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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Xinjiang China
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Taklimakan Desert (1)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Philippine Sea
Complexity of the Oligocene meridional motion of the Philippine Sea Plate
Do microcontinents nucleate subduction initiation?
First identification of a Cathaysian continental fragment beneath the Gagua Ridge, Philippine Sea, and its tectonic implications
In Situ Geochemical Compositions of the Minerals in Basaltic Rocks from the West Philippine Basin: Constraints on Source Lithology and Magmatic Processes
Sources and origins of eolian dust to the Philippine Sea determined by major minerals and elemental geochemistry
Late Miocene–mid-Pliocene tectonically induced formation of the semi-closed Japan Sea, inferred from seawater Nd isotopes
Clay-mineral assemblages across the Nankai-Shikoku subduction system, offshore Japan: A synthesis of results from the NanTroSEIZE project
The uppermost mantle section below a remnant proto-Philippine Sea island arc: Insights from the peridotite fragments from the Daito Ridge
Lithologic control of frictional strength variations in subduction zone sediment inputs
Localized tsunamigenic earthquakes inferred from preferential distribution of coastal boulders on the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Upwelling, rifting, and age-progressive magmatism from the Oki-Daito mantle plume
Improvements of the Maximum Intersection Method for 3D Absolute Earthquake Locations
Lower crustal H 2 O controls on the formation of adakitic melts
Tectonic evolution of the Ankara Mélange and associated Eldivan ophiolite near Hançili, central Turkey
Structural field studies and geochemical and age analyses of the Eldivan ophiolite, which is dismembered within the Ankara Mélange, indicates that it developed as a supra-subduction zone basin within the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean, which later subducted to form the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone through continental block collision. Whole-rock and mineral geochemical evidence show a supra-subduction zone tectonomagmatic affinity for the ophiolitic crust and mantle, revealing that this basin formed in the upper plate of an intra-oceanic subduction zone. Structural restoration of the sheeted dike complex reveals that the supra-subduction zone spreading ridge of the Eldivan ophiolite was nearly parallel to the Sakarya-Pontide continental margin. U/Pb age analyses of detrital zircon in sandstone within the mélange and in the unconformably overlying Karadağ Formation indicate maximum depositional ages for the units of 143.2 ±2 Ma, and 105.2 ±5 Ma, respectively. Thus, thrust imbrication of the ophiolite and the development of serpentinite mélange were mostly complete by 105 Ma, as indicated by an angular unconformity between the ophiolitic units and the overlying Karadağ Formation. These results reveal how and when the Eldivan ophiolite was constructed, destructed, and incorporated into the serpentinite Ankara Mélange and İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone. The tectonic evolution of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean is similar to that of the Philippine Sea and Banda Sea ocean basins.
Termination of backarc spreading: Zircon dating of a giant oceanic core complex
The West Mariana Ridge, western Pacific Ocean: Geomorphology and processes from new multibeam data
Enigmatic, highly active left-lateral shear zone in southwest Japan explained by aseismic ridge collision
Marine surveys show that the submarine Huatung Ridge extends northward to the Lichi Mélange in the southwestern Coastal Range, suggesting that formation of the Lichi Mélange is related to arcward thrusting of the forearc strata in the western part of the North Luzon Trough during active arc-continent collision off southern Taiwan. A new seismic survey along the 21° N transect across the North Luzon Trough in the incipient arc-continent collision zone further reveals that deformation of the Huatung Ridge occurred soon after sedimentation in the western forearc basin, whereas sedimentation was continuous in the eastern part of the remnant North Luzon Trough until the complete closure of the forearc basin approaching SE Taiwan. This suggests that the sequence in the Huatung Ridge can be coeval with just the lower sequence of the remnant-forearc-basin strata. Multiple lines of new evidence, including micropaleontology, clay mineralogy, and fission track analyses along the Mukeng River and its tributary key sections, are used to test this thrusting-forearc-origin hypothesis of the Lichi Mélange. In the SW Coastal Range the Lichi Mélange lies between the collision suture of Longitudinal Valley to the west and the Taiyuan remnant forearc basin to the east. A field survey indicates that the Taiyuan forearc-basin sequence and its volcanic basement were thrust westward over the Lichi Mélange along the east-dipping Tuluanshan Fault. The Lichi Mélange shows varying degrees of fragmentation of strata, mixing, and shearing. An apparently wide range of facies is present, from the weakly sheared broken formation facies, with discernible relict sedimentary structures, to the intensely sheared block-in-matrix mélange facies, with pervasively scaly foliation dipping to the SE. Sedimentological study reveals that the subangular to subrounded, fractured, matrix-supported metasandstone conglomerates in the pebbly mudstone layers are repeatedly found in the broken formation facies of the Lichi Mélange. Their composition and occurrence are identical to the deep-sea-fan conglomerate beds in the Taiyuan remnant-forearc-basin strata to the east. Benthic foraminiferal faunas are similar in the Lichi Mélange, regardless of the varying intensity of shearing and strata disruptions, and are compatible with the benthic foraminiferal fauna in the Taiyuan remnant-forearc-basin turbidites, supporting the interpretation that the protolith of the Lichi Mélange was originally deposited in the North Luzon Trough. Age determination of planktic microfossils further demonstrates that the Lichi Mélange is early Pliocene (3.5–3.7 Ma), implying that this mélange was deposited in a short time and that deformation occurred soon after its deposition. The early Pliocene age of the Lichi Mélange is coeval with just the lower part of the Taiyuan remnant forearc strata, and is much younger than the upper forearc sequence (3–1 Ma). Thus the Taiyuan coherent-forearc-basin strata (3.7–1 Ma) were deposited continuously in the remnant North Luzon Trough regardless of the deformation in its western part (the protomélange). This scenario is an analogue for the modern configuration of the Huatung Ridge–remnant North Luzon Trough off the southern Coastal Range in the active arc-continent collision zone north of lat 21° N. In addition to its kaolinite content (11–15%), the clay mineral composition of the Lichi Mélange is compatible with the Taiyuan remnant forearc turbidites. In the Coastal Range, kaolinites are found only in the volcanic rocks of the Tuluanshan Formation. This additional kaolinite in the Lichi Mélange could not have been derived from the exposed accretionary prism to the North Luzon Trough by sedimentary mass slumping, because no such volcanic rocks are now exposed in the accretionary prism west of the Coastal Range. Instead, they could have been derived from the Tuluanshan Formation when it was emplaced into the Lichi Mélange by thrusting during the last 1 Ma when the Luzon arc-forearc was accreted to form the southern Coastal Range. Thus the kaolinites of the volcanic arc rocks were redistributed into the Lichi Mélange by fluid flows along the ubiquitous geological fractures in the mélange, consistent with the field occurrences of the large, rootless, fault-bounded volcanic rocks of andesitic breccia, tuff, and agglomerates that were floating in the intensely sheared block-in-matrix mélange facies of the Lichi Mélange. Mélange is commonly considered to develop in the accretionary prism of a subduction zone. However, the Lichi Mélange in the SW Coastal Range originated from the thrust forearc strata, representing a unique forearc mélange for orogenic belts worldwide. The young age and wide distribution—especially the continuous offshore-onshore connection—of the Lichi Mélange provides a unique example for further research into active modern mélange-forming processes by forearc thrusting during progressive closure of the forearc basin in this active region of arc-continent collision.