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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island
-
Brogger Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia (1)
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Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Jammu and Kashmir
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Ladakh (1)
-
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
West Siberia
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Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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South Atlantic
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Cape Basin (1)
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-
Australasia
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Australia
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New South Wales Australia
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Gunnedah Basin (1)
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Queensland Australia (1)
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South Australia (1)
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Tamworth Belt (1)
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Bowen Basin (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (3)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
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Ontario
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Toronto Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Gaspe Peninsula (1)
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North Saskatchewan River (1)
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Nunavut
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Haughton impact structure (1)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands (2)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Edmonton Alberta (1)
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British Columbia (3)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Northwest Territories
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Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (1)
-
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Saskatchewan
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Saskatoon Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory
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Klondike (1)
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Chalk Aquifer (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Siberian Lowland (1)
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Cornwallis Island (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Western Alps
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Savoy Alps
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Vanoise (1)
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-
-
-
Carpathians
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Slovakian Carpathians
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Low Tatra Mountains (1)
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-
Central Europe
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Slovakia
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Slovakian Carpathians
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Low Tatra Mountains (1)
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Southern Europe
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Romania
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Transylvania
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Bihor Mountains (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Beauce (1)
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Central Massif (1)
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Haute-Savoie France
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Savoy Alps
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Vanoise (1)
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Paris Basin (2)
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Savoie France (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Kent England (2)
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London Basin (1)
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Yorkshire England
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North Yorkshire England (1)
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
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Scottish Northern Highlands (1)
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Front Range (1)
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Galilee Basin (1)
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North America
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Great Lakes
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North American Cordillera
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Tobacco Root Mountains (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Upland (1)
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Peace River (1)
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polar regions (2)
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South America
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Andes
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Chile (1)
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Patagonia
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Sydney Basin (1)
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United States
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Alaska (3)
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Colorado
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Columbia Plateau (1)
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Illinois (2)
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Indiana
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Allen County Indiana (1)
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Iowa
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Madison County Iowa (1)
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Muscatine County Iowa (1)
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Midcontinent (1)
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Midwest (2)
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Montana
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Madison County Montana
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Tobacco Root Mountains (1)
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New Mexico
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Santa Fe County New Mexico (1)
-
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Paradox Basin (2)
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Pennsylvania
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Susquehanna County Pennsylvania (1)
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Susquehanna River basin (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Tobacco Root Mountains (1)
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Utah
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Grand County Utah (1)
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Washington (1)
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Western U.S. (1)
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-
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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C-14 (9)
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organic carbon (1)
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halogens
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (2)
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-
isotope ratios (2)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (3)
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Be-10 (3)
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C-14 (9)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (2)
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (3)
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calcium (1)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (3)
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oxygen
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia (1)
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Rodentia
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Myomorpha
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Cricetidae
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Microtus (1)
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Graptolithina (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (2)
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Insecta (1)
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Mollusca
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Gastropoda (1)
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microfossils (5)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (7)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
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-
-
-
geochronology methods
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exposure age (1)
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fission-track dating (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Th/U (2)
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thermochronology (1)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Neoglacial (1)
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Pleistocene
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Illinoian (1)
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lower Pleistocene
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Jaramillo Subchron (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian (4)
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Sartanian (2)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (3)
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Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (3)
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Wurm (1)
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upper Quaternary
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Stone Age
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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Mesozoic
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Lower Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
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MIS 5 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (1)
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Permian
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Cutler Formation (2)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Rhuddanian (1)
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Tuscarora Formation (1)
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Middle Silurian
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Rose Hill Formation (1)
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upper Paleozoic (4)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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oxides
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silicates
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clinoamphibole
