Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Alpine Fault (1)
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Bohaiwan Basin (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
Jiyang Depression (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Newcastle Australia (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Hamersley Basin (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Torlesse Terrane (1)
-
Waipaoa River (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
-
Ruhr (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
Italy
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Wallonia Belgium
-
Hainaut Belgium
-
Tournai Belgium (1)
-
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Ayrshire Scotland
-
Girvan Scotland (1)
-
-
Moray Firth (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
Maverick Basin (1)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Basin (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Sinaloa Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
Mill Creek (1)
-
North America
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (4)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Transcontinental Arch (1)
-
-
North Island (2)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Permian Basin (1)
-
San Joaquin Basin (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Peru
-
Puno Peru (1)
-
-
-
South Island (3)
-
Sydney Basin (1)
-
Taranaki Basin (2)
-
United States
-
Arizona
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Clark County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California
-
Kern County California (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
La Plata County Colorado (1)
-
Needle Mountains (1)
-
San Juan County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Mississippi
-
Hancock County Mississippi (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
-
Oklahoma
-
Le Flore County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Texas
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Canyonlands National Park (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Big Horn County Wyoming (1)
-
Park County Wyoming (1)
-
Washakie County Wyoming (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (3)
-
bitumens (2)
-
construction materials
-
cement materials (1)
-
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
limestone deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (3)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (2)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
-
halogens
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (6)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Placodermi (1)
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
U/Pb (4)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Temblor Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Baynunah Formation (1)
-
Messinian (1)
-
Mount Messenger Formation (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (2)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (2)
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
turbidite (5)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
calcite (6)
-
dolomite (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
microcline (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (4)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (4)
-
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
orpiment (1)
-
pyrite (2)
-
realgar (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (5)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Bohaiwan Basin (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
Jiyang Depression (1)
-
-
-
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Newcastle Australia (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Hamersley Basin (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Torlesse Terrane (1)
-
Waipaoa River (1)
-
-
-
bitumens (2)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Temblor Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Baynunah Formation (1)
-
Messinian (1)
-
Mount Messenger Formation (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (2)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Placodermi (1)
-
-
-
-
construction materials
-
cement materials (1)
-
-
crust (2)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (2)
-
diagenesis (16)
-
economic geology (1)
-
engineering geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
-
Ruhr (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
Italy
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Wallonia Belgium
-
Hainaut Belgium
-
Tournai Belgium (1)
-
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Ayrshire Scotland
-
Girvan Scotland (1)
-
-
Moray Firth (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (11)
-
folds (3)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (5)
-
geophysical methods (2)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
ground water (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (5)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
limestone deposits (1)
-
magmas (1)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Basin (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (3)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
metasomatism (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Sinaloa Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
micropaleontology (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
minerals (1)
-
North America
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (4)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Transcontinental Arch (1)
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 181
-
ODP Site 1122 (1)
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
paleogeography (4)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (2)
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian (1)
-
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
paragenesis (5)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (2)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
petrology (2)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
plate tectonics (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (1)
-
sea-level changes (5)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone (2)
-
wackestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
evaporites (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
litharenite (2)
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
sublitharenite (1)
-
-
argillite (2)
-
arkose (1)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate
-
quartz-pebble conglomerate (1)
-
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (8)
-
red beds (2)
-
sandstone (25)
-
shale (6)
-
siltstone (2)
-
subarkose (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (4)
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-laminations (1)
-
cross-stratification (2)
-
laminations (1)
-
massive bedding (1)
-
sand bodies (2)
-
-
turbidity current structures (2)
-
