- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains (1)
-
Amu Darya (1)
-
Amur region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Pamirs
-
Darvaz (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (4)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (8)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (2)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Tarim Platform (3)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Taklimakan Desert (1)
-
Tarim Basin (12)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu (1)
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (12)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Afghanistan
-
Badakhshan Afghanistan (1)
-
-
India (5)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Kohistan (3)
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Karakoram (14)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (7)
-
Main Central Thrust (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Syria (1)
-
Turkey (2)
-
-
Murgab Basin (2)
-
Okhotsk region (1)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (3)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (2)
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Siwalik Range (1)
-
Tajikistan
-
Badakhshan (2)
-
Darvaz (1)
-
Garm Tajikistan (1)
-
Nurek Tajikistan (2)
-
Tajik Depression (5)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (9)
-
Tien Shan
-
Alai Range (4)
-
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Turanian Platform (1)
-
Turkmenia
-
Karakum (1)
-
-
Uzbekistan
-
Almalyk Uzbekistan (1)
-
-
Verkhoyansk region (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
Papua (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada (1)
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus (3)
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (7)
-
Russian Federation
-
Amur region (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Okhotsk region (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Perm Russian Federation (1)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Siberian Platform (2)
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Verkhoyansk region (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Tajikistan
-
Badakhshan (2)
-
Darvaz (1)
-
Garm Tajikistan (1)
-
Nurek Tajikistan (2)
-
Tajik Depression (5)
-
-
Transcaucasia (3)
-
Turanian Platform (1)
-
Turkmenia
-
Karakum (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine (1)
-
-
Urals (2)
-
Uzbekistan
-
Almalyk Uzbekistan (1)
-
-
-
Eurasia (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Carpathians
-
Vrancea seismic zone (2)
-
-
Caucasus (3)
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Perm Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Plain (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy (1)
-
Romania
-
Vrancea seismic zone (2)
-
-
-
Transcaucasia (3)
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine (1)
-
-
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
-
-
-
-
North America (1)
-
Pacific Ocean (1)
-
Russian Platform (2)
-
South America (1)
-
United States
-
New York
-
Putnam County New York (1)
-
-
Texas
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
Utah (1)
-
-
USSR (8)
-
-
commodities
-
gems (2)
-
metal ores
-
beryllium ores (1)
-
copper ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (6)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
Lu/Hf (4)
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
-
nitrogen (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (4)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (2)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (4)
-
Ar/Ar (3)
-
exposure age (1)
-
fission-track dating (4)
-
Lu/Hf (4)
-
Nd/Nd (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
Pb/Th (2)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
thermochronology (6)
-
U/Pb (14)
-
U/Th/Pb (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (8)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous (3)
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician (3)
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (6)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (1)
-
phyllites (1)
-
schists (3)
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
borates (1)
-
carbonates
-
dolomite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
clinohumite (1)
-
-
-
oxides
-
brookite (1)
-
niobates
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
rutile (2)
-
spinel (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (5)
-
monazite (5)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
leucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (5)
-
-
sodalite group
-
lazurite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
chondrodite (1)
-
clinohumite (1)
-
garnet group
-
spessartine (1)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (15)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
lazurite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
lazurite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (16)
-
Africa
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains (1)
-
Amu Darya (1)
-
Amur region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Pamirs
-
Darvaz (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (4)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (8)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (2)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Tarim Platform (3)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Taklimakan Desert (1)
-
Tarim Basin (12)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu (1)
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (12)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Afghanistan
-
Badakhshan Afghanistan (1)
-
-
India (5)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Kohistan (3)
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Karakoram (14)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (7)
-
Main Central Thrust (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Syria (1)
-
Turkey (2)
-
-
Murgab Basin (2)
-
Okhotsk region (1)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (3)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (2)
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Siwalik Range (1)
-
Tajikistan
-
Badakhshan (2)
-
Darvaz (1)
-
Garm Tajikistan (1)
-
Nurek Tajikistan (2)
-
Tajik Depression (5)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (9)
-
Tien Shan
-
Alai Range (4)
-
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Turanian Platform (1)
