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Format
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Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Adrar des Iforas (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola (2)
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Gabon (1)
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Rwanda (1)
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East Africa
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Djibouti (1)
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Sudan
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Darfur (1)
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (2)
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Babor Range (1)
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Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (109)
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High Atlas (104)
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Middle Atlas (31)
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Ceuta (4)
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Egypt (21)
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Libya
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Maghreb (11)
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Morocco
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Marrakech Morocco (9)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Moulouya River (7)
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Rabat Morocco (6)
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Rehamna (2)
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Rif
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Beni Bouchera (19)
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Tafilalt (13)
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Tangier Morocco (4)
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Tell (5)
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Tindouf Basin (4)
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Western Sahara (7)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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South Africa (4)
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West Africa
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Mali (3)
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Niger (2)
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Senegal
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Far East
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Borneo
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China
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Hubei China
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Indonesia
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Middle East
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Meguma Terrane (2)
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Western Canada
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Kokchetav Massif (2)
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Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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developing countries (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Pindus Mountains (1)
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Sterea Ellas
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Attica Greece
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Iberian Peninsula
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Central Iberian Zone (2)
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Gibraltar (10)
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Ossa-Morena Zone (3)
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Portugal (8)
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Spain
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Almeria Spain (1)
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Alpujarride Complex (3)
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Malaguide Complex (2)
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Nevado-Filabride Complex (2)
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Serrania de Ronda (11)
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Aragon Spain
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Betic Cordillera
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Serrania de Ronda (11)
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Betic Zone (13)
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Cantabrian Mountains (2)
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Catalonia Spain (1)
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Iberian Mountains (2)
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Murcia Spain (1)
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Subbetic Zone (1)
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Valencia region
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Alicante Spain (1)
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Italy
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Abruzzi Italy
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Apennines (6)
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Emilia-Romagna Italy
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Ligurian Alps (2)
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Romania (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Indian Ocean
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Red Sea
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Latin America (1)
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Malay Archipelago
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Mediterranean region
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Greek Aegean Islands
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Samos (1)
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Calabrian Arc (2)
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Mediterranean Sea
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West Mediterranean
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Meseta (16)
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Mexico
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Near East (1)
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North America
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Appalachians (3)
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Permian Basin (1)
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South America
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Amazonian Craton (1)
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Brazil
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Chile
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California
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elements, isotopes
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chlorine
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fluorine
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hydrogen
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magnesium (1)
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aluminum (1)
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lead
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helium
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oxygen
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fossils
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Pterosauria (1)
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (2)
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Goniatitida
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Goniatitidae
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Gastropoda (1)
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Tentaculitida
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Porifera (3)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Rotalipora (1)
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Orbitoidacea
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Lepidocyclina (1)
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Radiolaria (3)
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Vermes
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Annelida (2)
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Metazoa (2)
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microfossils
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Charophyta (2)
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Fusulinina (1)
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palynomorphs
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pollen (4)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (2)
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Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae
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nannofossils (4)
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Rhodophyta (1)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Euphorbiaceae (2)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae (1)
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-
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problematic fossils (3)
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Pterobranchia (1)
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thallophytes (4)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (8)
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exposure age (3)
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fission-track dating (4)
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paleomagnetism (25)
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thermochronology (4)
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U/Pb (28)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Roman period (2)
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene
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Eemian (1)
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (2)
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-
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upper Quaternary (2)
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (2)
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middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (11)
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Pontian (2)
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Tortonian (5)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (2)
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upper Neogene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian (2)
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middle Eocene
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Lutetian (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (1)
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middle Oligocene (1)
