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Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Arctic region
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Asia
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China
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Caledonides (10)
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Canada
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Europe
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Great Britain
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Firth of Clyde (1)
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Great Glen Fault (2)
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Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (2)
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Mull Island (2)
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Rhum (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Rhum (1)
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Perthshire Scotland (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Wales (4)
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Northern Ireland
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Antrim Northern Ireland (28)
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Giant's Causeway (4)
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Didymograptina
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Plantae
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (2)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene (1)
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Dalradian (8)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Bunter (1)
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Sherwood Sandstone (3)
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Upper Triassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Middle Mississippian
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Upper Carboniferous
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Devonian
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lower Paleozoic (3)
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Ordovician
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granodiorites (2)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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columnar basalt (2)
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tholeiite (2)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (2)
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rhyolites (3)
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ophiolite (4)
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metamorphic rocks
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metaigneous rocks
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metasedimentary rocks
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mylonites (1)
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carbonates
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phosphates
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pyroxene group
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framework silicates
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silica minerals
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zeolite group
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orthosilicates
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sorosilicates
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sheet silicates
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sulfides
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Primary terms
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absolute age (13)
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Africa
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Morocco (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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atmosphere (1)
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biogeography (2)
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brines (2)
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Canada
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Ontario (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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C-14 (2)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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-
Paleogene
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Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
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Chattian (2)
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Paleocene
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-
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clay mineralogy (4)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Donegal Ireland (5)
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Mayo Ireland (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Dorset England (1)
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Gloucestershire England (1)
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Lancashire England (1)
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London Basin (1)
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Northumberland England (1)
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Oxfordshire England (1)
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Somerset England (1)
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Staffordshire England (1)
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Wessex Basin (1)
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Worcestershire England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (2)
-
-
Firth of Clyde (1)
-
Great Glen Fault (2)
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (2)
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Mull Island (2)
-
Rhum (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Ardnamurchan (1)
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (2)
-
Rhum (1)
-
-
-
Perthshire Scotland (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Wales (4)
-
-
Northern Ireland
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Antrim Northern Ireland (28)
-
Belfast Northern Ireland (3)
-
Fermanagh Northern Ireland (5)
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Giant's Causeway (4)
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Londonderry Northern Ireland (2)
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Tyrone Northern Ireland (5)
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faults (13)
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foundations (2)
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government agencies
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survey organizations (1)
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Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea
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Didymograptina
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Isograptus (1)
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ground water (6)
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heat flow (3)
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hydrogen
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deuterium (1)
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hydrogeology (1)
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hydrology (2)
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ichnofossils (1)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (3)
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diorites
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tonalite (1)
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gabbros (4)
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granites
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alkali granites (1)
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biotite granite (1)
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microgranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
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lamprophyres (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
mugearite (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (2)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
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tholeiite (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
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hyaloclastite (1)
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ignimbrite (2)
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rhyolites (3)
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-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (1)
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intrusions (16)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Trilobita (1)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
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-
-
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
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-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Veneroida
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Astartidae
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Astarte (1)
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-
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Gastropoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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isostasy (1)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (2)
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Rn-222 (2)
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tritium (1)
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U-238 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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D/H (2)
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deuterium (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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land subsidence (1)
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magmas (5)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Barremian (1)
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Valanginian (1)
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-
Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian (1)
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Santonian (1)
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Senonian (2)
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-
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Northern Ireland
Provenance of the Trainor's Rocks microconglomerate, Northern Ireland: a mid-Silurian (Hawick Group) submarine channel fan deposit in the closing Iapetus Ocean Available to Purchase
Depositional system and plant ecosystem responses to long-term low tempo volcanism, the Interbasaltic Formation, Antrim Lava Group Open Access
Abstract The Antrim Lava Group of NE Ireland comprises a volcanic sequence dominated by basaltic lava flows. Including subsidiary sedimentary interlayers and some evolved lavas and intrusions, the overall sequence reaches a cumulative thickness of ∼800 m. The tempo of eruption of the Antrim Lava Group is poorly constrained but can be evaluated via weathering patterns and environmental reconstructions derived from lava-flow interbeds. In this contribution, we present palynology from a newly identified and well-developed 2.0–2.5 m thick sedimentary sequence (interbed) at Ross's Quarry, Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, that helps elucidate the contemporary development of environments in a setting subject to periodic basaltic volcanism. The interbed is subdivided into geologically distinct subunits of cross-bedded and parallel-bedded sandstones and sandy siltstones, all rich in visible organic remains such as rootlets and fragments of wood and bark. A total of 19 samples was collected from the sequence and subsequently analysed for palynological content. The palynomorph data point toward a diversity of inputs ranging from estuaries, chalky soils, dry soils, swamps, lakes, floodplains, sand bars, wet soils, established bogs and fenlands. In contrast to current understanding, the palynological data and their inferred environments collectively reveal the presence of flora that favour a temperate climate rather than the subtropical climate that has previously been inferred from the lateritic interbeds of the Antrim Lava Group. By combining the Ross's Quarry observations with palynological data from other quarry sites and boreholes in Antrim, we provide new insights into the climate, weathering systems and eruptive history of the Antrim Lava Group.