-
Turkmenia
-
Karakum (1)
-
-
Uzbekistan
-
Almalyk Uzbekistan (1)
-
-
Verkhoyansk region (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
Papua (1)
-
-
biogeography (2)
-
boron (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
climate change (1)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (24)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal structure (3)
-
dams (1)
-
data processing (3)
-
deformation (14)
-
earthquakes (14)
-
engineering geology (2)
-
Eurasia (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Carpathians
-
Vrancea seismic zone (2)
-
-
Caucasus (3)
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Perm Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Plain (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy (1)
-
Romania
-
Vrancea seismic zone (2)
-
-
-
Transcaucasia (3)
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine (1)
-
-
-
faults (29)
-
folds (8)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (1)
-
gems (2)
-
geochemistry (3)
-
geochronology (4)
-
geodesy (1)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (3)
-
heat flow (1)
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (6)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
intrusions (7)
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (4)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (2)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
magmas (4)
-
mantle (10)
-
maps (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (8)
-
-
metal ores
-
beryllium ores (1)
-
copper ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
mylonites (1)
-
phyllites (1)
-
schists (3)
-
-
metamorphism (9)
-
metasomatism (3)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (2)
-
nitrogen (1)
-
North America (1)
-
orogeny (11)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
Pacific Ocean (1)
-
paleoclimatology (3)
-
paleogeography (4)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous (3)
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician (3)
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
petrology (1)
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
plate tectonics (28)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (3)
-
reservoirs (2)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (2)
-
sandstone (2)
-
-
-
sedimentation (3)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
dust (1)
-
loess (1)
-
-
-
seismology (3)
-
slope stability (1)
-
soils (1)
-
South America (1)
-
stratigraphy (3)
-
structural analysis (3)
-
structural geology (5)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (4)
-
-
tectonophysics (2)
-
United States
-
New York
-
Putnam County New York (1)
-
-
Texas
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
Utah (1)
-
-
USSR (8)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (2)
-
sandstone (2)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
channels (1)
-
stratification (1)
-
striations (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
dust (1)
-
loess (1)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
soils (1)
-
Pamirs
Constraining the exhumation history of the northwestern margin of Tibet with a comparison to the adjacent Pamir
Carboniferous bimodal volcanic sequences along the Northeastern Pamir: Evidence for back-arc extension due to northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys
Late Miocene to present synchronous extension and contraction in the eastern Pamir: Insights from inversion of thermochronologic data across the southern Muztaghata dome
Magma migration and surface uplift in Pamir–western Tibet driven by deep lithospheric dynamics
Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Geodynamic Implications of Permo-Triassic Back-Arc Basin Successions in the North Pamir, Central Asia
Growth of the southern Tian Shan-Pamir and its impact on central Asian climate
Geometry, kinematics and mechanism of growth unconformities in the Biertuokuoyi piggy-back basin: implications for episodic growth of the Pamir frontal thrust
The Pattern and Possible Formation Mechanisms of Current Crustal Stress in High Asia
Shakhdaraite-(Y), ScYNb 2 O 8 , from the Leskhozovskaya granitic pegmatite, the valley of the Shakhdara River, southwestern Pamir, Gorno-Badakhshanskii Autonomous Region, Tajikistan: New mineral description and crystal structure
Volatile Components in Cordierite and Coexisting Tourmaline and Quartz from Pegmatites of the Kuhilal Deposit (Pamir, Tajikistan)
ABSTRACT Glaciers in central Asia that developed under a range of climatic conditions from arid to humid provide an excellent opportunity to test glacial responses to changes in climate. To do this, we mapped and dated glacial deposits at 11 sites spread over five mountain ranges in central Asia: the Altai, Tian Shan, Altyn Tagh, Qilian Shan, and Kunlun. The glacial chronologies for these sites were determined from new 10 Be and 26 Al exposure ages for the mapped moraines, in addition to 10 Be ages available in the literature. Paleo–equilibrium-line altitudes were estimated for past glacier extents from the dated moraines. The equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) were also estimated for existing glaciers to characterize the spatial pattern in modern climate across the study region. Differences between the modern and paleo-ELAs (∆ELAs) were used to explore the climatic reasons for variations in the glacier sensitivities and responses to past changes in climate. The results show that the glaciers in more humid regions advanced to their maximum during marine oxygen-isotope stage (MIS) 3–2 with ΔELAs of ~1100–600 m. However, glaciers in the arid interior of central Asia, in the rain shadows of the Karakorum and Pamir ranges and in the Gobi Desert ranges, reached their maximum between MIS 6 and 4, and glacier extents during the subsequent colder/drier MIS 3–2 were significantly smaller or did not extend beyond their cirques. Comparisons of our results and the sensitivity analysis of modern glaciers suggest that depression of air temperature was the primary driver of glacier advances in central Asia but that precipitation played a major role in shaping the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of glacier advances. Precipitation was especially important in hyperarid conditions. Therefore, inferences about paleoclimate parameters from past glacial extents must be made after careful consideration of the climatic setting in which the glaciers are found, as well as their sensitivity to climatic factors.