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
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-
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (2)
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-
-
-
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upper Cenozoic
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Villafranchian (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Bahariya Formation (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (4)
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Aptian (2)
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Berriasian (2)
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Neocomian (1)
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Valanginian (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (2)
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Coniacian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian (4)
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Santonian (1)
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Senonian (4)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (2)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Carixian (1)
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Domerian (2)
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Hettangian (2)
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lower Liassic (9)
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middle Liassic (7)
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Pliensbachian (9)
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Sinemurian (7)
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Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (2)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
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upper Liassic (13)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (7)
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Bajocian (6)
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Bathonian (3)
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Callovian (1)
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Dogger (6)
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Posidonia Shale (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Morrison Formation (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Portlandian (2)
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Tithonian (2)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Moenave Formation (1)
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Newark Supergroup (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Carnian (4)
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Norian (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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MIS 3 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lancara Formation (1)
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Lower Cambrian
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Atdabanian (1)
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Tommotian (4)
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Middle Cambrian (9)
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Upper Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Dinantian (14)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (8)
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Upper Mississippian
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Serpukhovian (1)
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (2)
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Westphalian (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (6)
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Pragian (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (6)
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Givetian
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upper Givetian (1)
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-
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian (9)
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Frasnian (5)
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Kellwasser event (2)
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-
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (2)
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Floian (1)
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Tremadocian (3)
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Middle Ordovician
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Darriwilian (2)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (3)
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Hirnantian (3)
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Katian (2)
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-
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Kungurian (1)
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Middle Permian (1)
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Upper Permian (2)
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Silurian
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Upper Silurian
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Pridoli (1)
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-
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upper Paleozoic (3)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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middle Precambrian (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (2)
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (2)
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Dengying Formation (1)
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Ediacaran (9)
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Infracambrian (1)
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Tonian (2)
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Vendian (4)
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Paleoproterozoic (6)
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Sinian
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Dengying Formation (1)
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-
-
-
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Saxothuringian (1)
-
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igneous rocks
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agglutinates (1)
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extrusive rocks (2)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (4)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (4)
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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gabbros (4)
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granites
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A-type granites (1)
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leucogranite (3)
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monzogranite (2)
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granodiorites (7)
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lamproite (3)
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lamprophyres (2)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (2)
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syenites
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albitite (1)
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alkali syenites (1)
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nepheline syenite
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agpaite (1)
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shonkinite (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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harzburgite (4)
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lherzolite (7)
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pyroxenite
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ariegite (1)
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clinopyroxenite (2)
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garnet pyroxenite
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griquaite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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alkali basalts (3)
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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shoshonite (1)
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tholeiite (4)
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basanite (3)
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dacites (1)
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glasses (1)
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keratophyre (1)
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komatiite (1)
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nephelinite (4)
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phonolites (2)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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tuff (1)
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-
-
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ophiolite (12)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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eclogite (2)
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gneisses
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orthogneiss (1)
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granulites
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kinzigite (3)
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hornfels (1)
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listwanite (1)
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marbles (3)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasite (1)
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metagabbro (1)
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serpentinite (3)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metaconglomerate (1)
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metagraywacke (1)
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metapelite (8)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (1)
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rodingite (1)
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serpentinite (3)
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skarn (6)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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phyllites (3)
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quartzites (5)
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schists
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biotite schist (1)
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greenschist (1)
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muscovite schist (1)
