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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Diablo Platform (2)
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fossils
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Plantae
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Holder Formation (7)
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Laborcita Formation (3)
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Permian
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Primary terms
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Africa
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carbon
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inclusions
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intrusions (3)
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Invertebrata
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North America
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Lake Valley Formation (11)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (1)
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Meramecian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Holder Formation (7)
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Kasimovian (1)
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Virgilian (5)
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Laborcita Formation (3)
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Ordovician
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Montoya Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Cincinnatian
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Maysvillian (1)
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Richmondian (1)
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Permian
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Guadalupian
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Capitan Formation (4)
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Grayburg Formation (1)
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Seven Rivers Formation (3)
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Tansill Formation (2)
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Kaibab Formation (1)
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Lower Permian
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Leonardian
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Bone Spring Limestone (1)
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Wolfcampian
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Hueco Limestone (1)
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Upper Permian (3)
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Yates Formation (3)
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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petroleum (3)
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Plantae
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United States
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Arizona
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sedimentary rocks
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boundstone (2)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites (1)
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clastic rocks
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biogenic structures
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hummocky cross-stratification (1)
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secondary structures (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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dust (1)
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sand (2)
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siliciclastics (2)
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soils
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paleosols (2)
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Otero County New Mexico
Contemporary and future dust sources and emission fluxes from gypsum- and quartz-dominated eolian systems, New Mexico and Texas, USA
Windmountainite, □Fe 3+ 2 Mg 2 □ 2 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ·4H 2 O, a new modulated, layered Fe 3+ -Mg-silicate-hydrate from Wind Mountain, New Mexico: Characterization and origin, with comments on the classification of palygorskite-group minerals
Isotopic and Elemental Evidence For Meteoric Alteration of A Pennsylvanian Phylloid-Algal Mound, Holder Formation, New Mexico, U.S.A
Camerate Crinoids from the Nunn Member (Tournaisian, Osagean) of the Lower Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, New Mexico
We studied the oxidation state of Fe in silicate glasses produced during the first atomic bomb blast at the Trinity test site (New Mexico) by X-ray absorption–near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The sample consists of green glass resulting from melting of the quartz-bearing sand present at the test site; some relict unmelted sand is still fused to the bottom of the sample. Comparison of the pre-edge peak data with model compounds of known Fe oxidation state and coordination number shows that in the Trinity glass sample, Fe is in the divalent state and, on average, in a mixture of 4- and 5-fold coordination. XANES spectra collected at various heights of the sample, from the bottom of the sample up to the exposed surface, show no variation of the pre-edge peak and, thus, of the Fe oxidation state with the distance from the sand-glass interface. However, XANES analysis of a portion of the sand at the bottom of the sample shows Fe to be a mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , with a Fe 3+ /(Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ ) ratio close to 0.5. This demonstrates that during the nuclear explosion, the ground rock was instantaneously reduced, transforming all the iron from mostly trivalent state to almost exclusively divalent. Pre-edge peak features (intensity and energy) are consistent with those of tektites from the Ivory Coast studied here and with literature data of tektites from all the other known strewn fields (Australasian, Central European, and North American). The reduction of Fe to divalent state during Trinity glass formation, the homogeneity of the Fe oxidation state within the glass, and the Fe structural role suggest that this glass represents a good analog of tektite glass.