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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Auckland volcanic field (1)
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North Island (1)
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elements, isotopes
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sulfur (1)
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geochronology methods
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igneous rocks
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minerals
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hydrates (1)
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sulfates (2)
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Primary terms
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Auckland volcanic field (1)
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climate change (2)
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conservation (1)
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crust (2)
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data processing (1)
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faults (2)
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geochemistry (1)
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geomorphology (1)
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heat flow (1)
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igneous rocks (1)
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intrusions (1)
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magmas (1)
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mantle (1)
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planar bedding structures
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sediments
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites (1)
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sedimentary structures
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channels (1)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (1)
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planar bedding structures
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cross-stratification (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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MOLA
Dune interactions record changes in boundary conditions
Abstract It is imperative today to make geoheritage conservation an essential part of all environmental standards and operational procedures. This is because geoheritage conservation secures the preservation of in situ geoheritage elements especially in urban environments such as Auckland. Geoheritage in Auckland is strongly associated with both indigenous culture and textbook geology of monogenetic volcanism, and it can play an important role in hazard forecasting and risk mitigation. To date, there has been a lack of policy or any planning tools based explicitly on the current geopreservation inventory. Here, we present an approach to support policy making informed by a spatial multi-criteria analysis that has long been used in environmental decision-making, supported by multi-layer mapping. A systematic literature review was undertaken to define the most accepted assessment criteria used in geoheritage evaluation. We identified six criteria for the base spatial layers of our analysis, highlighting the most suitable areas for geoheritage conservation. For cultural conservation, we used available archaeological shape files, indigenous land ownership data and elevation data (the volcanic cones had multiple roles in the life of first settlers, the ancestors of the Māori). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) multi-objective land use planning is an effective procedure for achieving complex planning and preservation objectives. It allows for outcomes based on quality data and sound analysis while minimizing compromise and conflict between geoheritage, social and cultural values.
Rapid megaflood-triggered base-level rise on Mars
Precipitation and aridity constraints from paleolakes on early Mars
Potential aeolian deposition of intra-crater layering: A case study of Henry crater, Mars
Time will tell: temporal evolution of Martian gullies and palaeoclimatic implications
Abstract To understand Martian palaeoclimatic conditions and the role of volatiles therein, the spatiotemporal evolution of gullies must be deciphered. While the spatial distribution of gullies has been extensively studied, their temporal evolution is poorly understood. We show that gully size is similar in very young and old craters. Gullies on the walls of very young impact craters (less than a few myr) typically cut into bedrock and are free of latitude-dependent mantle (LDM) and glacial deposits, while such deposits become increasingly evident in older craters. These observations suggest that gullies go through obliquity-driven degradation–accumulation cycles over time, controlled by: (1) LDM emplacement and degradation; and (2) glacial emplacement and removal. In glacially-influenced craters, the distribution of gullies on crater walls coincides with the extent of glacial deposits, which suggests that the melting of snow and ice played a role in the formation of these gullies. Yet, present-day activity is observed in some gullies on formerly glaciated crater walls. Moreover, in very young craters, extensive gullies have formed in the absence of LDM and glacial deposits, showing that gully formation can also be unrelated to these deposits. The Martian climate varied substantially over time, and the gully-forming mechanisms are likely to have varied accordingly.
Abstract We reanalyse the global distribution of gullies in order to provide a set of observational constraints that models of gully formation must explain. We validate our results derived from the global data with four detailed case studies. We show that the availability of steep slopes is an essential factor to consider when assessing the spatial distribution and abundance of gullies. When the availability of steep slopes is taken into account, it reveals, with a few exceptions, that gullies are found almost uniformly across the whole 30°–90° latitude band. Our analysis also reveals that massive ice deposits are anti-correlated with gullies, and that the undulations in the equatorwards limits of the gully distribution could be explained by longitudinal variations in maximum surface temperatures (controlled by variations in surface properties, including thermal inertia and albedo). We find a sharp transition in both hemispheres between pole-facing gullies, which extend from 30° to 40°, to a more mixed, but dominantly equator-facing orientation of gullies polewards of 40°. We have no definitive explanation for this transition but, based on previous studies, we suggest it could be linked to the availability of near-surface ice deposits.
Abstract Gasa crater has been the most active site observed on Mars to date, making it of particular interest for studying the process(es) behind gully formation and activity. In this study, we investigate whether differences in thermal inertia across different segments of gully systems, combined with morphological and colour observations with High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), can provide some constraints on the physical characteristics associated with recent activity within gullies in Gasa. We also investigate thermophysical differences between slopes in Gasa dominated by gully activity compared to those predominantly modified by dry mass-wasting processes. We find that Gasa crater exhibits clear variations in thermal inertia across its walls, controlled by the material properties and the types of dominant mass movement processes occurring on each wall. The youthful gully-fan lobes display thermal inertia values c. 20–40 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2 higher than adjacent older eroded and dust-covered lobes. The talus aprons from mass wasting in Gasa have thermal inertia values c. 60–80 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2 higher than gully aprons. The results of this study thus suggest that thermal imaging can inform us on surface change detection on Mars.