The provenance and tectonic history of Dashwoods and the associated Baie Verte Margin during the Ordovician to Silurian Available to Purchase
Abstract Dashwoods is a composite peri-Laurentian terrane in Newfoundland and forms the basement to the Early Ordovician to Silurian Notre Dame arc. The southern part of Dashwoods is characterized by paragneiss that is intruded by Early Ordovician to Late Silurian plutons and affected by polyphase Taconic to Salinic deformation and high-grade metamorphism. The crystalline basement of Dashwoods is not exposed and pre-Middle Ordovician paragneiss is investigated herein to constrain the provenance of Dashwoods. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon analysis of the paragneiss yielded metamorphic rims ranging from c. 500 to 395 Ma and abundant detrital grain cores ranging from c. 1853 to 546 Ma. The presence of abundant Tonian dates differentiates Dashwoods from the adjacent Humber Margin in Newfoundland, and Hebridean and Grampian terranes in the British Isles. The detrital provenance of Dashwoods is most similar to the Baie Verte Margin in Newfoundland, and Tyrone Complex and Dalradian Supergroup in Ireland. These data suggest that Dashwoods and the Baie Verte Margin originated near the Rockall promontory and were subsequently emplaced outboard of the Humber Margin by Ordovician to Carboniferous motion along the Baie Verte–Brompton Line.
Investigation into the Multistage Mechanical Damage Behavior of Columnar Jointed Basalts with Different Meso-Constitutive Relations and Model Sizes Open Access
Unsupervised classification applications in enhancing lithological mapping and geological understanding: a case study from Northern Ireland Available to Purchase
Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event Available to Purchase
The desktop study – an essential element of geoforensic search: homicide and environmental cases (west Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK) Available to Purchase
Abstract The desktop study of geology, past land use and recent surveys is essential in planning the search for buried items, as it provides information on ground conditions and may explain anomalies. In the first case study, a geophysical search of waste ground in west Belfast (Northern Ireland) identified two anomalies that on excavation were recovered as human skeletal remains. A desktop study, which included Ordnance Survey maps and memoirs, showed the location to have been next to a Jewish cemetery (1901–20), providing a reason for the human remains to be present. In the second case study, legal action was undertaken because a football ground suffered continual flooding. A desktop study preceded a geophysical survey that showed how the area was a former industrial works, infilled with sand but poorly drained, creating a ‘bowl’ into which urban drainage flowed, causing the flooding. The context of land-use change is an example of how useful such combined geological and historical studies can be (using spatial digital data in a GIS), regardless of the age of an object/area of potential forensic interest. A full desktop study should be carried out prior to any field survey to limit the chances of deploying incorrect search assets and misinterpreting discoveries.
Geographical Information Science (GIS), spatial sampling and sediment variability examined using a case of manslaughter Available to Purchase
Abstract The body of a missing person was found adjacent to a 3 km long sand-covered forest track in an upland area of Northern Ireland (UK). Geological trace evidence in the form of sand was found in the passenger footwell and on the foot pedals of a vehicle belonging to the last known associates of the deceased. A Geographical Information Science (GIS) methodology was used to integrate regional geological and soil databases to confirm the provenance of the sand and to find geographical locations for control (or alibi) samples. To complement the forensic examination in the case, 77 samples were taken at the scene in order to test whether such a collection assists knowledge of the scene, or whether fewer, targeted samples at access points to the body would have sufficed. The results demonstrate the potential applications of a GIS approach and show the usefulness of employing a spatial sampling scheme to understand the degree of local variability between samples. The findings from this study demonstrated that fewer samples would have been sufficient to associate the questioned items with the scene, yet would not have demonstrated how other areas of the track could be progressively excluded from comparison.
