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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Primary terms
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absolute age (12)
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Africa
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Namibia
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Antarctica
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East Antarctica (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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Himalayas (1)
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Potwar Plateau (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (9)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (2)
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middle Pleistocene (3)
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upper Pleistocene
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Tyrrhenian (1)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (3)
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Burdigalian (1)
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middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
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Serravallian (4)
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-
upper Miocene
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Messinian
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Messinian Salinity Crisis (2)
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-
Tortonian (6)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
upper Pliocene
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Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
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middle Eocene
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Bartonian (1)
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upper Eocene (5)
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-
Oligocene
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Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
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lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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middle Oligocene (1)
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
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chemical analysis (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii (1)
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-
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Cetacea (1)
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-
-
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Ichthyosauria (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Europe
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Pyrenees
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Italy
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Central Apennines (3)
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Ligurian Apennines (6)
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Monte Amiata (4)
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Northern Apennines (205)
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Po River (1)
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Northern Apennines
Detrital signatures of clastic serpentinite in tectonically diverse settings and interpretation of an example from the Northern Apennines
U–Pb ages from felsic rocks of the External Ligurian sedimentary mélange (Northern Apennine, Italy): tracing the pre-Jurassic history of the hyperextended Adria continental margin
Geological map, balanced and restored cross-sections, and 3D geological model of the Monte Fema area, Umbria-Marche Apennines (Italy)
A new section of Upper Pleistocene alluvial-colluvial deposits in the foothills of the Marche Ridge (Northern Apennines, central Italy)
The Fornovolasco area (Alpi Apuane, Northern Apennines): a review and update on its Palaeozoic succession, middle Permian magmatism, and tectonic setting
NOT ENTIRELY ICHTHYOSAUR: A MYSTERIOUS LAMNIFORM AND ICHTHYOPTERYGIAN-FALL ASSOCIATION FROM THE ABYSSAL UPPER CRETACEOUS OF THE NORTHERN APENNINES (ITALY)
Inherited anthropogenic disturbance and decadal sediment dynamics in a mountain fluvial system: The case of the Marecchia River canyon, Northern Apennines
Messinian seep-carbonates marking the transition to the evaporite deposits in the Romagna sector of the northern Apennines (Italy)
Thin vs. thick-skinned tectonics in the Umbria-Marche fold-and-thrust belt: Contrast or coexistence?
ABSTRACT The structural style at depth of the Umbria-Marche fold-and-thrust belt, which occupies the outer province of the Northern Apennines of peninsular Italy, has long been debated and interpreted in terms of thin-skinned or thick-skinned deformation models, respectively. Thin-skinned models predict that the Mesozoic–Tertiary sedimentary cover was detached along Upper Triassic evaporites and translated northeastward along stepped thrust faults above a relatively undeformed basement. On the other hand, thick-skinned models predict the direct involvement of conspicuous basement slices within thrust-related folds. A description of selected examples in the southeastern part of the Umbria-Marche belt reveals that some compressional structures are indeed thin-skinned, their style being controlled by rheological properties of a mechanically heterogeneous stratigraphy containing multiple décollements, whereas other structures are genuinely thick-skinned, their style being dominated by the reverse-reactivation of pre-orogenic normal faults deeply rooted within the basement. Therefore, the contrast of thin- versus thick-skinned structural styles, an issue that has generated a long-lasting debate, is only apparent, since both styles are documented to coexist and to have concurred in controlling the final compressional geometry of the fold-and-thrust belt.
The influence of the Messinian Salinity Crisis on the tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines
ABSTRACT The Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.85–5.35 Ma) represents a nearly unprecedented unloading and loading event. During the Messinian Salinity Crisis, two important things happened in terms of surface load changes—the accumulation of thick evaporites represent a load addition, while the desiccation of the Mediterranean represents a load subtraction. The desiccation and evaporite deposition were followed by the rapid addition of water, refilling the Mediterranean during the Zanclean. The calculated flexural response to load changes imposed significant changes on the horizontal stresses in the upper crust of the Northern Apennines, an active orogenic system characterized by simultaneous zones of extension and compression that migrated eastward over time. We show that these flexural stresses (approaching ± 50 MPa), added to the preexisting stresses across the Northern Apennines, were large enough to have caused some areas in compressional stress regimes to flip to extensional regimes, and vice versa. Among other things, our model predicts that the Marches Apennines region, which was beginning to undergo compression at the leading edge of the orogen, should have experienced a brief interval of extensional deformation. Previous structural studies of this region have shown that there was, in fact, a brief period of extensional faulting near the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, which was then followed by a return to compressional deformation, just as our model predicts. The hypothesis presented here provides a novel explanation for this extension occurring in an area that should have been undergoing compression, one in which the unique events of the Messinian Salinity Crisis generated significant flexural stresses that changed the deformational regime during the relatively brief time of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. We further suggest that this hypothesis may provide insight into similar unexpected tectonic episodes during this time period in other parts of the Apennines.