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ophiolite (12)
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turbidite (19)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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iron meteorites
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ataxite (1)
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hexahedrite (1)
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octahedrite (1)
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minerals
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alloys
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plessite (1)
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silicides (1)
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arsenates (9)
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arsenides
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cobaltite (2)
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gersdorffite (2)
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lollingite (2)
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maucherite (1)
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nickeline (2)
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pararammelsbergite (1)
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rammelsbergite (2)
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skutterudite (1)
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borates (1)
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carbonates
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alumohydrocalcite (1)
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aragonite (1)
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calcite (5)
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dolomite (5)
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copper minerals (2)
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halides
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chlorides
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eudialyte (1)
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paratacamite (1)
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pyromorphite (1)
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vanadinite (1)
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fluorides
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fluorite (3)
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zunyite (1)
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minerals (12)
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native elements
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diamond
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microdiamond (2)
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graphite (1)
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lonsdaleite (1)
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oxides
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cassiterite (1)
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chrome spinel (3)
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chromite (2)
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corundum (1)
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diaspore (1)
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goethite (1)
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hematite (3)
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iron oxides (3)
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manganese oxides (1)
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manganite (1)
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niobates
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rutile (1)
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tantalates
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microlite (1)
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tantalite (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (7)
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barbosalite (1)
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monazite (2)
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pyromorphite (1)
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triphylite (1)
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selenides (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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actinolite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (1)
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augite (1)
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orthopyroxene
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enstatite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
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wollastonite (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
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plagioclase
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anorthite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
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nepheline (1)
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silica minerals
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coesite (2)
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quartz (4)
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sodalite group
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hauyne (1)
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nosean (1)
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sodalite (1)
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zeolite group (1)
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garnierite (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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braunite (2)
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chloritoid (1)
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garnet group
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andradite (1)
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hydrogarnet (1)
-
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kyanite (2)
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mullite (1)
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
-
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titanite group
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malayaite (1)
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titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (26)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
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axinite group (1)
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epidote group
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epidote (1)
-
-
pumpellyite group
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pumpellyite (1)
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vesuvianite (3)
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zunyite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
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cordierite (1)
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eudialyte (1)
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tourmaline group (2)
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-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chamosite (1)
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chlorite (3)
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cookeite (1)
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sudoite (2)
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-
clay minerals
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beidellite (2)
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dickite (1)
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halloysite (1)
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kaolinite (5)
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montmorillonite (3)
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saponite (2)
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smectite (11)
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stevensite (7)
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vermiculite (4)
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corrensite (1)
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illite (10)
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mica group
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biotite (5)
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muscovite (3)
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paragonite (1)
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phengite (1)
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palygorskite (4)
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pyrophyllite (1)
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sepiolite (1)
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serpentine group
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berthierine (1)
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cronstedtite (1)
-
-
-
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sulfates
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gypsum (1)
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sulfides
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acanthite (1)
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bornite (1)
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cattierite (1)
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chalcopyrite (1)
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cobaltite (2)
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galena (4)
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gersdorffite (2)
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linnaeite (1)
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molybdenite (1)
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pyrite (2)
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pyrrhotite (2)
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siegenite (1)
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sphalerite (1)
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sternbergite (1)
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vaesite (1)
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sulfosalts
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pyrargyrite (1)
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sulfarsenites
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pearceite (1)
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proustite (1)
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tennantite (1)
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-
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tungstates
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scheelite (1)
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wolframite (2)
