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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
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-
Asia
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Central Asia
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Caspian Depression (2)
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Far East
-
Borneo
-
Brunei (3)
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
Burma (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (6)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Kii Peninsula (1)
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Shimanto Belt (1)
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Timor (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Pakistan
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran (2)
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Israel
-
Negev (1)
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Turkey
-
Bosporus (1)
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-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
-
Barbados Ridge (1)
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Bay of Fundy (1)
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Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (2)
-
Gulf of Cadiz (1)
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Gulf of Maine (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (4)
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Hudson Bay (1)
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North Sea (3)
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Northeast Atlantic (2)
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Porcupine Basin (2)
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Rockall Trough (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southeast Atlantic (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Northern Territory Australia
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Gosses Bluff (1)
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New Zealand
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Canterbury New Zealand
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Baram Delta (2)
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Canada
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Quebec (1)
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Western Canada
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Trinidad (3)
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Caspian Basin (7)
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Caspian Sea (5)
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Central America
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Central Graben (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Azerbaijan
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Azov Sea (2)
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Caucasus (2)
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Russian Federation
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Krasnodar Russian Federation
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Taman Peninsula (1)
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Ukraine
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Crimea Ukraine
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Kerch Peninsula (1)
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Death Valley (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Azerbaijan
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Danube Delta (1)
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Krasnodar Russian Federation
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Italy
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Apennines
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Northern Apennines (2)
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Emilia-Romagna Italy
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Modena Italy (1)
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Ukraine
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Crimea Ukraine
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Western Europe
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Ireland
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United Kingdom
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Imperial Valley (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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Brunei (3)
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
-
Timor (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
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Aegean Sea (1)
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Black Sea (3)
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Florence Rise (1)
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Levantine Basin (1)
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Hellenic Trench (1)
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Mexico (1)
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Oceania
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Santa Monica Basin (1)
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Southeast Pacific (1)
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Equatorial Pacific (2)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (1)
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Santa Monica Basin (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Mariana Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (2)
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
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South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific (1)
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Southwest Pacific (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Mariana Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (2)
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Southwest Pacific (1)
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South America
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California
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petroleum
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natural gas (8)
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water resources (1)
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zeolite deposits (1)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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C-14 (3)
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organic carbon (1)
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isotope ratios (5)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (3)
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stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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rare earths (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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sulfur (1)
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fossils
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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microfossils (1)
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Plantae
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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upper Holocene (3)
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Pleistocene (3)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (3)
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Tortonian (1)
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-
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Pliocene (5)
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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upper Paleocene (1)
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-
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-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Upper Cretaceous (1)
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Jurassic
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous (2)
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Ordovician
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Meguma Group (1)
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Permian (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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-
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Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
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-
-
-
-
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igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (3)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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flood basalts (1)
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ophiolite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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metaigneous rocks
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serpentinite (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (1)
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schists
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ophiolite (1)
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silicates
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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sulfates
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gypsum (1)
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halotrichite (1)
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melanterite (1)
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voltaite (1)
-
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sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (3)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Caspian Depression (2)
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
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Brunei (3)
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
-
Burma (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (6)
-
-
Japan
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Honshu
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Kii Peninsula (1)
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-
Shimanto Belt (1)
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Timor (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
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Taiwan (1)
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-
Indian Peninsula
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India (1)
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Pakistan
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Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
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-
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
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Dead Sea (1)
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Dead Sea Rift (1)
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Iran (2)
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Israel
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Negev (1)