-
sedimentation (4)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (3)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
soils (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Peru
-
Puno Peru (1)
-
-
-
stratigraphy (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
-
tectonics (6)
-
United States
-
Arizona
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Clark County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California
-
Kern County California (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
La Plata County Colorado (1)
-
Needle Mountains (1)
-
San Juan County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Mississippi
-
Hancock County Mississippi (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
-
Oklahoma
-
Le Flore County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Texas
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Canyonlands National Park (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Big Horn County Wyoming (1)
-
Park County Wyoming (1)
-
Washakie County Wyoming (1)
-
-
-
-
rock formations
-
Elliot Formation (1)
-
Fort Union Formation (1)
-
Garn Formation (1)
-
San Andres Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
contourite (1)
-
flysch (1)
-
pozzolan (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone (2)
-
wackestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
evaporites (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
litharenite (2)
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
sublitharenite (1)
-
-
argillite (2)
-
arkose (1)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate
-
quartz-pebble conglomerate (1)
-
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (8)
-
red beds (2)
-
sandstone (25)
-
shale (6)
-
siltstone (2)
-
subarkose (2)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
turbidite (5)
-
volcaniclastics (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (4)
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-laminations (1)
-
cross-stratification (2)
-
laminations (1)
-
massive bedding (1)
-
sand bodies (2)
-
-
turbidity current structures (2)
-
-
-
sediments
-
contourite (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (3)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
turbidite (5)
-
volcaniclastics (1)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils (1)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
point counts
Characteristics and diagenetic model of hyperpycnite reservoirs in the gentle slope of a lacustrine rift basin: A case study from the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Bonan sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China Available to Purchase
The influence of sedimentary facies, mineralogy, and diagenesis on reservoir properties of the coal-bearing Upper Carboniferous of NW Germany Available to Purchase
Provenance of a Late Permian retroarc foreland basin along the eastern Gondwanan margin: northern Sydney Basin, eastern Australia Open Access
Continuous versus punctuated vein widening in the Marcellus Formation, USA: the fine line between pressure fringes and hydraulic fractures Available to Purchase
Provenance of early Paleogene strata in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA): Implications for Laramide tectonism and basin-scale stratigraphic patterns Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA) contains some of the most extensively exposed and studied nonmarine early Paleogene strata in the world. Over a century of research has produced a highly resolved record of early Paleogene terrestrial climatic and biotic change as well as extensive documentation of spatiotemporal variability in basin-scale stratigraphy. The basin also offers the opportunity to integrate these data with the uplift and erosional history of the adjacent Laramide ranges. Herein, we provide a comprehensive provenance analysis of the early Paleogene Fort Union and Willwood Formations in the Bighorn Basin from paleocurrent measurements ( n > 550 measurements), sandstone compositions ( n = 76 thin sections), and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology ( n = 2631 new and compiled age determinations) obtained from fluvial sand bodies distributed widely across the basin. Broadly, we observed data consistent with (1) erosion of Mesozoic strata from the Bighorn and Owl Creek Mountains and transport into the eastern and southern basin; (2) erosion of Paleozoic sedimentary cover and crystalline basement from the Beartooth Mountains eastward into the northern Bighorn Basin; (3) conglomeratic fluxes of sediment from the Teton Range or Sevier fold-and-thrust belt to the southwestern Bighorn Basin; and (4) potential sediment provision to the basin via the Absaroka Basin that was ultimately derived from more distal sources in the Tobacco Root Mountains and Madison Range. Similar to previous studies, we found evidence for a system of transverse rivers contributing water and sediment to an axial river system that drained north into southern Montana during both the Paleocene and Eocene. Within our paleodrainage and provenance reconstruction, the basin-scale patterns in stratigraphy within the Fort Union and Willwood Formations appear to have been largely driven by catchment size and the lithologies eroded from the associated highlands. Mudrock-dominated strata in the eastern and southeastern Bighorn Basin were caused by comparably smaller catchment areas and the finer-grained siliciclastic strata eroded from nearby ranges. The conglomeratic and sand-dominated strata of the southwestern area of the Bighorn Basin were caused by large, braided fluvial systems with catchments that extended into the Sevier thrust belt, where more resistant source lithologies, including Neoproterozoic quartzites, were eroded. The northernmost early Paleogene strata represent the coalescence of these fluvial systems as well as rivers and catchments that extended into southwestern Montana that contained more resistant, crystalline lithologies. These factors generated the thick, laterally extensive fluvial sand bodies common in that area of the basin. When combined with provenance patterns in adjacent Laramide basins, our data indicate asymmetric unroofing histories on either side of the Bighorn and Owl Creek Mountains. The Powder River Basin to the east of the Bighorn Mountains displays a clear Precambrian crystalline provenance, and the Wind River Basin to the south of the Owl Creek Mountains displays provenance similarities to Lower Paleozoic strata, in contrast to provenance in the Bighorn Basin, which indicates less substantial unroofing. We infer that the differing unroofing histories are due to the dominant vergence direction of the underlying basement reverse faults. Overall, this provenance pattern persisted until ca. 50 Ma, when more proximal igneous and volcaniclastic units associated with the Absaroka and Challis volcanics became major sediment sources and the Idaho River system became the dominant transport system in the area.