-
-
vanadates
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vanadinite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (54)
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academic institutions (1)
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Africa
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Adrar des Iforas (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola (2)
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East Africa
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Djibouti (1)
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (2)
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Babor Range (1)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (109)
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High Atlas (104)
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Middle Atlas (31)
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Ceuta (4)
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Egypt (21)
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Ghadames Basin (4)
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Libya
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Maghreb (11)
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Morocco
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Bou Azzer (23)
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Casablanca Morocco (1)
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Marrakech Morocco (9)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (109)
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High Atlas (104)
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Middle Atlas (31)
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Moulouya River (7)
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Rabat Morocco (6)
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Rehamna (2)
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Rif
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Beni Bouchera (19)
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Tafilalt (13)
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Tangier Morocco (4)
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Taourirt Morocco (1)
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Tarfaya Morocco (4)
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Taza Morocco (3)
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Tell (5)
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Tindouf Basin (4)
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Tunisia
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Tunis Tunisia (1)
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Western Sahara (7)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Reguibat Ridge (1)
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Sahara (7)
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Sahel (1)
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Southern Africa
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Tibesti Massif (1)
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Benin (1)
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Dakar Senegal (1)
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Taoudenni Basin (1)
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West African Craton (7)
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Asia
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Far East
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Atlantic Ocean
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Canada
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inclusions
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Indian Ocean
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Exopterygota
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Trilobitomorpha
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Ptychopariida
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Redlichiida (2)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Rhynchonellida
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Rhynchonellidae (2)
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Bryozoa
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Trepostomata (2)
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Cnidaria
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Rugosa (2)
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Scyphozoa
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Conulariida (1)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Cephalopoda
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Gastropoda (1)
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Tentaculitida
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Porifera (3)
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Protista
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Orbitoidacea
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Vermes
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stable isotopes
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land use (5)
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Malay Archipelago
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Mediterranean region
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Calabrian Arc (2)
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West Mediterranean
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Bahariya Formation (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (4)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (2)
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Coniacian (1)
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Maestrichtian (4)
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Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
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Middle Jurassic
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Dogger (6)
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Posidonia Shale (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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metal ores
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
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metamorphic rocks
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North America
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 108
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ODP Site 658 (1)
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Leg 161
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ODP Site 976 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Mississippian
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Tournaisian (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (8)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Morocco
Quantification of internal heterogeneity across a submarine channel bend: a unique example from the late Tortonian Tachrift Channel Complex 5 (Taza–Guercif Basin, NE Morocco) Available to Purchase
Influence of Anthropogenic Groundwater Unloading in Haouz Plain on the 8 September 2023 M w 6.8 Al Haouz, Morocco Earthquake Available to Purchase
Evaporites and red beds of a syn-rift Atlantic series: evidence of continental depositional environment (Berrechid sub-basin, Morocco) Available to Purchase
Relocation of the 8 September 2023 High Atlas, Morocco, Earthquake Aftershock Sequence Available to Purchase
The relationships between modern pollen rain assemblages and vegetation from Sougna Mountain (Rif Mountains-Northern Morocco) Available to Purchase
The role of inherited extensional faulting in the creation of Atlasic structures: the case study of the Semmama back-thrust anticline Available to Purchase
Role of the pre-orogenic rifting and preexisting Mesozoic salt tectonics on the deformation of the Southern Atlas front of Tunisia Available to Purchase
Foreland evolution in the inherited basement structure of the Pre-African Tinghir-Errachidia-Boudenib basin (Moroccan southern Atlas margin) Available to Purchase
Metamorphic and chronological records of early Permian continental collision in Beni Bousera granulites (Internal Rif belt): implications for the tectonic evolution of northern Morocco during Pangea construction Available to Purchase
Rapid Fatality Estimates after Earthquakes in Western Mediterranean Countries for First Response Available to Purchase
EARLY JURASSIC BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ECOLOGY FROM THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS, MOROCCO Available to Purchase
Contourite-drift archive links Late Devonian bioevents with periodic anoxic shelf water cascading Open Access
Oroclinal arcs of the Variscan Belt: a consequence of transpression during the consolidation of Pangaea Available to Purchase
The Fezouata Shale Formation biota is typical for the high latitudes of the Early Ordovician—a quantitative approach Open Access
The Cambrian Atlas – Ossa–Morena – North Armorican Rift, West Gondwana: along- and off-axis stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic patterns Available to Purchase
Abstract The Cambrian Atlas – Ossa–Morena – North Armorican Rift extended along West Gondwana from the end of the Pan-African and Cadomian orogenies until the diachronous beginning of drift conditions related to the opening of the Rheic Ocean. The along-axis rift cross-cut the western parts of the Anti-Atlas, High Atlas and Coastal Meseta, which were linked to the Ossa–Morena Zone and the North Armorican Domain, whereas several joint tectonic branches connected with off-axis rift transects of the Central Iberian, West Asturian–Leonese and Cantabrian zones (Iberian Massif), the Central and South Armorican domains, the Occitan Domain, the Pyrenees, and southern Sardinia. The pre-rift unconformity, post-dating the orogenic collapse, is characterized by initial (half-)graben development and subsequent infill, with slope-related breccias and conglomerates controlled by the denudation of surrounding uplands. Synrift pulses show regional extension and are distinctly identifiable on the top of rift shoulders, recording episodes of carbonate production due to their association with karst and hydrothermal processes. The break-up unconformity ranges from volcanic-free angular discordances and paraconformities to generalized uplift and denudation of subaerially exposed areas, associated with the onset of granite-dominant large igneous provinces (LIPs). The Furongian–Tremadocian (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) phases have been interpreted as due to: (i) Andean-type subduction magmatism reaching the crust in an arc–back-arc setting; (ii) post-collisional decompression melting without significant mantle involvement; and (iii) partial melting of the lower continental crust affected by the underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to superplumes.