-
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Turkey
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Bosporus (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Barbados Ridge (1)
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Bay of Fundy (1)
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Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
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Caribbean Sea (2)
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Gulf of Cadiz (1)
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Gulf of Maine (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (4)
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Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1)
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Hudson Bay (1)
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North Sea (3)
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Northeast Atlantic (2)
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Porcupine Basin (2)
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Rockall Trough (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southeast Atlantic (1)
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-
-
atmosphere (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Northern Territory Australia
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Gosses Bluff (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
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Canterbury New Zealand
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Christchurch New Zealand (1)
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-
Gisborne New Zealand (1)
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Raukumara Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
barite deposits (1)
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bibliography (1)
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bitumens (1)
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boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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James Bay (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
-
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Quebec (1)
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (3)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Caspian Sea (5)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (3)
-
-
Pleistocene (3)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (3)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (5)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
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Nicaragua (1)
-
Panama (2)
-
-
clay mineralogy (3)
-
continental shelf (1)
-
continental slope (1)
-
crust (2)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
data processing (7)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 84
-
DSDP Site 570 (1)
-
-
-
Leg 11
-
DSDP Site 105 (1)
-
-
Leg 14
-
DSDP Site 135 (1)
-
-
Leg 42B
-
DSDP Site 379 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (5)
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diagenesis (1)
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earthquakes (7)
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economic geology (2)
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engineering geology (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Swiss Alps (1)
-
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Azerbaijan
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Baku Azerbaijan (1)
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Azov region (1)
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Azov Sea (2)
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Caucasus (2)
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Swiss Alps (1)
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-
-
Danube Delta (1)
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Krasnodar Russian Federation
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Taman Peninsula (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
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Greece
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Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
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Abruzzi Italy (1)
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Apennines
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Central Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (2)
-
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Modena Italy (1)
-
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine
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Kerch Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
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Ireland
-
Clare Ireland (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Shropshire England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (29)
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folds (9)
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fractures (3)
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geochemistry (8)
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geochronology (1)
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geodesy (1)
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geomorphology (10)
-
geophysical methods (39)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
ground water (2)
-
heat flow (3)
-
hydrology (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (1)
-
-
intrusions (8)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
land subsidence (2)
-
magmas (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Brunei (3)
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East Malaysia
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
Timor (1)
-
-
mantle (1)
-
marine geology (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
Black Sea (3)
-
Florence Rise (1)
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
Hellenic Trench (1)
-
Mediterranean Ridge (6)
-
West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
schists
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tourmalinite (1)
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metamorphism (2)
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metasomatism (4)
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Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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minerals (2)
-
mud volcanoes (99)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 112
-
ODP Site 685 (1)
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-
Leg 146
-
ODP Site 889 (1)
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-
Leg 160
-
ODP Site 970 (1)
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ODP Site 971 (1)
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-
Leg 164
-
ODP Site 994 (1)
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ODP Site 995 (1)
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ODP Site 997 (1)
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-
Leg 170
-
ODP Site 1041 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (16)
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Oceania
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Micronesia
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Mariana Islands (1)
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-
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oceanography (1)
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oil and gas fields (6)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Middle America Trench (1)
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Santa Monica Basin (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (2)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
Santa Monica Basin (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Okhotsk Sea (2)
-
South China Sea
-
Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
Southwest Pacific (1)
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Mariana Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (2)
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
-
-
-
Southwest Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
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mud volcanoes
Engineering geomorphological reconnaissance of the December 2018 Waimata Valley mud volcano eruption, Gisborne, New Zealand
Sea bottom characteristics and geochemistry of oil and gas seeps in the Gulf of Mexico
Determining 3D seismic characteristics of the conduit system of the Changchang sag, Qiongdongnan Basin
Focused fluid flow systems discovered from seismic data at the southern margin of the South China Sea
The genesis of a giant mud canopy by catastrophic failure of a thick evaporite sealing layer
Structure of giant buried mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin: Enhanced seismic image and field gravity data by using normalized full gradient method
Structural features and formation conditions of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin
The history of the upstream oil and gas industry in Italy
Abstract The aim of this work is to provide a synthetic history of the Italian upstream oil and gas industry, from its early start until today. Among European countries, Italy has one of the richest abundance of evidence of hydrocarbon seepages. The populations that have inhabited the country during the various historical periods took advantage of these phenomena, harvesting oil and bitumen from the surface. A testimony of such activity is an ingot of purified bitumen dated as first century AD found in central Italy. In the nineteenth century, seepages attracted the interest of oil companies that began to explore the Apennines. The drilling of the first modern oil well was realized in 1860 near Ozzano (Parma). The first onshore seismic reflection survey was acquired in 1940. The well Caviaga-1 was drilled in 1944 near Milan, discovering a gas field of 12.5 Bcm. It was one of the major European gas fields and it marked the starting point of the modern Italian petroleum industry. The widespread use of seismic reflection triggered an intense period of exploration. The first material oil discoveries were Ragusa (in 1954) and Gela (in 1956), both in Sicily. By the mid-1950s, the first offshore seismic survey started in the Adriatic Sea. In 1959, the drilling of well Gela 21, the first offshore well in Europe, boosted further exploration possibilities. During the following decades, the level of exploration and production (E&P) activities remained high, while from the beginning of the third millennium there has been a general slowdown. Since 2007, the level of exploration drilling has dropped to under 10 wells per year. In 2014, this negative trend was further confirmed with no exploratory wells drilled. The causes of this decline derive from the exploration maturity of the biogenic gas play and from the heavy bureaucratic processes involved in obtaining authorization. However, the main cause is probably the strong opposition from environmentalist associations to any kind of petroleum activities.
