- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
Nile River (1)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Red Sea Hills (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (3)
-
-
-
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Japan
-
Kurosegawa Zone (1)
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
Bengal (1)
-
India
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Iraq (1)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Turkey
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Qiangtang Terrane (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
North Sea
-
Gullfaks Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia
-
New England Range (3)
-
-
Queensland Australia
-
Ernest Henry Deposit (1)
-
-
Victoria Australia (2)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Blue Mountains (1)
-
Bowen Basin (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (1)
-
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario (3)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Labrador Trough (1)
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Bernic Lake (1)
-
Tanco Pegmatite (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Hispaniola
-
Dominican Republic (1)
-
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Saint Vincent (1)
-
Soufriere (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (2)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
Chugach Terrane (1)
-
Colorado River (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
-
-
Carpathians (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Central Bohemian Pluton (1)
-
-
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Pannonian Basin (3)
-
Southern Europe
-
Croatia (1)
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
-
Tuscany Italy (2)
-
-
Serbia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Finistere France
-
Crozon Peninsula (1)
-
-
Pyrenees-Orientales France (1)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (2)
-
Sweden (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Devon England (1)
-
-
Scotland (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Lusitanian Basin (1)
-
Makran (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
English River Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Okanogan Range (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
Peru-Chile Trench (1)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Peninsular Ranges (1)
-
Puna (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (2)
-
South America
-
Amazon Basin (1)
-
Amazon River (1)
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (2)
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Chile
-
Magallanes Chile (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Magdalena River (1)
-
-
Orinoco River (2)
-
Orinoco River basin (1)
-
Paraguay (1)
-
Patagonian Batholith (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
Sydney Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Prince William Terrane (1)
-
Seward Peninsula (1)
-
Yukon-Koyukuk Basin (1)
-
-
Arizona (1)
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California
-
Los Angeles California (1)
-
-
Placer County California (1)
-
San Diego County California (2)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
Southern California (2)
-
-
Colorado (1)
-
Delaware
-
New Castle County Delaware (1)
-
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Gooding County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Lake Tahoe (2)
-
Louisiana (1)
-
Maine
-
Hancock County Maine (1)
-
-
Minnesota
-
Itasca County Minnesota (1)
-
Koochiching County Minnesota (1)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Mississippi Delta (1)
-
Missouri (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Broadwater County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska
-
Banner County Nebraska (1)
-
Cheyenne County Nebraska (1)
-
Kimball County Nebraska (1)
-
Morrill County Nebraska (1)
-
Scotts Bluff County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Churchill County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Jersey (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York (2)
-
North Carolina
-
Person County North Carolina (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
-
-
Reading Prong (1)
-
South Carolina
-
Fairfield County South Carolina (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah (2)
-
Virginia (2)
-
Walker Lane (1)
-
Washington
-
Ferry County Washington (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Crook County Wyoming (1)
-
Goshen County Wyoming (1)
-
Laramie County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
brines (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
niobium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
ornamental materials (1)
-
petroleum (4)
-
potash (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
chemical elements (1)
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (12)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
D/H (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium (1)
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum (2)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
tantalum (1)
-
titanium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda (1)
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria (1)
-
Echinodermata (1)
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
fission-track dating (4)
-
K/Ar (7)
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
U/Pb (14)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Honda Group (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
Mohnian (1)
-
Surma Group (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Pannonian (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Eocene (6)
-
Oligocene (6)
-
Orca Group (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Neuquen Group (1)
-
-
Valdez Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic (2)
-
-
Nicoya Complex (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic (2)
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian (2)
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (4)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (2)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
biotite granite (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (7)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (4)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (2)
-
-
tholeiite (3)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
latite (1)
-
leucitite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (4)
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (3)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metapelite (2)
-
metasandstone (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
skarn (4)
-
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Allan Hills Meteorites
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
minerals (9)
-
oxides
-
chrome spinel (2)
-
chromite (1)
-
gahnite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
ilmenite (2)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
rutile (1)