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pyroxene group (1)
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framework silicates
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silica minerals
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opal (1)
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-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (1)
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clay minerals
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vermiculite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
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gypsum (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (10)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen Island
-
Brogger Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia (1)
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Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
South Atlantic
-
Cape Basin (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Gunnedah Basin (1)
-
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Queensland Australia (1)
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South Australia (1)
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Tamworth Belt (1)
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biogeography (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (3)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
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Ontario
-
Toronto Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
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North Saskatchewan River (1)
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Nunavut
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Haughton impact structure (1)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands (2)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Edmonton Alberta (1)
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British Columbia (3)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Northwest Territories
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Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan
-
Saskatoon Saskatchewan (1)
-
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Yukon Territory
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Klondike (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (9)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
Neoglacial (1)
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-
Pleistocene
-
Illinoian (1)
-
lower Pleistocene
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Jaramillo Subchron (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
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Devensian (4)
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Sartanian (2)
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Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (3)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (3)
-
-
Wurm (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia (1)
-
-
Rodentia
-
Myomorpha
-
Cricetidae
-
Microtus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (2)
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climate change (7)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (3)
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diagenesis (1)
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earthquakes (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Western Alps
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Savoy Alps
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Vanoise (1)
-
-
-
-
Carpathians
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Slovakian Carpathians
-
Low Tatra Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
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Slovakia
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Slovakian Carpathians
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Low Tatra Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Europe
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Romania
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Transylvania
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Bihor Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
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France
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Beauce (1)
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Central Massif (1)
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Haute-Savoie France
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Savoy Alps
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Vanoise (1)
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-
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Paris Basin (2)
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Savoie France (1)
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United Kingdom
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Scotland
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faults (5)
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folds (1)
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geochemistry (2)
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Graptolithina (1)
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ground water (4)
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hydrogen
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deuterium (2)
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hydrogeology (1)
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hydrology (3)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Gastropoda (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (3)
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Be-10 (3)
-
C-14 (9)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (2)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium (1)
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (3)
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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impactites
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impact breccia (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
meteorology (1)
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minerals (1)
-
North America
-
Great Lakes
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Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
Tobacco Root Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Upland (1)
-
-
oxygen
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
-
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paleoclimatology (17)
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paleoecology (6)
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paleogeography (6)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
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Hirnantian (2)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (2)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (4)
-
-
palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (7)
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permafrost (13)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
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plate tectonics (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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remote sensing (4)
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sea-level changes (2)
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sedimentary structures
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periglacial environment
Quaternary periglacial silicifications in the Paris Basin
Chronology and erosion rate of the Pinedale glaciation, Colorado Front Range (USA), inferred from the sedimentary record of glacial Lake Devlin
Development of the ground model in an area of significant faulting and periglacial legacy: case study from Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent
Cryostratigraphical studies of ground ice formation and distribution in a High Arctic polar desert landscape, Resolute Bay, Nunavut 1
Long-term nivation rates, Cathedral Massif, northwestern British Columbia
Record of coupled hillslope and channel response to Pleistocene erosion and deposition in a sandstone headwater valley, central Pennsylvania
The Observatory Gravels and the Travellers’ Rest Pit, Cambridge, England
Climate-driven thaw of permafrost preserved glacial landscapes, northwestern Canada
Abstract Periglacial environments are characterized by cold-climate non-glacial conditions and ground freezing. The coldest periglacial environments in Pleistocene Britain were underlain by permafrost (ground that remains at or below 0°C for two years or more), while many glaciated areas experienced paraglacial modification as the landscape adjusted to non-glacial conditions. The growth and melt of ground ice, supplemented by temperature-induced ground deformation, leads to periglacial disturbance and drives the periglacial debris system. Ice segregation can fracture porous bedrock and sediment, and produce an ice-rich brecciated layer in the upper metres of permafrost. This layer is vulnerable to melting and thaw consolidation, which can release debris into the active layer and, in undrained conditions, result in elevated porewater pressures and sediment deformation. Thus, an important difference arises between ground that is frost-susceptible, and hence prone to ice segregation, and ground that is not. Mass-movement, fluvial and aeolian processes operating under periglacial conditions have also contributed to reworking sediment under cold-climate conditions and the evolution of periglacial landscapes. A fundamental distinction exists between lowland landscapes, which have evolved under periglacial conditions throughout much of the Quaternary, and upland periglacial landscapes, which have largely evolved over the past c. 19 ka following retreat and downwastage of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. Periglacial landsystems provide a conceptual framework to interpret the imprint of periglacial processes on the British landscape, and to predict the engineering properties of the ground. Landsystems are distinguished according to topography, relief and the presence or absence of a sediment mantle. Four landsystems characterize both lowland and upland periglacial terrains: plateau landsystems, sediment-mantled hillslope landsystems, rock-slope landsystems, and slope-foot landsystems. Two additional landsystems are also identified in lowland terrains, where thick sequences of periglacial deposits are common: valley landsystems and buried landsystems. Finally, submerged landsystems (which may contain more than one of the above) exist on the continental shelf offshore of Great Britain. Individual landsystems contain a rich variety of periglacial, permafrost and paraglacial landforms, sediments and sedimentary structures. Key periglacial lowland landsystems are summarized using ground models for limestone plateau-clay-vale terrain and caprock-mudstone valley terrain. Upland periglacial landsystems are synthesized through ground models of relict and active periglacial landforms, supplemented by maps of upland periglacial features developed on bedrock of differing lithology.
