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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Edward (1)
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
-
Southern Africa (1)
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
Vostok Station (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (2)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
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Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island
-
Brogger Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Russian Federation (2)
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Central Asia (1)
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Far East
-
China (1)
-
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Himalayas
-
Zanskar Range (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Gujarat India
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Kutch India (1)
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Himachal Pradesh India (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
-
Irtysh River (1)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ob River (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation (1)
-
West Siberia (1)
-
Yenisei River (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Pigmy Basin (2)
-
-
Hudson Bay (2)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Franz Josef Glacier (1)
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-
Papua New Guinea (1)
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-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
James Bay Lowlands (1)
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Quebec (2)
-
-
Hudson Bay (2)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island (1)
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Selwyn Mountains (1)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
-
Banff National Park (1)
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Jasper National Park (1)
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British Columbia
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Mount Meager (1)
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Vancouver Island (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (4)
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Northwest Territories (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Central America
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Nicaragua (1)
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Coast Mountains (11)
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Columbia ice field (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Altai Russian Federation (2)
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Central Urals (1)
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Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
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Ob River (1)
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Omsk Russian Federation (1)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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Tyumen Russian Federation (1)
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Yenisei River (1)
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Urals
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Central Urals (1)
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Southern Urals (1)
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West Siberia (1)
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Cumberland Peninsula (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Zillertal Alps (1)
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Swiss Alps
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Central Swiss Alps (1)
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
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Western Alps (1)
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Central Europe
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Austria (1)
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Switzerland
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Swiss Alps
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Central Swiss Alps (1)
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
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Uri Switzerland (1)
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Valais Switzerland (1)
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Lapland (1)
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Marches Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Iceland (3)
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Scandinavia
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Finland (2)
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Norway
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Northern Norway (2)
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Rogaland Norway
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Southern Norway (1)
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Troms Norway
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Lyngen Peninsula (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Highland region Scotland (1)
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Fraser River (1)
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Front Range (4)
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Green Lake (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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West Mediterranean
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Alboran Sea (1)
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-
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Mexico
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Chihuahua Mexico (1)
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-
Mirror Lake (1)
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Mount Baker (1)
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North America
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Chihuahuan Desert (1)
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Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (1)
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-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (4)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (2)
-
Oceania
-
Micronesia
-
Caroline Islands
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Palau (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of Alaska (1)
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-
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Equatorial Pacific (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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-
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West Pacific (2)
-
-
Pacific region (1)
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polar regions (1)
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South Island (1)
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Southern Hemisphere (1)
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Southern Ocean
-
Bellingshausen Sea (1)
-
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Chugach Mountains (1)
-
Glacier Bay National Park (1)
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Kenai Peninsula (1)
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Seldovia Quadrangle (1)
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Wrangell Mountains (2)
-
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Colorado (5)
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Delaware River basin (1)
-
Eastern U.S. (1)
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Montana (1)
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New Mexico
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Eddy County New Mexico (1)
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Santa Fe County New Mexico (1)
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Torrance County New Mexico (1)
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Pennsylvania
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Pike County Pennsylvania (1)
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Rhode Island
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Washington County Rhode Island (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Washington
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
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-
Wyoming (1)
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-
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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C-14 (31)
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organic carbon (2)
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chemical ratios (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (2)
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isotope ratios (10)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (1)
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C-14 (31)
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Cs-137 (6)
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Pb-210 (7)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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D/H (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (6)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-210 (7)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
fossil man (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
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Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
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Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (1)
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Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
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-
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-
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-
-
microfossils (7)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (5)
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-
-
Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (4)
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Alnus (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales
-
Pinaceae
-
Abies (1)
-
-
Tsuga (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
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exposure age (1)
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lichenometry (9)
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optically stimulated luminescence (2)
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paleomagnetism (4)
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tephrochronology (3)
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tree rings (12)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Medieval Warm Period (13)
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Middle Ages (4)
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middle Holocene (4)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (24)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (24)
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Roman period (2)
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-
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (5)
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-
Wurm (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
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-
-
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Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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-
metamorphic rocks
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turbidite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (2)
-
-
sulfides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (34)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Edward (1)
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
-
Southern Africa (1)
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
Vostok Station (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (2)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island
-
Brogger Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Russian Federation (2)
-
Central Asia (1)
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India (1)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
-
Irtysh River (1)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ob River (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation (1)
-
West Siberia (1)
-
Yenisei River (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Pigmy Basin (2)
-
-
Hudson Bay (2)
-
-
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Franz Josef Glacier (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
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-
biography (1)
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Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (1)
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James Bay Lowlands (1)
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Quebec (2)
-
-
Hudson Bay (2)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
-
Selwyn Mountains (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Banff National Park (1)
-
Jasper National Park (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Mount Meager (1)
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (4)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (6)
-
C-14 (31)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Medieval Warm Period (13)
-
Middle Ages (4)
-
middle Holocene (4)
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (24)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (24)
-
Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (5)
-
-
-
Wurm (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (32)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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dams (2)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (1)
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earthquakes (1)
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ecology (1)
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Europe
-
Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Zillertal Alps (1)
-
-
Swiss Alps
-
Central Swiss Alps (1)
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps
-
Central Swiss Alps (1)
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Uri Switzerland (1)
-
Valais Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Lapland (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Drome France (1)
-
-
Iceland (3)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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Finland (2)
-
Norway
-
Northern Norway (2)
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Rogaland Norway
-
Sandnes Norway (1)
-
-
Southern Norway (1)
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Troms Norway
-
Lyngen Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
folds (1)
-
fossil man (1)
-
geochemistry (4)
-
geochronology (18)
-
geomorphology (9)
-
geophysical methods (3)
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glacial geology (32)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
hydrology (5)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
-
Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (31)
-
Cs-137 (6)
-
Pb-210 (7)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (6)
-
D/H (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
land use (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (6)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-210 (7)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
-
meteorology (1)
-
Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
North America
-
Chihuahuan Desert (1)
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (4)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (2)
-
ocean circulation (3)
-
Oceania
-
Micronesia
-
Caroline Islands
-
Palau (1)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of Alaska (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific (2)
-
-
Pacific region (1)
-
paleoclimatology (51)
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paleoecology (6)
-
paleogeography (3)
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paleomagnetism (4)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (5)
-
-
-
permafrost (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (4)
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Alnus (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
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Tsuga (1)
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-
-
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remote sensing (3)
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sea water (1)
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sea-level changes (5)
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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laminations (3)
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varves (8)
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sedimentation (16)
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clastic sediments
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gravel (2)
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gyttja (1)
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marine sediments (10)
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peat (4)
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shorelines (2)
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soils
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Podzols (1)
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Southern Hemisphere (1)
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Southern Ocean
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Bellingshausen Sea (1)
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spectroscopy (1)
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stratigraphy (5)
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United States
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Alaska
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Brooks Range (1)
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Chugach Mountains (1)
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Glacier Bay National Park (1)
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Kenai Peninsula (1)
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Seldovia Quadrangle (1)
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Wrangell Mountains (2)
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-
Colorado (5)
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Colorado Plateau (2)
-
Delaware River basin (1)
-
Eastern U.S. (1)
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Montana (1)
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New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico (1)
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Santa Fe County New Mexico (1)
-
Torrance County New Mexico (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Pike County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Rhode Island
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Washington County Rhode Island (1)
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-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
-
Wyoming (1)
-
-
weathering (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
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GeoRef Categories
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Neoglacial
Abstract The discovery of Ice Ages is one of the most revolutionary advances ever made in the Earth sciences. In Norway this discovery was made by Danish–Norwegian geoscientist Jens Esmark and his young student Niels Otto Tank, who on a mountain traverse in early September 1823 observed a number of geomorphological features produced by an extant glacier, and compared these to similar features they had previously noted where glaciers today are absent. Seeing a recent moraine pushed up by an extant glacier they suddenly realized that a big ridge of gravel they had earlier seen at sea-level in Southern Norway had to be an ancient moraine, deposited by a big glacier at a time when the climate was substantially colder than today. The brevity of Esmark's account made the precise location of the site of enlightenment remain a mystery for almost two hundred years until it was rediscovered by the author in 2008. This paper describes the crucial site and its lessons.