-
spinel (4)
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (5)
-
monazite (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
arfvedsonite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (1)
-
fassaite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
perthite (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
chalcedony (1)
-
quartz (5)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
majorite (1)
-
-
kyanite (1)
-
larnite (1)
-
mullite (1)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (4)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (13)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
lawsonite (1)
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (6)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (1)
-
-
sulfides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (25)
-
Africa
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
Nile River (1)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Red Sea Hills (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (3)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Japan
-
Kurosegawa Zone (1)
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
Bengal (1)
-
India
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Iraq (1)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Turkey
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Qiangtang Terrane (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
-
associations (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
North Sea
-
Gullfaks Field (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia
-
New England Range (3)
-
-
Queensland Australia
-
Ernest Henry Deposit (1)
-
-
Victoria Australia (2)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
bibliography (1)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (1)
-
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario (3)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Labrador Trough (1)
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Bernic Lake (1)
-
Tanco Pegmatite (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Hispaniola
-
Dominican Republic (1)
-
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Saint Vincent (1)
-
Soufriere (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Honda Group (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
Mohnian (1)
-
Surma Group (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Pannonian (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Eocene (6)
-
Oligocene (6)
-
Orca Group (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
chemical analysis (2)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
continental shelf (1)
-
crust (10)
-
crystal chemistry (3)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
data processing (7)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
Leg 19
-
DSDP Site 186 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (5)
-
diagenesis (6)
-
earthquakes (5)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
economic geology (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
-
-
Carpathians (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Central Bohemian Pluton (1)
-
-
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Pannonian Basin (3)
-
Southern Europe
-
Croatia (1)
-
Dinaric Alps (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
-
Tuscany Italy (2)
-
-
Serbia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Finistere France
-
Crozon Peninsula (1)
-
-
Pyrenees-Orientales France (1)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (2)
-
Sweden (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Devon England (1)
-
-
Scotland (2)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (12)
-
folds (1)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (35)
-
geochronology (6)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (2)
-
geosynclines (2)
-
heat flow (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (4)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (2)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
biotite granite (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (7)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (4)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (2)
-
-
tholeiite (3)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
latite (1)
-
leucitite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
intrusions (31)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda (1)
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria (1)
-
Echinodermata (1)
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
D/H (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
lava (3)
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (29)
-
mantle (9)
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Neuquen Group (1)
-
-
Valdez Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic (2)
-
-
Nicoya Complex (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic (2)
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
niobium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium (1)
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum (2)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
tantalum (1)
-
titanium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (4)
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (3)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metapelite (2)
-
metasandstone (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
skarn (4)
-
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (17)
-
metasomatism (9)
-
meteorites
-
Allan Hills Meteorites
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (4)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (9)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
English River Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Okanogan Range (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program (1)
-
ocean floors (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
oceanography (2)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
orogeny (4)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
Peru-Chile Trench (1)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (4)
-
paleogeography (4)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous (1)
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian (2)
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
-
-
paragenesis (6)
-
petroleum (4)
-
petrology (40)
-
phase equilibria (13)
-
plate tectonics (23)
-
pollution (1)
-
potash (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
sea water (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (10)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite (4)
-
argillite (1)
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
conglomerate (4)
-
graywacke (1)
-
mudstone (2)
-
orthoquartzite (1)
-
radiolarite (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (35)
-
shale (2)
-
subarkose (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
sand bodies (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures (1)
-
-
sedimentation (21)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
loess (1)
