- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Queensland Australia (1)
-
-
-
Chalk Aquifer (5)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland (2)
-
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Normandy (1)
-
Paris Basin (1)
-
Picardy (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
East Anglia
-
Norfolk England (1)
-
-
Kent England (1)
-
Lincolnshire England (2)
-
London Basin (1)
-
London England (1)
-
Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
San Juan Basin (1)
-
South America
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile
-
Chuquicamata Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Desert (3)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
Thames River (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
Channel Islands (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
-
Cincinnati Arch (1)
-
Colorado
-
San Miguel County Colorado (1)
-
-
Florida (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
New Mexico
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
metal ores
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
nitrate deposits (1)
-
petroleum (1)
-
sulfur deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (9)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
D/H (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (6)
-
O-17/O-16 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
copper (3)
-
iron (3)
-
lead (3)
-
rare earths
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
zinc (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (6)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
exposure age (1)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
Boom Clay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides (1)
-
-
antimonites (1)
-
arsenates (2)
-
borates (2)
-
carbonates
-
alstonite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
malachite (2)
-
-
chromates (1)
-
halides
-
bromides (1)
-
chlorides (7)
-
fluorides (1)
-
-
iodates (1)
-
minerals (4)
-
molybdates (1)
-
nitrates (64)
-
oxalates (2)
-
oxides
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
germanates (1)
-
goethite (2)
-
hydroxides (1)
-
-
phosphates (6)
-
selenates (1)
-
silicates
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
hectorite (1)
-
montmorillonite (2)
-
smectite (1)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alum (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (3)
-
mirabilite (1)
-
-
sulfides (2)
-
tungstates (1)
-
vanadates (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (1)
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Queensland Australia (1)
-
-
-
bacteria (2)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
Boom Clay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (3)
-
climate change (1)
-
crystal chemistry (6)
-
crystal growth (2)
-
crystal structure (10)
-
data processing (4)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
ecology (1)
-
economic geology (2)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland (2)
-
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Normandy (1)
-
Paris Basin (1)
-
Picardy (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
East Anglia
-
Norfolk England (1)
-
-
Kent England (1)
-
Lincolnshire England (2)
-
London Basin (1)
-
London England (1)
-
Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
explosions (2)
-
faults (1)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (9)
-
geophysical methods (4)
-
ground water (19)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (2)
-
hydrology (4)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
D/H (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (6)
-
O-17/O-16 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
land use (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
copper (3)
-
iron (3)
-
lead (3)
-
rare earths
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
zinc (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineralogy (4)
-
minerals (4)
-
Moon (1)
-
nitrate deposits (1)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (6)
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
-
paragenesis (1)
-
petroleum (1)
-
phase equilibria (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae (1)
-
-
pollution (18)
-
remote sensing (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (2)
-
limestone (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
-
sedimentation (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (1)
-
-
guano (1)
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
soils
-
Chernozems (1)
-
-
South America
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile
-
Chuquicamata Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Desert (3)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
spectroscopy (3)
-
springs (1)
-
sulfur deposits (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
Channel Islands (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
-
Cincinnati Arch (1)
-
Colorado
-
San Miguel County Colorado (1)
-
-
Florida (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
New Mexico
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1)
-
-
-
waste disposal (2)
-
-
rock formations
-
Lincolnshire Limestone (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (2)
-
limestone (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (1)
-
-
guano (1)
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
-
soils
-
soils
-
Chernozems (1)
-
-
nitrates
Rivers, streams and wetlands – the Chalk and its water-dependent ecosystems
Abstract The UK, and England in particular, is the stronghold for chalk rivers, streams and wetlands in Europe. A number of sites are recognized as being important for nature conservation and have been designated as such under UK and European legislation. However, as the chalk is also an important aquifer for southern and eastern England, there have been significant impacts on these groundwater-dependent ecosystems from abstraction. Chalk rivers and streams have been used for centuries for mills and water meadows, so impacts have not just occurred in recent times. Intensification of agriculture in the twentieth century has added to the pressure by increasing levels of pollution, especially nitrates, with significant levels now being recorded. However, moves have been made to resolve some of these issues, with investigations into the effects of abstraction and options for reducing these impacts, research into the nature of the chalk aquifer so that it can be modelled more accurately, and assessment made of pollution pathways and their timescales. Associated projects have characterized the ecosystems associated with the chalk in more detail, enabling the mechanism for impacts to be better understood. While the extent of impacts is increasingly understood, action is also being taken to reduce their effects and restore chalk ecosystems.
