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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Central Africa (1)
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East Africa
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Zambia
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Kafue River (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (1)
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Cameroon (1)
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Chad (1)
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Nigeria
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Alexander Terrane (1)
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Antarctica
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Russian Arctic (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Kuznetsk Alatau (3)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Far East
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Burma (1)
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China
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West Siberia
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Atlantic Ocean
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Australasia
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Australia
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Canada
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Newfoundland (2)
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Western Canada
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Selwyn Basin (1)
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Central America
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Caucasus
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Europe
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Western Europe
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France
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Scandinavia
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Finland (2)
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Norway
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Nordland Norway
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Lofoten Islands (1)
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Northern Norway (1)
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Oslo Graben (1)
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Soroy (1)
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Vestfold Norway
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Sweden (1)
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Front Range (2)
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Juneau ice field (1)
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Kos (1)
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Marcy Massif (2)
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Mediterranean region
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Mexico
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Chiapas Mexico (1)
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Durango Mexico (1)
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Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
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Zacatecas Mexico (1)
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North America
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province
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Nain Province (2)
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North American Cordillera
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United States
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Texas
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Utah
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Virginia
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Wisconsin (1)
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commodities
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carbon
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chemical ratios (3)
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hydrogen
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incompatible elements (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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D/H (4)
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deuterium (1)
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (22)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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large-ion lithophile elements (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
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bismuth (1)
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copper (4)
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gold (4)
-
hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
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iron (2)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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noble gases
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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tellurium (2)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (17)
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K/Ar (15)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Mesozoic
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Upper Cretaceous (5)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Nicola Group (2)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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-
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Upper Carboniferous (2)
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Devonian
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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-
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Permian
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Upper Permian (2)
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Silurian
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upper Paleozoic
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Garhwal Group (1)
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Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (2)
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Archean
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Neoarchean (1)
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Laramie anorthosite complex (4)
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Sandia Granite (2)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Helikian (1)
-
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Neoproterozoic (3)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Wollaston Group (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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granodiorites (21)
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granosyenite (2)
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nepheline syenite
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quartz syenite (5)
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shonkinite (2)
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syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
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peridotites (3)
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pyroxenite (6)
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porphyry (8)
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volcanic rocks
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adakites (1)
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andesites (9)
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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hawaiite (1)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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shoshonite (3)
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basanite (1)
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dacites (5)
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latite (2)
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pyroclastics
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welded tuff (1)
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quartz latite (1)
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trachyandesites (3)
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trachytes (2)
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ophiolite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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granulites (4)
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metasedimentary rocks
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skarn (15)
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minerals
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halides
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hydrates (1)
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minerals (8)
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phosphates
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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hornblende (11)
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-
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (4)
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augite (5)
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diopside (2)
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hedenbergite (3)
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orthopyroxene (1)
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tobermorite (2)
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wollastonite group
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wollastonite (1)
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xonotlite (2)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (4)
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plagioclase
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albite (1)
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leucite (1)
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nepheline group
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nepheline (1)
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pseudoleucite (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (7)
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sodalite group
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sodalite (2)
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zeolite group
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analcime (1)
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thomsonite (1)
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-
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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andradite (1)
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grossular (1)
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hydrogarnet
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hydrogrossular (1)
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olivine group
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fayalite (2)
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monticellite (2)
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spurrite (2)
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thaumasite (1)
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titanite group
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titanite (6)
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zircon group
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zircon (39)
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-
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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epidote (1)
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melilite group
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gehlenite (2)
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vesuvianite (1)
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ring silicates
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beryl (1)
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emerald (1)
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scawtite (2)
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tourmaline group (2)
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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allophane (1)
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kaolinite (1)
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smectite (1)
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mica group
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biotite (18)
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muscovite (4)
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sericite (3)
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serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
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-
-
-
sulfates
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thaumasite (1)
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sulfides
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chalcopyrite (1)
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tungstates
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scheelite (3)
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-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (80)
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Africa
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Antarctica
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Asia
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Indonesia
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (5)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Australasia
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Queensland Australia
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Yilgarn Craton (1)
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-
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Papua New Guinea
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Bougainville (1)
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-
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (2)
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brines (2)
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Canada
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Cassiar Mountains (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Newfoundland (2)
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Ontario
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-
-
Quebec
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Lac-Saint-Jean-Est County Quebec (1)
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Morin Complex (1)
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-
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Rossland British Columbia (2)
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Canadian Cordillera (4)
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Saskatchewan
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Selwyn Basin (1)
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-
