- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia
-
Wallo Ethiopia (1)
-
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan (1)
-
Fukushima Japan (1)
-
Tohoku (1)
-
-
Ishikawa Japan (1)
-
-
Lesser Sunda Islands (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Sakhalin (2)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Caribbean Sea (2)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (4)
-
Great Bahama Bank (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Great Artesian Basin (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia (2)
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Lake Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (8)
-
Waiotapu New Zealand (2)
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
Black Sea region (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
British Columbia
-
Princeton British Columbia (1)
-
Vancouver Island (3)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Jamaica
-
Discovery Bay Jamaica (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Honduras (1)
-
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Sakhalin (2)
-
-
Stavropol Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Cook Inlet (1)
-
Europe
-
Carpathians
-
Slovakian Carpathians (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (1)
-
-
Hungary
-
Tokaj Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia
-
Slovakian Carpathians (1)
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Duero Basin (1)
-
Spain
-
Castile Spain (1)
-
Extremadura Spain (1)
-
-
Tagus Basin (1)
-
-
Rhodope Mountains
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Stavropol Russian Federation (1)
-
Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains
-
Tokaj Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Paris Basin (2)
-
Seine-Maritime France
-
Rouen France (1)
-
-
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Surtsey (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar
-
Heimaey (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (1)
-
Isle of Wight England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Green River basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Exmouth Plateau (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion (1)
-
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico
-
Sierra Pena Blanca (1)
-
-
Durango Mexico
-
Mapimi Mexico (1)
-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
-
Veracruz Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Sonoran Desert (1)
-
Western Interior (2)
-
-
North Island (11)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Cocos Ridge (1)
-
East Pacific Rise (2)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Panama Basin (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (3)
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea
-
Yamato Basin (1)
-
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Okhotsk Sea (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Indonesian Seas (1)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea
-
Yamato Basin (1)
-
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Okhotsk Sea (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Peace River (1)
-
San Joaquin Basin (4)
-
Santa Barbara Basin (1)
-
Simpson Desert (1)
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
Santiago del Estero Argentina (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
Piaui Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Peru
-
Arequipa Peru (1)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea (1)
-
Weddell Sea
-
Maud Rise (2)
-
-
-
Southwest Indian Ridge (1)
-
Spor Mountain (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands
-
Adak Island (1)
-
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Graham County Arizona (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
-
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Inyo County California (1)
-
Kern County California
-
Elk Hills Field (1)
-
Lost Hills Field (1)
-
-
Los Angeles Basin (1)
-
Midway-Sunset Field (1)
-
Monterey Bay (1)
-
Napa County California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
San Joaquin County California (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (3)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (1)
-
-
Santa Cruz County California
-
Santa Cruz California (1)
-
-
Southern California (5)
-
Yolo County California (1)
-
-
Colorado (2)
-
Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Eastern U.S. (1)
-
Georgia
-
Jefferson County Georgia (1)
-
Richmond County Georgia (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Kansas
-
Scott County Kansas (1)
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Montana
-
Phillips County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
Nevada
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Mineral County Nevada (2)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Socorro County New Mexico (1)
-
-
North Carolina (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Canadian County Oklahoma (1)
-
Wichita Mountains (1)
-
-
Oregon (2)
-
South Carolina
-
Calhoun County South Carolina (1)
-
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Texas
-
Atascosa County Texas (1)
-
Davis Mountains (1)
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Utah
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Thomas Range (1)
-
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
West Virginia
-
Marshall County West Virginia (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming
-
Albany County Wyoming (1)
-
Carbon County Wyoming
-
Shirley Basin (1)
-
-
Converse County Wyoming (2)
-
Lincoln County Wyoming (2)
-
Natrona County Wyoming (1)
-
Park County Wyoming (2)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (4)
-
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Kermadec Islands (1)
-
-
Wilmington Field (1)
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (1)
-
construction materials
-
cement materials (1)
-
-
energy sources (1)
-
gems (14)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
glass materials (1)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
uranium ores (3)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (9)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