Chapter 14 Geological hazards from salt mining, brine extraction and natural salt dissolution in the UK Available to Purchase
Abstract Salt mining along with natural and human-induced salt dissolution affects the ground over Permian and Triassic strata in the UK. In England, subsidence caused by salt mining, brine extraction and natural dissolution is known to have occurred in parts of Cheshire (including Northwich, Nantwich, Middlewich), Stafford, Blackpool, Preesall, Droitwich and Teeside/Middlesbrough; it also occurs around Carrickfergus in Northern Ireland. Subsidence ranges from rapid and catastrophic failure to gentle sagging of the ground, both forms being problematical for development, drainage and the installation of assets and infrastructure such as ground source heat pumps. This paper reviews the areas affected by salt subsidence and details the mitigation measures that have been used; the implications for planning in such areas are also considered.
Chapter 18 Radon gas hazard Available to Purchase
Abstract Radon ( 222 Rn) is a natural radioactive gas that occurs in rocks and soils and can only be detected with special equipment. Radon is a major cause of lung cancer. Therefore, early detection is essential. The British Geological Survey and Public Health England have produced a series of maps showing radon affected areas based on underlying geology and indoor radon measurements, which help to identify radon-affected buildings. Many factors influence how much radon accumulates in buildings. Remedial work can be undertaken to reduce its passage into homes and workplaces and new buildings can be built with radon preventative measures.
The unification of gravity data for Ireland-Northern Ireland Available to Purchase
Host-rock deformation during the emplacement of the Mourne Mountains granite pluton: Insights from the regional fracture pattern Open Access
Distinct sulfur saturation histories within the Palaeogene Magilligan Sill, Northern Ireland: implications for Ni – Cu – platinum group element mineralisation in the North Atlantic Igneous Province Available to Purchase
Quarrying Companies Royal Engineers in World War II: contributions to military infrastructure within the UK and to Allied forces during the North African, Italian and NW Europe campaigns Available to Purchase
Abstract Eight Quarrying Companies Royal Engineers were raised during World War II, the first four in 1940. Unable to deploy to France as planned, these were used initially for bomb disposal, but from January 1941 companies 851 and 854 (succeeded in 1942 by 857) quarried stone for the construction of two military ports in western Scotland. In early to mid-1943, these companies were sent to support Allied forces in the North African Campaign and, from December 1943, the subsequent Italian Campaign. Other companies initially focused on ports and airfields associated with operations in the Atlantic: Company 853 quarried from 1941 to 1942 in Northern Ireland; Company 855 was deployed in 1941 to Poolewe in NW Scotland, before assignment in 1942–43 to Gibraltar; and companies 125 and 856 quarried from 1942 to 1943 on the Faroe Islands. Four companies were successively employed from 1942 to 1944 quarrying in Oxfordshire to aid the construction of a Central Ordnance Depot. Although three companies were operational in the Mediterranean region, the other five were united in 1944 to form a Quarry Group to support Allied operations in Normandy and the subsequent campaign across northern France, Belgium and into Germany. All eight received some geological guidance; all were disbanded before 1947.
A comparison of small strain stiffness in till as measured by seismic refraction and barometric loading response Available to Purchase
Acid-saline-lake Systems of the Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group, County Antrim, Northern Ireland Available to Purchase
Determination of contaminated land; making the right decision in the UK Available to Purchase
Radon as a carcinogenic built-environmental pollutant Available to Purchase
Abstract Radon (222 Rn) has been highlighted by a number of authors as a significant public health concern. For example, it is the second most significant cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking (c. 1000–2000 and 21 000 deaths per year in the UK and USA, respectively), yet a very high proportion of the general public appears to be unaware of the risk. This chapter deals with topical radon issues, such as: radon in the workplace; radon in homes; exposure to radon during leisure activities; radon and water; measurement and monitoring; seasonal correction; remediation; cancer risks; cost–benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness; mapping; future policies; and further research. This assessment of the state of radon research is focused on the UK as an example of a country where radon has been on the governmental agenda since the late 1970s, but also highlights radon issues throughout the world in, for example, the USA, Europe and Asia.