Design and construction considerations
Abstract Relict glacial and periglacial environments are widespread, and the deposits that they are associated with mean it is inevitable that the design and construction of many projects will be influenced by their presence and nature. Tills and other glaciogenic deposits prove to be particularly challenging in this context for reasons that include: the spatial variability of the nature of the deposits; the wide range of particle sizes often included within a given soil, including large-sized particles; spatial variation in soil type and properties; variation in depth to rockhead and variable degrees of weathering and alteration; the presence of groundwater, that is misinterpreted as perched water, as well as sub-artesian and artesian conditions; the presence of solution features and fissures, partly or completely infilled with soft or loose material; and the presence of (often shallow) shear surfaces at residual strength. In this chapter, some of the more common problems and associated solutions associated with earthworks and man-made slopes, tunnels and underground structures, dams and reservoirs, foundations, and offshore engineering and installations are reviewed. It is important that great care is taken in addressing the influences of variability, complexity and uncertainty inherent in glacial/periglacial soil formations at all stages of the construction process, from feasibility to end-of-project activities, such as preparation of the as-built drawings.
Cryogenic Cave Pearls In the Periglacial Zones of Ice Caves
Circular, Cryogenic Structures from the Hirnantian Deglaciation Sequence (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
Periglacial weathering and headwall erosion in cirque glacier bergschrunds
Periglacial landscapes on Svalbard: Terrestrial analogs for cold-climate landforms on Mars
We present landforms on Svalbard (Norway) as terrestrial analogs for possible Martian periglacial surface features. While there are closer climatic analogs for Mars, e.g., the Antarctic Dry Valleys, Svalbard has unique advantages that make it a very useful study area. Svalbard is easily accessible and offers a periglacial landscape where many different landforms can be encountered in close spatial proximity. These landforms include thermal contraction cracks, slope stripes, rock glaciers, protalus ramparts, and pingos, all of which have close morphological analogs on Mars. The combination of remote-sensing data, in particular images and digital elevation models, with field work is a promising approach in analog studies and facilitates acquisition of first-hand experience with permafrost environments. Based on the morphological ambiguity of certain landforms such as pingos, we recommend that Martian cold-climate landforms should not be investigated in isolation, but as part of a landscape system in a geological context.
The Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands of northern Canada: A possible “wet” periglacial analog of Utopia Planitia, Mars
Numerous landforms with traits that are suggestive of formation by periglacial processes have been observed in Utopia Planitia, Mars. They include: small-sized polygons, flat-floored depressions, and polygon trough or junction pits. Most workers agree that these landforms are late Amazonian and mark the occurrence of near-surface regolith that is (was) ice rich. The evolution of the Martian landforms has been explained principally by two disparate hypotheses. The first is the “wet hypothesis.” It is derived from the boundary conditions and ice-rich landscape of regions such as the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Canada, where stable liquid water is freely available as an agent of landscape modification. The second is the “dry” hypothesis. It is adapted from the boundary conditions and landscape-modification processes in the glacial Dry Valleys of the Antarctic, where mean temperatures are much colder than in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, liquid water at or near the surface is rare, and sublimation is the principal agent of glacial mass loss. Here, we (1) describe the ice-rich landscape of the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands and their principal periglacial features; (2) show that these features constitute a coherent assemblage produced by thaw-freeze cycles; (3) describe the landforms of Utopia Planitia and evaluate the extent to which “wet” or “dry” periglacial processes could have contributed to their formation; and (4) suggest that even if questions concerning the “wet” or “dry” origin of the Martian landforms remain open, “dry” processes are incapable of explaining the origin of the ice-rich regolith itself, from which the landforms evolved.
Linkage of Paraglacial Processes from Last Glacial to Recent Inferred from Spituk Sequence, Leh Valley, Ladakh Himalaya
Characterization of deep weathering and nanoporosity development in shale—A neutron study
Neoproterozoic loess and limits to snowball Earth
Abstract Understanding the sediments deposited by glaciers or other cold-climate processes assumes enhanced significance in the context of current global warming and the predicted melt and retreat of glaciers and ice sheets. This volume analyses glacial, proglacial and periglacial settings focusing, among others, on sedimentation at termini of tidewater glaciers, on hitherto not-well-understood high-mountain features, and on sediments such as slope and aeolian deposits whose clasts were sourced in glacial and periglacial regions, but have been transported and deposited by azonal processes. Difficulties are thus often encountered in inferring Pleistocene and pre-Pleistocene cold-climate conditions when the sedimentary record lacks many of the specific diagnostic indicators. The main objective of this volume is to establish the validity and limitations of the evidence that can be obtained from widely distributed clastic deposits, in order to achieve reliable palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic reconstructions. At a more general level and on the much longer geological timescale, an understanding of ice-marginal and periglacial environments may better prepare us for the unavoidable reversal towards cooler and perhaps even glacial times in the future.