-
sand (8)
-
-
marine sediments (2)
-
-
soils (2)
-
South America
-
Amazon Basin (1)
-
Amazon River (1)
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (2)
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Chile
-
Magallanes Chile (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Magdalena River (1)
-
-
Orinoco River (2)
-
Orinoco River basin (1)
-
Paraguay (1)
-
Patagonian Batholith (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
spectroscopy (5)
-
stratigraphy (4)
-
structural analysis (6)
-
structural geology (4)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (4)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Prince William Terrane (1)
-
Seward Peninsula (1)
-
Yukon-Koyukuk Basin (1)
-
-
Arizona (1)
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California
-
Los Angeles California (1)
-
-
Placer County California (1)
-
San Diego County California (2)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
Southern California (2)
-
-
Colorado (1)
-
Delaware
-
New Castle County Delaware (1)
-
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Gooding County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Lake Tahoe (2)
-
Louisiana (1)
-
Maine
-
Hancock County Maine (1)
-
-
Minnesota
-
Itasca County Minnesota (1)
-
Koochiching County Minnesota (1)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Mississippi Delta (1)
-
Missouri (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Broadwater County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska
-
Banner County Nebraska (1)
-
Cheyenne County Nebraska (1)
-
Kimball County Nebraska (1)
-
Morrill County Nebraska (1)
-
Scotts Bluff County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Churchill County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Jersey (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York (2)
-
North Carolina
-
Person County North Carolina (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
-
-
Reading Prong (1)
-
South Carolina
-
Fairfield County South Carolina (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah (2)
-
Virginia (2)
-
Walker Lane (1)
-
Washington
-
Ferry County Washington (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Crook County Wyoming (1)
-
Goshen County Wyoming (1)
-
Laramie County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
volcanology (2)
-
weathering (5)
-
X-ray analysis (5)
-
-
rock formations
-
Deccan Traps (1)
-
Emeishan Basalts (1)
-
Garn Formation (1)
-
Monterey Formation (1)
-
Nubian Sandstone (1)
-
Wood Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
flysch (3)
-
molasse (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite (4)
-
argillite (1)
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
conglomerate (4)
-
graywacke (1)
-
mudstone (2)
-
orthoquartzite (1)
-
radiolarite (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (35)
-
shale (2)
-
subarkose (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
turbidite (3)
-
volcaniclastics (4)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
boudinage (1)
-
channels (2)
-
sedimentary structures
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
sand bodies (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
grus (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
loess (1)
-
sand (8)
-
-
marine sediments (2)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
turbidite (3)
-
volcaniclastics (4)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (2)
-
soils (2)
-
modal analysis
MAPPING THE MINERAL ZONATION AT THE ERNEST HENRY IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT: VECTORING TO Cu-Au MINERALIZATION USING MODAL MINERALOGY
Ambient Vibration Modal Analysis of Natural Rock Towers and Fins
Jurassic–Cretaceous arc magmatism along the Shyok–Bangong Suture of NW Himalaya: formation of the peri-Gondwana basement to the Ladakh Arc
Analysis of soil following a police-led open area search and the recovery of a cold-case homicide grave
Abstract Police in the UK received information that a person had been reported as missing. Despite a diligent search and investigation, the person was not found. Several years later police received intelligence giving the location of a grave believed to contain the remains of the person previously reported as missing and now believed to be a victim of homicide. This new information suggested the missing person had been murdered and their remains were buried in a shallow, unmarked grave. Following a systematic search, the murder victim's body was found at a shallow depth, less than 1 m. Following the forensic recovery of the body, soil samples were collected at, beneath the floor of the grave, along the strike of the grave, downslope and upslope. Analysis of the soil samples showed elevated levels of putrescine, at nearly 150 ppb in the soils beneath, downslope and for several metres upslope from the body at localities where detector dogs had showed an ‘interest’ before the grave was discovered. The mineralogical analysis, using integrated automated mineralogy and petrology detected the presence of diagenetic calcite in the soil profile beneath the grave. Additionally, the organic analysis detected the presence of elevated stanols at the grave and down slope.
Abstract The use of soil evidence to identify an unknown location is a powerful tool to determine the provenance of an item in an investigation. We are particularly interested in the use of these indicators in nuclear forensic cases, whereby identification of locations associated with, for example, a smuggled nuclear material, may be used to indicate the provenance of a find. The use of soil evidence to identify an unknown location relies on understanding and predicting how soils vary in composition depending on their geological/geographical setting. In this study, compositional links between the mineralogy of 40 soils and the underlying bedrock geology, as documented in local-scale geological maps, were established. The soil samples were collected from locations with broadly similar climate and land use across a range of geological settings in a ‘test bed’ 3500 km 2 area of SW England. In this region, the soils formed through chemical weathering of the bedrock, representing a worst case scenario for this type of forensic geolocation owing to the high degree of alteration of the parent rock during soil formation. The mineralogy was quantified using automated scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis based on QEMSCAN technology. Soil mineralogy and texture as measured using this technique are consistent with the underlying geology as indicated by regional-scale geological mapping. Furthermore, differences between individual units of the same bedrock lithology, such as different granites, were identified by examining trace mineralogical signatures. From an investigative viewpoint, this demonstrated that rapid automated mineral profiling of soil samples could be used, in conjunction with readily available geological mapping or similar datasets, to provide indication of the areas from which a soil sample of unknown origin could, or could not, have been sourced.