nonmetal deposits (4)
-
oil and gas fields (6)
-
ornamental materials (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (3)
-
-
quartz crystal (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (3)
-
-
chemical ratios (3)
-
halogens
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (12)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (3)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Si-30 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (4)
-
radium (1)
-
-
aluminum (6)
-
copper (1)
-
germanium (3)
-
iron (3)
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (3)
-
nickel (1)
-
rare earths (5)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
silicon
-
Si-30 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (4)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Primates
-
Prosimii
-
Adapidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Cryptodira (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
cyanobacteria (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (5)
-
-
-
microfossils (19)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms
-
Ethmodiscus (1)
-
-
nannofossils
-
Discoasteridae (1)
-
Nannoconus (1)
-
-
-
-
thallophytes (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
tephrochronology (1)
-
thermoluminescence (1)
-
U/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Maikop Series (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Antelope Shale (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Santa Cruz Mudstone (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
Sisquoc Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Black Mingo Group (1)
-
Eocene
-
Bracklesham Group (1)
-
Bridger Formation (2)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
middle Eocene (2)
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
Twiggs Clay (2)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fontainebleau Sandstone (1)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
White River Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Ghareb Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Dunlin Group (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (1)
-
-
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
-
-
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
-
Ordovician (1)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Precambrian (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
tuff (8)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
turbidite (1)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (1)
-
-
minerals
-
arsenates
-
mimetite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
calcite (10)
-
cerussite (1)
-
dolomite (3)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (3)
-
mimetite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (35)
-
molybdates
-
wulfenite (1)
-
-
onyx (1)
-
oxalates
-
whewellite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
anatase (3)
-
cryptomelane (1)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (2)
-
hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
pyrolusite (2)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
xonotlite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
microcline (2)
-
-
plagioclase (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (5)
-
amethyst (1)
-
carnelian (1)
-
chalcedony (13)
-
chrysoprase (1)
-
coesite (2)
-
cristobalite (20)
-
jasper (3)
-
lechatelierite (1)
-
moganite (6)
-
opal
-
opal-A (41)
-
opal-CT (43)
-
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (1)
-
-
stishovite (2)
-
tridymite (11)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (5)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (12)
-
ferrierite (1)
-
heulandite (1)
-
mordenite (2)
-
phillipsite (2)
-
-
-
hyalite (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
chrysocolla (1)
-
halloysite (2)
-
kaolinite (8)
-
montmorillonite (12)
-
nontronite (4)
-
smectite (11)
-
-
illite (7)
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
celadonite (1)
-
glauconite (2)
-
-
palygorskite (3)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (4)
-
bassanite (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (5)
-
jarosite (3)
-
rozenite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
marcasite (4)
-
pyrite (4)
-
sphalerite (3)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
uranium minerals (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (4)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia
-
Wallo Ethiopia (1)
-
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan (1)
-
Fukushima Japan (1)
-
Tohoku (1)
-
-
Ishikawa Japan (1)
-
-
Lesser Sunda Islands (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Sakhalin (2)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Caribbean Sea (2)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (4)
-
Great Bahama Bank (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Great Artesian Basin (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia (2)
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Lake Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (8)
-
Waiotapu New Zealand (2)
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
bacteria (4)
-
biogeography (2)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
British Columbia
-
Princeton British Columbia (1)
-
Vancouver Island (3)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (3)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Jamaica
-
Discovery Bay Jamaica (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Maikop Series (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Antelope Shale (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Santa Cruz Mudstone (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
Sisquoc Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Black Mingo Group (1)
-
Eocene
-
Bracklesham Group (1)
-
Bridger Formation (2)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
middle Eocene (2)
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
Twiggs Clay (2)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fontainebleau Sandstone (1)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
White River Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Honduras (1)
-
-
