocene dikes and hypabyssal intrusions and is similarly capped by an angular unconformity, with eruptive equivalents of the dikes and intrusions missing along the unconformity. We propose that the laterally extensive Middle Comondú Group was deposited in a rift basin, bounded by a west-dipping normal fault system that lay to the east of what is now the Concepción Peninsula, in the present-day offshore Gulf of California. We infer that the thick, coarse-grained volcanic andesitic debris-flow deposits of the Middle Comondú Group were shed from large andesite arc stratovolcanoes (Comondú arc) that also lay to the east in the present-day Gulf of California. We interpret the volumetrically minor block-and-ash-flow tuffs, dikes, and hypabyssal intrusions of the Middle Comondú Group to record minor magmatism in a forearc position. We also suggest that the angular unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group records thermal uplift that occurred as the arc axis swept westward (trenchward) into the region, at ca. 14 Ma, due to continued slab rollback that began in the Oligocene under western Mexico. The Upper Comondú Group lavas in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form part of a Middle to Upper Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, which outcrops for a distance of 700 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. This unit consists largely of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas erupted from stratovolcanoes in the axis of the Comondú arc. The Upper Comondú Group lavas thicken dramatically eastward toward the Bahía Concepción fault, a down-to-the-west normal fault that bounds the Concepción Peninsula on its west side. We thus infer that this fault became active in middle Miocene time (14 Ma). This fault records westward encroachment of normal faulting concurrent with the westward sweep of the arc axis, from the Gulf of California into Baja California. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas that form the structurally highest part of the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form an erosional escarpment that does not extend to the Potrero fault, so the lavas cannot be used to determine whether the Potrero fault was active before, during, or after their eruption. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas are a previously unidentified part of the regional postsubduction suite of “bajaites,” attributed to slab window magmatism.