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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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dacites (5)
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Mesozoic
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metals
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actinides
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alkaline earth metals
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lead
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sedimentary structures
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channels (1)
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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stratification (2)
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sediments
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marine sediments (3)
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volcaniclastics (7)
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soils
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paleosols (2)
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plinian-type eruptions
The late Holocene Nealtican lava-flow field, Popocatépetl volcano, central Mexico: Emplacement dynamics and future hazards
The products of primary magma fragmentation finally revealed by pumice agglomerates
Early Miocene calc-alkaline felsic tuffs within deep-marine turbidites in the Kyrenia Range, north Cyprus, with a possible post-collisional eruptive centre in western Anatolia
Pompeian hiatuses: new stratigraphic data highlight pauses in the course of the ad 79 eruption at Pompeii
The Late Bronze Age Eruption of Santorini Volcano and Its Impact on the Ancient Mediterranean World
Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System
Volcanic hazard scenarios for multiphase andesitic Plinian eruptions from lithostratigraphy: Insights into pyroclastic density current diversity at Mount Taranaki, New Zealand
Tracking large volcanic eruptions and their regional variability
Volatile dilution during magma injections and implications for volcano explosivity
The Lower Jurassic Hanson Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains: implications for the Antarctic sector of the Gondwana plate margin
Stratigraphy and physical parameters of the Plinian phase of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption
Where is the Hot Rock and Where is the Ground Water – Using CSAMT to Map Beneath and Around Mount St. Helens
Distal ash hurricane (pyroclastic density current) deposits from a ca. 2000 yr B.P. Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée, Martinique: Distribution, grain-size characteristics, and implications for future hazard
Discovery of a large 2.4 Ma Plinian eruption of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, from the marine sediment record
Explosive to effusive transition during the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century (Novarupta 1912, Alaska)
Erosional characteristics and behavior of large pyroclastic density currents
Complex magma mixing, mingling, and withdrawal associated with an intra-Plinian ignimbrite eruption at a large silicic caldera volcano: Los Humeros of central Mexico
The 2 ka Eruption of Misti Volcano, Southern Peru—The Most Recent Plinian Eruption of Arequipa’s Iconic Volcano
Misti volcano in southern Peru has a record of explosive eruptions and a nearby population of over 810,000, making it a hazardous volcano. The city center of Arequipa, Peru's second most populous city, is 15 km from the summit of Misti, and many neighborhoods are closer. As the population increases yearly, the urban boundary continues to move up the south side of the volcano. Many parts of the city are built upon the deposits from Misti's most recent Plinian eruption at ca. 2 ka. The 2 ka Plinian eruption (Volcanic Explosivity Index [VEI] 5) produced a 1.4 km 3 tephra-fall deposit and 0.01 km 3 of pyroclastic-flow deposits in ~2–5 h. Column height varied during the eruption but ascended up to 29 km. Pyroclastic flows descended only the south side of the volcano. The tephra fall spread southwest, resulting in ~20 cm of tephra accumulation in the area now occupied by the city center. The flowage deposits were previously identified as pyroclastic-flow deposits, but new sedimentologic and textural evidence suggests that ~80% (by volume) of the deposits were emplaced wet and relatively cold. As such, they are lahar deposits. A Neoglacial advance concurrent with the eruption supports evidence for voluminous snow and ice on the edifice. Pyroclastic flows melted between 0.01 km 3 and 0.04 km 3 of ice and snow on the volcano, triggering lahars that descended the volcano and inundated channels and some interfluves on the south flank. The lahars evolved downstream from proximal debris flows to distal hyperconcentrated flows, emplacing ~0.04 km 3 of deposits. Four facies of lahar deposits are present in the channels and another facies occurs on the interfluves. Such a comprehensive understanding of the 2 ka eruption will help to inform future volcanic hazards assessments. Pyroclastic-flow and tephra-fall deposits of the same magnitude could occur again and are useful in hazards assessment. The 2 ka lahars required voluminous water, which is no longer available on the volcano, and, within modern climate conditions, these deposits are not representative of possible future events. Estimations of water available from modern rain and snow suggest that lahars with volumes between 1 × 10 5 m 3 and 3 × 10 6 m 3 are possible. Lahars are more likely if an eruption occurs during a period of high snow accumulation or during subsequent heavy rainfall. Lahars up to 1 × 10 7 m 3 are possible if the Río Chili is dammed during an eruption. Lahar hazard zones generated using these volumes suggest the largest lahars could enter Arequipa.