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perched aquifers
GORDON LYALL PAVER (1913–1988) AND 42ND GEOLOGICAL SECTION, SOUTH AFRICAN ENGINEER CORPS: MILITARY GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS IN WORLD WAR II SUPPORTING BRITISH ARMY OPERATIONS: PART 2, NORTH AFRICA, THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 1941–1945 Available to Purchase
Transfer of water and contaminants in the Chalk unsaturated zone – underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud Open Access
Abstract The aim of this study is to understand the water and contaminant (nitrate and atrazine) transfer in the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Chalk. For this, the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud is an exceptional site because it permits entry to the aquifer at the limit between the UZ and the saturated zone (SZ). It provides direct access to the water table: underground lakes and the output of the UZ (percolation water at the ceiling). The thicknesses of the UZ and the clay-with-flints (CwF) layer that overlie the Chalk, vary along the 1200 m length of the quarry. From 2012, the chemical evolution and the flow variability of groundwater are characterized for 16 sites with different UZ properties. Chalk groundwater has highly spatially variable hydrodynamic behaviour and geochemical properties. A peak of contaminants is observed in the UZ around 15–20 m depth, with differing behaviours of nitrate and atrazine. The downward matrix water velocity is estimated to be from 0.3 to over 0.72 m a −1 , and the water table is mainly composed of ‘old’ water resulting from transfer through the matrix. A thick CwF layer modifies (1) the transfer processes: surface water is stored in a sort of ‘near-surface perched groundwater’, the infiltration is concentrated by preferential pathways; and (2) water quality: pesticides degradation processes occur in the perched groundwater.
Development and Calibration of Dual-Permeability Flow Models with DiscontinuousFault Networks Available to Purchase
Transient Pressure Waves in the Vadose Zone and the Rapid Water Table Response Available to Purchase
Modeling Reactive Transport of Strontium-90 in a Heterogeneous, Variably Saturated Subsurface All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Available to Purchase
Potential Impact of a Seepage Face on Solute Transport to a Pumping Well All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Available to Purchase
Application of time-domain airborne electromagnetic induction to hydrogeologic investigations on the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, USA Available to Purchase
Karst evolution of the Nullarbor Plain, Australia Available to Purchase
The Nullarbor Plain of southeastern Australia, ∼200,000 km 2 in area, is flat and mostly treeless. It contains widely scattered collapse dolines and a few hundred caves, some of which are large and extensive. Initial karst development probably occurred during the warm, seasonally wet climatic conditions of the Oligocene, when the withdrawal of the sea exposed the recently deposited Eocene Wilson Bluff Limestone for over ∼10 m.y. Several major conduits probably developed at this time. These were flooded by the return of the sea, which finally retreated in the late Miocene followed by regional uplift. Cave formation in the Pliocene and Quaternary was inhibited by the semiarid climate, which became increasingly arid ca. 1 Ma. The overall dryness caused crystallization of evaporite minerals in cracks and pore spaces within the limestone walls of the caves, and they suffered extensive collapse, producing large passages, dome chambers, and dolines. However, during a wet phase 5–3 Ma, rivers extended across the karst plain, and caves formed where they sank into the limestone. Shallower caves probably also formed at this time, perhaps associated with perched water tables. The Nullarbor Plain did not develop extensive surface and underground karst features, even during the wetter climate of the Oligocene. It appears that the flatness of the plain and the particular characteristics of the limestone (primary porosity and lack of jointing and inception horizons) resulted in relatively uniform downwasting and little cave formation. Climate played a relatively minor role in restricting karst development.