PREFERRED ORIENTATION PATTERNS OF PHYLLOSILICATES IN SURFACE CLAYS
Cold seepages: An economic tool for hydrocarbon appraisal
Barite mineralization in the Deryugin Basin of the Okhotsk Sea: Active processes and formation conditions
Abstract: Mud volcanoes occur in many petroliferous basins and are associated with significant drilling hazards. To illustrate the type of information that can be extracted from limited petrophysical datasets in such geomechanically complex settings, we use P-wave velocity data to calculate the mechanical properties and stresses on a two-dimensional vertical section across a mud volcano in the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshly field, South Caspian Basin. We find that: (1) the values of the properties and stresses calculated in this way have realistic magnitudes; (2) the calculated pore fluid pressures show spatial variations around the mud volcano that potentially highlight areas of fluid recharging after the most recent eruption; and (3) the information obtained is sufficient to provide helpful indications of the width of the drilling window. Although calculations of this kind may be readily improved with more sophisticated petrophysical datasets, the simplicity of this approach makes it attractive for reconnaissance surveys designed to identify targets worthy of further investigation in developing our understanding of mud volcano geomechanics, or which could be used to help formulate drilling strategies. Correction notice: The original version was incorrect. All instances of mbsf (metres below seafloor) should have read mbsl (metres below sea-level).
Understanding the trigger for the LUSI mud volcano eruption from ground deformation signatures
Abstract The LUSI mud volcano in the sub-district of Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia started to erupt on 29 May 2006. An almost continuous eruption of a mixture of mud, water and gas has occurred around this area since this date. The eruption triggered vertical and horizontal ground deformation. From June 2006 to December 2010, 14 global positioning system campaigns were conducted to observe the ground deformation using c . 50 stations sparsely located up to 10 km from the eruption centre. Field observations of cracks, terrestrial laser scanning and geo-electrical measurements have also been used to infer the ground deformation signature around the LUSI mud volcano. More than 150 pairs of interferograms generated from 66 ALOS PALSAR images from June 2006 to December 2009 have also been used to study the ground deformation caused by the LUSI mud volcano. The LUSI mud eruption began only 200 m from where the Lapindo Inc. oil company was drilling for oil and gas. The drilling may have pierced a deeper high-pressure zone, causing an underground blow-out of the drillhole into a hydrofracture. Alternatively, the magnitude 6.3 Yogyakarta earthquake, which was located c . 275 km from the eruption site and occurred two days before the LUSI eruption, may have shaken the area sufficiently to cause the eruption by reactivating a fault in the region and liquefying the mud. These two hypotheses for triggering the mud volcano have been argued vehemently and still remain controversial. The ground deformation signatures provide important clues to understanding the trigger for the eruption and to solve this controversy. Co-seismic fault reactivation has its own typical ground deformation signature. This study used global positioning system and InSAR techniques, as well as field observations of cracks, terrestrial laser scanning and geo-electrical measurements, to determine the signature of ground deformation around the LUSI mud volcano and to explain the triggering mechanism.