-
-
carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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upper Eocene (2)
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Oligocene
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Paleocene (1)
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upper Tertiary (1)
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Central America
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chemical analysis (1)
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Europe
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Romania
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Western Europe
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France
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Scandinavia
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-
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Sweden (1)
-
-
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explosions (1)
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faults (19)
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hydrogen
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D/H (4)
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igneous rocks
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picrite (1)
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anorthosite (29)
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quartz diorites (3)
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tonalite (6)
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essexite (1)
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gabbros
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norite (3)
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troctolite (5)
-
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granites
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adamellite (1)
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aplite (4)
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A-type granites (2)
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biotite granite (1)
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charnockite (16)
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granosyenite (2)
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I-type granites (3)
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leucogranite (3)
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monzogranite
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farsundite (1)
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rapakivi (5)
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S-type granites (2)
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two-mica granite (1)
-
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granodiorites (21)
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ijolite (1)
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jotunite (2)
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lamproite (2)
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lamprophyres
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minette (1)
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spessartite (1)
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monzodiorite (14)
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monzonites
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mangerite (24)
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pegmatite (10)
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quartz monzonite (15)
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nepheline syenite
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ultramafics
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porphyry (8)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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trachybasalts (1)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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shoshonite (3)
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basanite (1)
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dacites (5)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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welded tuff (1)
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trachyandesites (3)
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-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (9)
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intrusions (103)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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B-11/B-10 (2)
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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D/H (4)
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deuterium (1)
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (22)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
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-
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lava (1)
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magmas (61)
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Malay Archipelago
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New Guinea
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Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
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-
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mantle (19)
-
maps (5)
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Mediterranean region
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Aegean Islands (1)
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-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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lower Albian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (5)
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic (4)
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (2)
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-
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic (1)
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Middle Triassic (1)
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Nicola Group (2)
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Upper Triassic (3)
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Yanshanian (1)
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metal ores
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arsenic ores (1)
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base metals (1)
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bismuth ores (1)
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cobalt ores (1)
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copper ores (28)
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lead ores (1)
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lead-zinc deposits (2)
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molybdenum ores (13)
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nickel ores (1)
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platinum ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (2)
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silver ores (5)
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titanium ores (1)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium (3)
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alkali metals
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lithium (1)
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potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (2)
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beryllium (1)
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strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
-
-
-
bismuth (1)
-
copper (4)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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molybdenum (2)
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platinum group
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rare earths
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dysprosium (2)
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europium (2)
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lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (22)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
ytterbium (3)
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yttrium (2)
-
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rhenium (1)
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silver (1)
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tin (3)
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zinc (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (4)
-
hornfels (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (2)
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paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
skarn (15)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
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migmatites (1)
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mylonites
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ultramylonite (1)
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quartzites (1)
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schists (2)
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metamorphism (17)
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metasomatism (28)
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Mexico
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Chiapas Mexico (1)
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Zacatecas Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (40)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
North America
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Hearne Province (1)
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Grenville Province
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Central Gneiss Belt (1)
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Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
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Nain Province (2)
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (3)
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Wabigoon Belt (1)
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-
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Great Lakes region (1)
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Grenville Front (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (4)
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Omineca Belt (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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-
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Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
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Sonoran Desert (1)
-
-
Oceania
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Melanesia
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Bougainville (1)
-
-
-
orogeny (5)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
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paleogeography (1)
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paleomagnetism (3)
-
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Late Paleozoic–Cenozoic Tectonothermal Evolution of Transbaikalia: Thermochronology of the Angara–Vitim Granitoid Batholith
Chronology of Alkaline Magmatism and Gold Mineralization in the Central Aldan Ore District (Southern Yakutia)
Petrologic constraints on the origin of Proterozoic ferroan granites of the Laurentian margin
ABSTRACT Ferroan granite is a characteristic rock type of the Laurentian margin. It is commonly associated with anorthosite and related rocks. Ferroan granites are strongly enriched in iron, are alkalic to alkali-calcic, and are generally metaluminous. These geochemical characteristics reflect their tholeiitic parental magma source and relatively reducing and anhydrous conditions of crystallization. Their compositions distinguish them from arc magmas, which are magnesian and calcic to calc-alkalic. Ferroan granite magmas are hot, which promotes partial melting of their crustal wall rocks. Assimilation of these silica-rich and peraluminous melts drives the resulting magmas to higher silica and aluminum saturation values. Where Proterozoic ferroan granites intrude Archean crust, their mantle component is readily identified isotopically, but this is more difficult where they intrude relatively juvenile crust. Ferroan granite forms in tectonic environments that allow partial melts of tholeiitic mantle to pond and differentiate at or near the base of the crust. Phanerozoic examples occur in plume settings, such as the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone, or under certain conditions involving slab rollback, such as those that formed the Cenozoic topaz rhyolites of the western United States or ferroan rhyolites of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is possible that the long-lived supercontinent Nuna-Rodinia, of which Laurentia was a part, formed an insulating lid that raised underlying mantle temperatures and created a unique environment that enabled emplacement of large volumes of mafic melt at the base of the crust. Ascent of felsic differentiates accompanied by variable crustal assimilation may have created large volumes of Proterozoic ferroan granite and related rocks.
ABSTRACT Mesoproterozoic crust is widely exposed in the Grenville Province portion of northeastern Laurentia, where it is interpreted as an assemblage of two continental-arc segments separated by a composite arc belt (Quebecia) with island-arc remnants. A synthesis of the geologic context, types, and geochemical patterns of 1.5–1.35 Ga granitoids reveals a regional distribution in each segment, with dioritic to granitic plutonism variably associated with arc-related volcano-sedimentary belts in the south and inboard monzonitic to granitic plutonism in the north. In addition, belts of dioritic to granitic orthogneisses occupy intermediate positions in Quebecia and in the west. The inboard granites are consistently old in all segments (1.5–1.45 Ga), but the preserved volcano-sedimentary belts are older in the east and in Quebecia (1.5–1.45 Ga) and younger in the west (1.39? and 1.36 Ga), while the belts of orthogneisses show a large spread of ages at 1.45–1.37 Ga. Granitoids in the volcano-sedimentary belts and the orthogneisses include magnesian, calcic to calc-alkalic components to ferroan, alkali-calcic components. In contrast, the inboard plutons are dominantly ferroan and alkali-calcic to alkalic in the continental-arc segments, where they are locally associated with anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suites. Collectively, the different types of granitoid magmatism can be linked to an active margin, with subduction under northeastern Laurentia, involving arc building, arc rifting, back-arc opening and inboard extension, and amalgamation processes variably operating at different parts of the margin and at different times. In addition, the data provide a basis for comparison with other parts of the eastern to southwestern Laurentian margin in the 1.5–1.35 Ga time frame.