Two Millennia of Climate History for the Russian Altai: Integrated Reconstruction from Lake Sediment Data
Late Holocene Sedimentary Record from Chhari Dhandh, Kachchh, Western India
ABSTRACT Stratigraphic analysis of two sections of a fluvial strath terrace exposed on the left bank of the Esino River near the village of Trocchetti (province of Ancona, Marche region of central Italy), and the study of a large landslide located near the village of San Cristoforo, a few kilometers down valley from the Trocchetti fluvial terrace, provide evidence for two catastrophic environmental events, namely: (1) the aggradation on the riverbed of coarse, chaotic gravel due to a violent flashflood; and (2) the formation of a large ephemeral lake as the consequence of the landslide that barred the river channel at San Cristoforo. Archaeological and historical information about the lost Roman city of Tuficum , which was located just a kilometer upriver from the Trocchetti terrace, and ceramic artifacts found in the chaotic gravel unit, led us to the hypothesis that both the flashflood and the landslide were induced by the sudden, severe climate change of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (mid-sixth century to mid-seventh century CE).
Lost bones: In search of Wesley Hurt’s Mammoth, Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument’s Quarai Unit, central New Mexico
Greenland tidewater glacier advanced rapidly during era of Norse settlement
Late Quaternary Glacier Fluctuations in the NW Himalaya: Evolving Perspectives
Multiple mechanisms of minor moraine formation in the Schwarzensteinkees foreland, Austria
ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed sedimentologic data set of minor moraines (heights ≤2.0 m, widths ≤14 m, lengths ≤108 m) that formed beginning near the end of the Little Ice Age by Schwarzensteinkees, a valley glacier in Austria. Sorted sediment and stratified diamict dominate five exposures, and compact massive diamict exists in one exposure. This sediment is interpreted as proglacial outwash and subglacial till. Most moraine sediment shows deformation structures (e.g., smaller and larger folds), and some units contain evidence of water escape. Other units maintain their original subhorizontality. All moraines contain unequivocal evidence of having formed through deformation by pushing during ice-margin fluctuations. Minor moraines formed more specifically by three identified processes: (1) pushing of outwash sediment; (2) stacking and pushing of outwash sediment; and (3) pushing of outwash sediment and freezing-on of subglacial till. Our data suggest that the sedimentologic composition of the valley fill influences the style of push-moraine formation. In this case, the friable nature of outwash sediments can increase the efficiency of the pushing ice front and the likelihood of sediment collapse down the proximal ice-contact slope after ice retreat. This study contributes to our understanding of sediment transport and deposition in high-mountain environments.
Dramatic weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon in northern China during the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age
Sonapani Glacier Recession over a Century from 1906-2016, Chandra Basin, Himachal Himalaya
Varve formation during the past three centuries in three large proglacial lakes in south-central Alaska
Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia
Precipitation changes in the western tropical Pacific over the past millennium
Visitors to ‘the northern playgrounds’: tourists and exploratory science in north Norway
Abstract This paper outlines some significant visits made to north Norway by geologists and mountaineers from Britain and Ireland from the early to late nineteenth century. These visitors wrote up their travels and climbing experiences in a region in north Norway that was difficult to get to other than by sea: Øksfjordjøkelen and Lyngen. Early travellers revealed the sights of the fjord areas and thereby promoted the region for subsequent travellers. Leopold von Buch’s Travels though Norway and Lapland during the Years 1806, 1807, and 1808 probably prompted J. D. Forbes to visit and produce Norway and Its Glaciers and Archibald Geikie’s Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad as part of the contemporary discussions about the ‘glacial theory’. In the latter years of the nineteenth century the British climbers William Cecil Slingsby and George Hastings, with local climber Josef Caspari, explored the Lyngen Peninsula. Elizabeth Main (Mrs Aubrey Le Blond) also climbed in Lyngen. As well as providing written summaries of their exploits, the early explorers included photographs in their books. Some of these images are helpful in the reconstruction of the glacierized landscapes at the end of the Little Ice Age. It is suggested that present-day travellers might leave their observations available, in digital media, for future investigators.