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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Arran (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
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United States
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Alaska
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volcanic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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minerals
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sulfides (1)
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Primary terms
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
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North Atlantic
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Kane fracture zone (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Saskatchewan
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Lac La Ronge (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Paleogene
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Ghost Rocks Formation (1)
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crust (3)
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deformation (6)
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economic geology (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Moine thrust zone (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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faults (5)
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igneous rocks
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Mesozoic
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metal ores
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary structures
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mullions
Dike propagation and magma flow in a glassy rhyolite dike: A structural and kinematic analysis
Transverse architecture of the Moine Thrust Belt and Moine Nappe, Northern Highlands, Scotland: new insight on a classic thrust belt
Role of melt supply in oceanic detachment faulting and formation of megamullions
Discussion on the influence of country rock structural architecture during pluton emplacement: the Loch Loyal syenites, Scotland
The importance of incompetence
IDENTIFICATION OF EVAPORITE DIAPIRS FORMED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTAL COMPRESSION: A DISCUSSION
Early deformation in melange terranes of the Ghost Rocks Formation, Kodiak Islands, Alaska
The Ghost Rocks Formation represents the youngest phase of a Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary episode of accretion during which about 80 percent of Kodiak Island was added to the continental margin. The formation consists of both structurally coherent terranes and terranes of complexly deformed sandstone-shale melange. Two mesoscopically ductile and regionally occurring deformations and three younger, relatively brittle deformations have affected the melange. D 1 is characterized by a foliation, S 1 , which dips northwest and a lineation, L 1 , which plunges gently southwest. S 1 is defined by disrupted lithologic layering, pinch and swell structures, the alignment of inclusions, and an anastomosing cleavage in the shales. L 1 is defined by pinch and swell axes, the long axes of inclusions, mullions, and folds of phyllosilicates in the shales. D 2 is characterized by a foliation, S 2 , and a lineation, L 2 , which respectively dip and plunge parallel to the D 1 fabrics. S 2 is a closely spaced, roughly planar, slaty-like cleavage that commonly transposes, but only locally folds S 1 . L 2 is defined by D 2 fold axes and the intersection of S 1 and S 2 which locally is a pencil cleavage. D 1 significantly and substantially altered the original stratigraphy in the melange, and the distinctive disruptive style of the melange is probably a direct consequence of this deformation. The most important structural element that contributed to this deformation, and therefore to S 1 and L 1 , was a three-dimensional web structure of cataclastic shear zones. This structural element occurs in essentially every sandstone in the melange and suggests, but does not prove, that D 1 was technically induced. Other common D 1 structural features are calcite-filled veins, swirls and folds of detrital or diagenetic phyllosilicates, and planar shear zones in the shales. Asymmetric D 1 structures, especially disrupted tuff horizons, suggest D 1 occurred during northwest directed layer-parallel shear and underthrusting, although other noncoaxial strain histories are also possible. Layer-parallel simple shear, and coaxial plane, constrictional, and flattening strains appear to be ruled out, however, because they do not explain the general, mesoscopic strains observed in the melange.