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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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Vermes (1)
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Mesozoic
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Primary terms
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Africa
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Sahara (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Disko Island (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (2)
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Far East
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (1)
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Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (1)
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Japan
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Atlantic Ocean
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Pliocene (3)
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Green River Formation (1)
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lower Eocene
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Sparnacian (9)
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Ypresian
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London Clay (1)
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-
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middle Eocene
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Bartonian (5)
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Lutetian (8)
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upper Eocene
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Ludian (1)
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-
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Ilerdian (2)
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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Fontainebleau Sandstone (11)
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lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (3)
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Stampian (4)
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-
upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
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-
-
Paleocene
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upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (3)
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-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii
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Selachii (1)
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Osteichthyes
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Actinopterygii (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Sirenia (1)
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Archosauria
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clay mineralogy (12)
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Paris Basin
Determining the age and origin of a Tertiary karstic system by in situ U-Pb geochronology on speleothems
Quaternary periglacial silicifications in the Paris Basin
Induced polarization of clay-rich materials — Part 2: The effect of anisotropy
Abstract Rivers in karstic environments are known to be greatly influenced by surface water–groundwater interactions, with significant localized inflows during floods from springs, or with losses that can dry up rivers. The Middle Risle River is frequently affected by the development of sinkholes in a chalk karst area (Normandy, France). In the 2010s, two new major sinkholes in the riverbed caused a complete loss of water into the underlying phreatic aquifer, causing the river to dry up over several kilometres. The resulting changes in hydrogeological processes and surface water–groundwater interaction greatly affected water quality, water use and water-dependent ecosystems, causing a political crisis in this river-dependent touristic valley. To understand these phenomena and improve crisis management, the Middle Risle Critical Zone Observatory was set up to enhance monitoring, surveying and/or modelling of groundwater and river levels, river and spring flow, water temperature and conductivity, and ecosystem characteristics (fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation). The results showed notable impacts on fish, macro-invertebrates and vegetation, some plants proving to be reliable indicators of surface-water–groundwater interaction. The dynamics of local hydrogeological processes were assessed and linked to the measured effects on ecosystems and water supply. Inverse modelling based on an analytical solution of the diffusive wave equation assessed lateral flow during floods, quantifying the spatial–temporal variability of surface-water and groundwater exchanges. It also highlighted the important role of karst zones in both storage and flood-peak attenuation processes, thereby protecting downstream villages against floods.
Abstract Chalk groundwater is the main renewable drinking water resource for many cities of the Paris–London Basin. Understanding karst groundwater motion enhancement appears to be a major issue in order to better protect drinking water, to define hydrogeological surveys and to explore the aquifer. In Normandy, the stratigraphy of chalk was investigated in the 1970s and 1980s but this newly developed stratigraphy was not introduced to hydrogeology where chalk aquifers are studied without considering the sequence boundaries and key event surfaces. Upper Normandy is a unique hydrogeological region where both stratigraphy and hydrogeology can be studied together. In this article we focus on field observations and their direct application to scientific theory. Eight hydrogeological surfaces, linked to sequence boundaries or key event surfaces, are identified. They increase porosity and permeability sufficiently to develop karstic features, hereafter called karstogenic horizons. These field observations lead us to propose a new stratified chalk groundwater model. Palaeokarsts and perched springs not aligned to the current base level can be explained from a geodynamic perspective. Global eustatism and regional uplift during the Quaternary Period have to be taken into account with the hydrogeological stratified model, as the controlling factors of the groundwater motion and the karstogenic horizon development. This theory will help hydrogeologists to determine the probability of encountering palaeokarsts above the piezometric level and thereby define well locations with a greater degree of confidence according to the karstogenic horizon drilled. Chemical studies may also be applied to show if this stratified model can enhance water quality by a new well design.
Abstract The implementation of new groundwater tracer tests to the chalky karst plateau of the northwestern end of the Paris Basin, combined with a critical review of previous tracer test investigations, makes it possible to characterize the role of karsts in relation to many structural features. The impact of tectonic structures and lithology on the development and evolution of the karst networks is analysed. The consequences for drinking-water supplies and its protection are examined.
Abstract The study of the temperature of two rivers in Normandy (France), the Orne and the Touques, between 2013 and 2018 allowed the main controlling factors regulating their thermal regime to be determined. The analysis was conducted by coupling different statistical treatments: linear regression between water and air temperatures, independent component analysis, principal component analysis and a multiple linear regression model. The temperature of the two rivers is mainly controlled by climatic factors but secondary regulation factors are demonstrated to play important roles: runoff for the two rivers and groundwater for the Touques. The influence of the chalk aquifer on river temperature appears to vary seasonally throughout the year, reaching its maximum in the early spring and increasing from upstream to downstream. The coupled use of the different statistical complex methods showed its validity in understanding both the temporal and spatial variations in water temperature and its correlation with the secondary factors, that could not be inferred from a simpler approach based on linear regression. These techniques could be valuable in other areas with rivers sufficiently monitored to determine the controlling water temperature factors and thus their sensitivity to climate change.
Transfer of water and contaminants in the Chalk unsaturated zone – underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud
Abstract The aim of this study is to understand the water and contaminant (nitrate and atrazine) transfer in the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Chalk. For this, the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud is an exceptional site because it permits entry to the aquifer at the limit between the UZ and the saturated zone (SZ). It provides direct access to the water table: underground lakes and the output of the UZ (percolation water at the ceiling). The thicknesses of the UZ and the clay-with-flints (CwF) layer that overlie the Chalk, vary along the 1200 m length of the quarry. From 2012, the chemical evolution and the flow variability of groundwater are characterized for 16 sites with different UZ properties. Chalk groundwater has highly spatially variable hydrodynamic behaviour and geochemical properties. A peak of contaminants is observed in the UZ around 15–20 m depth, with differing behaviours of nitrate and atrazine. The downward matrix water velocity is estimated to be from 0.3 to over 0.72 m a −1 , and the water table is mainly composed of ‘old’ water resulting from transfer through the matrix. A thick CwF layer modifies (1) the transfer processes: surface water is stored in a sort of ‘near-surface perched groundwater’, the infiltration is concentrated by preferential pathways; and (2) water quality: pesticides degradation processes occur in the perched groundwater.
Induced polarization of clay-rich materials — Part 1: The effect of desiccation
Far-field brittle deformation record in the eastern Paris Basin (France)
Hydrogeology of a landslide: a case study in the Montagne de Reims (Paris basin, France)
Authigenic berthierine and incipient chloritization in shallowly buried sandstone reservoirs: Key role of the source-to-sink context
Assessing Nummulites geochemistry as a proxy for early Eocene palaeotemperature evolution in the North Sea Basin
Hydrological differences between the Lutetian Paris and Hampshire basins revealed by stable isotopes of conid gastropods
The illustrations of Brongniart and Cuvier illuminate paleontology in the early nineteenth century
ABSTRACT The concept of biostratigraphy was a significant step in the evolution of geoscience. Alexandre Brongniart (1770–1847) and Georges Cuvier (1769–1832) were key contributors to developing the subdiscipline as they worked to decode the stratigraphy of the Paris Basin in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Their illustrations of fossils, local geologic columns, and a regional geologic map played a decisive role in furthering an understanding of the value of paleontology in the service of illuminating Earth history.