chemical analysis (3)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Primates
-
Prosimii
-
Adapidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Cryptodira (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (14)
-
climate change (2)
-
construction materials
-
cement materials (1)
-
-
crust (3)
-
crystal chemistry (8)
-
crystal growth (12)
-
crystal structure (22)
-
data processing (5)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 63
-
DSDP Site 467 (1)
-
-
-
Leg 16
-
DSDP Site 158 (1)
-
-
Leg 19 (1)
-
Leg 28
-
DSDP Site 266 (1)
-
DSDP Site 272 (1)
-
DSDP Site 273 (1)
-
-
Leg 29
-
DSDP Site 277 (1)
-
-
-
diagenesis (57)
-
ecology (2)
-
economic geology (3)
-
electron microscopy (4)
-
energy sources (1)
-
Europe
-
Carpathians
-
Slovakian Carpathians (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (1)
-
-
Hungary
-
Tokaj Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia
-
Slovakian Carpathians (1)
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Duero Basin (1)
-
Spain
-
Castile Spain (1)
-
Extremadura Spain (1)
-
-
Tagus Basin (1)
-
-
Rhodope Mountains
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Stavropol Russian Federation (1)
-
Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains
-
Tokaj Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Paris Basin (2)
-
Seine-Maritime France
-
Rouen France (1)
-
-
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Surtsey (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar
-
Heimaey (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (1)
-
Isle of Wight England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (2)
-
folds (1)
-
fractures (5)
-
gems (14)
-
geochemistry (38)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geomorphology (3)
-
geophysical methods (10)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
ground water (12)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
hydrology (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
tuff (8)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Exmouth Plateau (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion (1)
-
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expedition 342
-
IODP Site U1403 (1)
-
IODP Site U1408 (1)
-
IODP Site U1409 (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (5)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (3)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Si-30 (1)
-
-
-
magmas (1)
-
mantle (1)
-
maps (2)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Ghareb Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Dunlin Group (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (1)
-
-
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
-
-
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
uranium ores (3)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (4)
-
radium (1)
-
-
aluminum (6)
-
copper (1)
-
germanium (3)
-
iron (3)
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (3)
-
nickel (1)
-
rare earths (5)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
metasomatism (14)
-
meteorites (1)
-
Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico
-
Sierra Pena Blanca (1)
-
-
Durango Mexico
-
Mapimi Mexico (1)
-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
-
Veracruz Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (9)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineralogy (14)
-
minerals (35)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
radon (1)
-
-
nonmetal deposits (4)
-
North America
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Sonoran Desert (1)
-
Western Interior (2)
-
-
ocean basins (1)
-
ocean circulation (2)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 104
-
ODP Site 643 (1)
-
-
Leg 113
-
ODP Site 689 (1)
-
-
Leg 122
-
ODP Site 762 (1)
-
-
Leg 127
-
ODP Site 795 (1)
-
-
Leg 129 (1)
-
Leg 146
-
ODP Site 893 (1)
-
-
Leg 165
-
ODP Site 998 (1)
-
-
Leg 166
-
ODP Site 1007 (1)
-
-
Leg 189
-
ODP Site 1172 (1)
-
-
Leg 190
-
ODP Site 1177 (1)
-
-
ODP Site 1173 (1)
-
ODP Site 794 (1)
-
-
ocean floors (3)
-
oceanography (8)
-
oil and gas fields (6)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Cocos Ridge (1)
-
East Pacific Rise (2)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Panama Basin (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (3)
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea
-
Yamato Basin (1)
-
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Okhotsk Sea (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Indonesian Seas (1)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea
-
Yamato Basin (1)
-
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Okhotsk Sea (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin
-
PACMANUS hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (15)
-
paleoecology (9)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
paleontology (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
-
Ordovician (1)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
paragenesis (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (3)
-
-
petrology (6)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms
-
Ethmodiscus (1)
-
-
nannofossils
-
Discoasteridae (1)
-
Nannoconus (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (1)
-
Precambrian (2)
-
quartz crystal (2)
-
reefs (1)
-
rock mechanics (1)
-
sea water (4)
-
sea-level changes (3)
-
sedimentary petrology (19)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
limestone
-
microcrystalline limestone (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (18)
-
duricrust (1)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
flint (1)
-
iron formations (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
silcrete (3)
-
siliceous sinter (13)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
black shale (1)
-
claystone (2)
-
diatomite (6)
-
mudstone (8)
-
porcellanite (10)
-
sandstone (8)
-
shale (5)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
algal structures
-
algal mats (1)
-
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (2)
-
laminations (3)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (2)
-
-
sedimentation (23)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (3)
-
dust (1)
-
loess (1)
-
ooze (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (18)