Carboniferous sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting in the Darbut region of Western Junggar (NW China): evidence from mineralogy, geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb dating
A contribution to the petrophysical knowledge of the Lourinhã Formation as an analogue for the Statfjord Formation in the North Sea oil and gas fields
Abstract Granites ( sensu lato ) come in many types and flavours, defining distinct magmatic series/suites/types. A good classification not only gives generally accepted and understandable names to similar rocks but also links the bulk chemical composition to the stoichiometry of the constituent minerals and, potentially, also to the likely source, magmatic evolution and tectonic setting. The ‘ideal’ granitoid classification should be based on chemical criteria amenable to an objective treatment. Statistical analysis helps to identify the most discriminant variables. The key properties are (1) acidity/maficity, (2) alkalinity (balance of Na + K v. Ca), (3) aluminosity (balance of Al v. Ca, Na and K), (4) Fe/Mg balance and (5) Na/K balance and K contents at the given SiO 2 level. These are used by successful classifications, e.g. the I/S dichotomy is based mainly on aluminosity, while the Frost et al. (2001 ; ‘A geochemical classification for granitic rocks', Journal of Petrology , 42 , 2033–2048, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033 ) classification includes all but Na/K. Even though it is commonplace to use weight percentages of oxides, we suggest that a better strategy is to employ simple atomic parameters (e.g. millications-based) that can be directly linked to modal proportions and compositions/crystal structure of individual rock-forming minerals. This facilitates a petrological interpretation, which, in turn, can be related to petrogenesis and, ultimately, to likely tectonic setting(s).
Abstract Felsic magmatic bodies are exposed widely in the Bomdila region of the western Arunachal Himalaya, NE India. The litho-units of this region are primarily composed of two-mica (muscovite–biotite (ms–bt)) granite gneiss, referred to herein as the Bomdila granite gneiss (BGGn), and the metasediments of the Bomdila Group forming an integral part of the NE Lesser Himalayan thrust sheet. Phase petrology, whole-rock elemental geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopes of the BGGn have been investigated in order to decipher the origin and timing of felsic magmatism and its implications for understanding the pre-Himalayan tectonic environment. Modally, the BGGn can be classified into monzogranite, syenogranite and quartz-rich granitoids. The composition of muscovite (Ti = 0.03–0.07, average Na = 0.07 and Al IV = 2.50–2.90 apfu), biotite (FeO t /MgO = 3.1–4.6, 2Al⇌3Fe and Mg⇌Fe substitutions, and the presence of siderophyllite) and tourmaline (Fe/Fe + Mg = 0.56–0.96, Ca < 0.17 apfu) implies their primary magmatic nature crystallized typically in a peraluminous (S-type) felsic parental melt. This is further supported by the presence of ms–bt, whole-rock molar Al 2 O 3 /CaO + Na 2 O + K 2 O (A/CNK = 1.03–1.64) and normative corundum. Whole-rock multi-cationic parameters indicate a syn-collisional tectonic environment. However, the content of Rb (average 300 ppm) and high-field strength elements (HFSEs) in the BGGn indicates syn- to post-collisional tectonic settings. The BGGn parental melt was most likely to have been generated by dehydration melting of metasedimentary sources at middle–upper crustal depths. Geochemical modelling constrains the evolution of the parental melt of the BGGn by a moderate degree of fractional differentiation ( F = 0.45) involving a biotite–plagioclase–K-feldspar–muscovite–titanite–apatite (bt–pl–Kfs–ms–ttn–ap) assemblage. Laser ablation-multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS)-analysed zircons from the BGGn yield a weighted mean 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age of 1752 ± 23 Ma as the crystallization age for the zircons in the BGGn melt, which falls well within the period of magmatism formed during the Columbia supercontinent accretionary orogen. The observed negative ε Hf (t) values (−1.67 to −7.99) and three-stage Hf-model ages (2818, 2586–2424 and 2393–2250 Ma) of zircons, strongly point to the involvement of ancient continental crust and source heterogeneity (Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic continental crust) in the generation of the BGGn melt. The reworked ancient crustal components would have once been part of the northern Indian lithosphere, as indicated by the observed 207 Pb/ 206 Pb concordant ages (2436, 2136, 2013 Ma) of the inherited zircons.