Source apportionment of nitrogen pressures at a Chalk-fed groundwater-dependent wetland
Abstract In Groundwater-Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems (GWDTEs), atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs have often been studied in isolation from terrestrial groundwater and surface water inputs. We describe for the first time the development and application of a combined atmospheric and terrestrial N source apportionment methodology, able to identify contributing catchment and N loadings to GWDTEs. We combined all N inputs using a site-specific conceptual model supported by 12 months’ monitoring for a Chalk-fed GWDTE at Newbald Becksies, East Yorkshire. We discuss implications for effective catchment management, wetland protection and development of a source apportionment methodology. Potential sources of nitrate include: atmospheric deposition, mineralization, leaching from agricultural soils, manure heaps, septic tanks, sewer and mains water leakage. Atmospheric deposition was calculated from measurements of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide concentrations together with rainfall inputs of ammonium and nitrate. Quantification of agricultural sources used the FarmScoper modelling tool to estimate nitrate leaching in the groundwater catchment. Comparison between modelled nitrate concentrations in leachate (15–17 mg N l −1 ) and observed groundwater nitrate concentrations (12.3–19.8 mg N l −1 ) are good. The majority of nitrate is leached from arable land. FarmScoper allows mitigation scenarios to be tested, supporting measures to reduce nitrate within a groundwater catchment.
Transfer of water and contaminants in the Chalk unsaturated zone – underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud
Abstract The aim of this study is to understand the water and contaminant (nitrate and atrazine) transfer in the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Chalk. For this, the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud is an exceptional site because it permits entry to the aquifer at the limit between the UZ and the saturated zone (SZ). It provides direct access to the water table: underground lakes and the output of the UZ (percolation water at the ceiling). The thicknesses of the UZ and the clay-with-flints (CwF) layer that overlie the Chalk, vary along the 1200 m length of the quarry. From 2012, the chemical evolution and the flow variability of groundwater are characterized for 16 sites with different UZ properties. Chalk groundwater has highly spatially variable hydrodynamic behaviour and geochemical properties. A peak of contaminants is observed in the UZ around 15–20 m depth, with differing behaviours of nitrate and atrazine. The downward matrix water velocity is estimated to be from 0.3 to over 0.72 m a −1 , and the water table is mainly composed of ‘old’ water resulting from transfer through the matrix. A thick CwF layer modifies (1) the transfer processes: surface water is stored in a sort of ‘near-surface perched groundwater’, the infiltration is concentrated by preferential pathways; and (2) water quality: pesticides degradation processes occur in the perched groundwater.
Abstract The collaboration between HADES and the Mont Terri rock laboratory started in 1995, when granite was considered the most suitable host rock for radioactive waste disposal in Switzerland. When an alternative host formation was looked for by NAGRA, the choice of clay as host rock became rapidly clear. It was then decided to build an underground research laboratory in the Opalinus Clay taking advantage of the excavation of a motorway tunnel crossing the Mont Terri anticline. Exchanges of knowledge and experience on the behaviour of argillaceous formations were focused on the feasibility of constructing a safe geological repository for high-level radioactive waste: from excavation and gallery lining techniques to geochemistry, diffusion of radionuclides and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes. The research programme at Mont Terri and the growing numbers of partners from four up to nine countries worldwide led to successive extensions of the galleries. The scientific and technical advances made possible by the collaboration between both laboratories dealt with the development of common methods and joint experimental and modelling efforts. This review article summarizes the main scientific lessons learned during these exchanges, stressing the added values of the knowledge transfer between partners and the overall cross-fertilization between HADES and Mont Terri.