-
-
silicon
-
Si-30 (1)
-
-
soils
-
Solonchak soils (1)
-
volcanic soils (1)
-
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
Santiago del Estero Argentina (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
Piaui Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Peru
-
Arequipa Peru (1)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea (1)
-
Weddell Sea
-
Maud Rise (2)
-
-
-
spectroscopy (1)
-
springs (15)
-
standard materials (1)
-
stratigraphy (6)
-
structural analysis (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
thallophytes (2)
-
thermal analysis (2)
-
thermal waters (12)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands
-
Adak Island (1)
-
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Graham County Arizona (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
-
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Inyo County California (1)
-
Kern County California
-
Elk Hills Field (1)
-
Lost Hills Field (1)
-
-
Los Angeles Basin (1)
-
Midway-Sunset Field (1)
-
Monterey Bay (1)
-
Napa County California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
San Joaquin County California (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (3)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (1)
-
-
Santa Cruz County California
-
Santa Cruz California (1)
-
-
Southern California (5)
-
Yolo County California (1)
-
-
Colorado (2)
-
Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Eastern U.S. (1)
-
Georgia
-
Jefferson County Georgia (1)
-
Richmond County Georgia (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Kansas
-
Scott County Kansas (1)
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Montana
-
Phillips County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
Nevada
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Mineral County Nevada (2)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Socorro County New Mexico (1)
-
-
North Carolina (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Canadian County Oklahoma (1)
-
Wichita Mountains (1)
-
-
Oregon (2)
-
South Carolina
-
Calhoun County South Carolina (1)
-
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Texas
-
Atascosa County Texas (1)
-
Davis Mountains (1)
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Utah
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Thomas Range (1)
-
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
West Virginia
-
Marshall County West Virginia (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming
-
Albany County Wyoming (1)
-
Carbon County Wyoming
-
Shirley Basin (1)
-
-
Converse County Wyoming (2)
-
Lincoln County Wyoming (2)
-
Natrona County Wyoming (1)
-
Park County Wyoming (2)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (4)
-
-
volcanology (1)
-
waste disposal (1)
-
weathering (11)
-
well-logging (1)
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Kermadec Islands (1)
-
-
X-ray analysis (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Monterey Formation (15)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
calcrete (1)
-
caliche (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
limestone
-
microcrystalline limestone (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (18)
-
duricrust (1)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
flint (1)
-
iron formations (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
silcrete (3)
-
siliceous sinter (13)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
black shale (1)
-
claystone (2)
-
diatomite (6)
-
mudstone (8)
-
porcellanite (10)
-
sandstone (8)
-
shale (5)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (1)
-
-
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (3)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (1)
-
mounds (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
algal structures
-
algal mats (1)
-
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (2)
-
laminations (3)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (2)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (3)
-
dust (1)
-
loess (1)
-
ooze (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (18)
-
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (3)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (3)
-
soils
-
Solonchak soils (1)
-
volcanic soils (1)
-
-
opal
Natural growth of gold dendrites within silica gels
Diagenetic priming of submarine landslides in ooze-rich substrates
Nanometer-scale pore structure and the Monterey Formation: A new tool to investigate silica diagenesis
ABSTRACT The Monterey Formation and related formations in California have long been the subject of field and laboratory studies on silica diagenesis. Biogenic or amorphous silica (opal-A) alters to a more-ordered opal-CT and eventually to the crystalline end member, quartz, with increasing burial depth and temperature. Low-pressure nitrogen sorption serves as an indicator of silica alteration by detecting the nanometer-scale pore structures associated with opal-CT while excluding contributions from larger pores. To apply this method, calibrations with known compositions are not required, sample preparation and measurements are straightforward, hazardous waste is not generated (as with mercury porosimetry), and subtle changes in silica phase are readily detected. Nitrogen desorption isotherms, collected on mini cores (~0.8 cm diameter × 1 cm) after outgassing at 50 °C and processed using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method, provide nanometer-scale pore throat size distributions (nPSD), pore volumes (nPV), and surface areas (nSA). A scatter plot of nPV and nSA reveals two distinct trends. Samples with more nSA per unit volume contain opal-CT, either in transition from opal-A or completely converted. The other nSA trend consists of opal-A and quartz samples in the small nSA and nPV range, whereas samples with small nSA and large nPV also contain opal-CT and are in transition to quartz. These distinct trends are also apparent in the nPSD. Samples with more nSA exhibit a peak between 4 and 10 nm, whereas samples with less nSA have a broad peak between 10 and 100 nm if they contain opal-CT. Images collected via scanning electron microscopy reveal that opal-CT morphologies account for these differences.