Fractal distribution of mineral species among the crystallographic point groups Available to Purchase
Combining process-based models and multiple-point geostatistics for improved reservoir modelling Available to Purchase
Geological development and regional significance of an oceanic magmatic arc and its sedimentary cover: Permian Brook Street Terrane, South Island, New Zealand Available to Purchase
Abstract The c. 450 km-long Brook Street Terrane (pre-Alpine Fault displacement) sheds light on processes of arc magmatism and related sedimentation. A very thick (up to 15 km) succession accumulated south of the Alpine Fault in the Takitimu Mountains during the Early Permian. Predominant arc-flank talus is intercalated with basic extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. Volcaniclastic sediments mainly accumulated by mass-flow and turbidity current processes. The sediments were mostly derived from differentiated, arc-core, basaltic–andesitic rocks, contrasting with less evolved arc-flank flows and minor intrusions. Some igneous rocks are mildly enriched, supporting an extensional back-arc setting. After volcanism ended, Middle–Late Permian mixed carbonate–volcaniclastic gravity-flow deposits were derived from a non-exposed carbonate platform. Other volcanogenic successions in the south (Bluff, Riverton) represent smaller eruptive centres. In contrast, north of the Alpine Fault (e.g. Nelson), volcanism began with mostly felsic tuffaceous gravity-flow deposits, followed by extrusion/intrusion of clinopyroxene-rich, primitive magmas, related to arc rifting, and ended with an accumulation of a mixed basic–felsic volcaniclastic forearc apron. Taking account of regional comparisons, the Early Permian arc is interpreted as having formed adjacent to Gondwana (on accreted or trapped oceanic lithosphere), whereas the lithologies north of the Alpine Fault represent contrasting Late Permian continental arc magmatism.
Mid–Late Permian Upukerora Formation, South Island, New Zealand: fault-controlled mass wasting of the Early Permian Dun Mountain ophiolite and initiation of the Permian–Triassic Maitai continental margin forearc basin Available to Purchase
Abstract The Dun Mountain ophiolite and related oceanic-arc rocks (Otama Complex) formed above a westward-dipping subduction zone within Panthalassa, with implications for the emplacement of Cordilleran-type ophiolites and arcs elsewhere. The ophiolite is overlain by the Mid–Late Permian Upukerora Formation (up to 850 m), a predominantly very coarse breccia-conglomerate that mainly accumulated by mass flow. Lesser amounts of sediment accumulated from turbidity currents and as background hemipelagic sediments. The succession unconformably overlies ophiolitic basaltic or, rarely, gabbroic rocks after a regional hiatus. Much of the coarse clastic debris was derived from the underlying ophiolite. However, clasts of plagioclase-phyric basalt, felsic volcanics and quartz-bearing intrusive rocks, including plagiogranite, are over-represented compared to the ophiolite. The evolved igneous material was derived from an incipient oceanic arc (the Otama Complex) that bordered or covered the ophiolite, especially in the south. The coarse clastic material accumulated following the activation of north–south-trending, subaqueous, extensional growth faults within the underlying oceanic crust. Large blocks of mainly basalt, diabase and gabbro were also shed down fault scarps from relatively shallow-water to deeper-water settings. Fault-controlled talus accumulated soon after Mid-Permian docking of the ophiolite and oceanic arc with SE Gondwana to initiate the Mid-Permian–Mid-Triassic Maitai continental margin forearc basin.