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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
realgar
Zhengminghuaite, Cu 6 Fe 3 As 4 S 12 , a new sulfosalt mineral from the Zimudang Carlin-type gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou, China Available to Purchase
Markwelchite, TlPbSbS 3 , a new Tl–Pb sulfosalt from the hydrothermal deposit of Jas Roux, Hautes-Alpes, France Open Access
Geogenic, Anthropogenic, and Authigenic Minerals Hosting Arsenic and Antimony in Yellowknife Bay Sediments Available to Purchase
Ermakovite (NH 4 )(As 2 O 3 ) 2 Br, a new exhalative arsenite bromide mineral from the Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan Available to Purchase
U-Pb VEIN CALCITE DATING REVEALS THE AGE OF CARLIN-TYPE GOLD DEPOSITS OF CENTRAL YUKON AND A CONTEMPORANEITY WITH A REGIONAL INTRUSION-RELATED METALLOGENIC EVENT Available to Purchase
Gungerite, TlAs 5 Sb 4 S 13 , a new thallium sulfosalt with a complex structure containing covalent As-As bonds Available to Purchase
Nanoscale isotopic evidence resolves origins of giant Carlin-type ore deposits Open Access
Cuyaite, Ca 2 Mn 3+ As 3+ 14 O 24 Cl, a new mineral with an arsenite framework from near Cuya, Camarones Valley, Chile. Available to Purchase
In situ remediation of arsenic-rich mine tailings using slag zero valence iron Available to Purchase
Mineralogy and Weathering of Realgar-rich Tailings At a Former As-Sb-Cr Mine At Lojane, North Macedonia Available to Purchase
Comparison of the Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl Deposit, Republic of Macedonia, with Carlin-Type Gold Deposits Available to Purchase
Abstract The Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl deposit is situated in the western part of the Vardar zone, the main suture zone along the contact between the Adriatic and the Eurasian tectonic plates. It is spatially and temporally associated with a Pliocene (~5 Ma) postcollisional high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic volcano-plutonic center. The Allchar deposit shares many distinctive features with Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, including its location near a terrain-bounding fault in an area of low-magnitude extension and intense magmatism. The mineralization is mostly hosted in calcareous sedimentary rocks at intersections of high-angle faults in permeable stratigraphy. The alteration types (carbonate dissolution, silicification, and argillization), ore mineralogy (auriferous arsenian pyrite and marcasite, stibnite, realgar, orpiment, and lorandite), high Au/Ag ratios, and low base metal contents are also typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada. However, the Allchar deposit differs from Nevada Carlin-type gold deposits as follows: it is an isolated Au prospect with a close spatial and temporal relationship to a shoshonitic volcano-plutonic center in a mineral belt dominated by intrusion-related Cu-Au porphyry, skarn, and hydrothermal polymetallic deposits. The deposit is clearly zoned (proximal Au-Sb to distal As-Tl), it has a significantly higher Tl content, trace elements in pyrite and marcasite are homogeneously distributed, and synore dolomitization is a widespread alteration type. Gold mineralization is most abundant in the southern part of the deposit. It occurs mostly as invisible Au in disseminated pyrite or marcasite and as rare native Au grains. Gold mineralization is accompanied by intense decarbonatization and silicification. Fluid inclusions and the hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblage indicate that Au was deposited from hot (>200°C), saline (up to ~21 wt % NaCl equiv), moderately acidic (pH <5) fluids that carried traces of magmatic H 2 S and CO 2 . In the calcareous host rocks, mixing of such fluids with cool, dilute, near-neutral groundwater triggered deposition of Au and Fe sulfides. In Tertiary tuff, isocon analysis shows that sulfidation of preexisting Fe minerals was a critical factor for deposition of Au and Fe sulfides. Antimony mineralization prevails in the central part of the deposit, and it is mostly associated with dark-gray to black jasperoid. Stibnite, the most common Sb mineral in the Allchar deposit, occurs as fine-grained disseminations in jasperoid and as fine- to coarsely crystalline masses that fill vugs and fracture zones lined with drusy quartz. Fluid inclusions entrapped by stibnite-bearing jasperoid, quartz, and calcite crystals suggest that stibnite was deposited from more dilute and cooled fluids (aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions: 6.0–3.5 wt % NaCl equiv, T h = 102°−125°C; aqueous fluid inclusions: 14.5 and 17.1 wt % NaCl equiv, T h = 120°−165°C). In contrast to stibnite, As sulfides (orpiment and realgar) and Tl mineralization are associated with argillic alteration. Fluid inclusions hosted by realgar, orpiment, dolomite, and lorandite record deposition from more dilute (2.6–6.9 wt % NaCl equiv) and relatively cold fluids (T H = 120°−152°C) enriched in K. Isocon diagrams show a tight link between Tl and the low-temperature argillic alteration as well as a significant correlation between Tl and K. The spatial relationship of Tl mineralization with dolomite suggests that Tl deposition was also promoted by neutralization of acidic fluids. The δ D and δ 18 O data obtained from gangue minerals and fluid inclusions indicate that magmatic fluid mixed with exchanged meteoric water at deep levels and with unexchanged meteoric water at shallow levels in the system. The δ 13 C and δ 18 O values of carbonate minerals and extracted fluid inclusions suggest mixing of carbonate rock buffered fluids with magmatic and atmospheric CO 2 . The sulfur isotope values of early disseminated pyrite and marcasite show that H 2 S was initially derived from diagenetic pyrite in sedimentary rocks. In contrast, Sb and As mineralization indicate a strong input of magmatic H 2 S during the main mineralization stage. Late-stage botryoidal pyrite and marcasite are depleted in 34 S, which indicates a diminishing magmatic influence and predominance of sulfur from sedimentary sources during the late-mineralization stage. Fractionation of isotopically light sulfide species from isotopically heavy sulfates due to oxidation under increased oxygen fugacity cannot be excluded.