Abstract The Triassic Fundy rift basin in Nova Scotia is a large (>70 km wide) half-graben filled with alluvial, lacustrine and aeolian deposits. A major lithospheric lineament, the Cobequid–Chedabucto Fault Zone (CCFZ), which forms the tip of the Newfoundland–Gibraltar Fault Zone, occurs within the Fundy Basin. The timing of early movement on this important fault zone is poorly constrained. We present data from the alluvial and aeolian units that crop out adjacent to the CCFZ in the Minas sub-basin to determine the initiation of fault movement. We use the onset of alluvial fan deposition to infer when the fault became sufficiently active to create the intrabasinal topography and document the influence of fault activity on the intrabasinal drainage. The occurrence and preservation of aeolian deposits immediately adjacent to the CCFZ and concomitant with alluvial fan development suggests a wind shadow effect associated with the fault-generated topography. The onset of alluvial fan deposition associated directly with the fault occurred during Norian times, following an earlier phase of sedimentation in the Fundy Basin, and records a potentially important phase of plate reorganization during early Atlantic rifting.

Abstract Reactivated Paleozoic faults provided accommodation of rift and synrift basin fill in the Triassic Fundy Basin and Orpheus Graben of the Scotian Margin. Age data ( Williams, 1985 ) suggests that the Minas Subbasin opened as early as the Anisian (242–247.2 ma) while the Orpheus Graben opened as early as the Rhaetian (201.3–208.5 ma). The Minas Fault Zone (MFZ) defines the boundary between the Avalon and Meguma terranes in the Canadian Appalachians and is exposed along mainland Nova Scotia ( Murphy et al. , 2011 ). This series of faults mark the northern flank of the Minas subbasin (Fundy basin) and Orpheus graben (Scotian basin), and were reactivated during Mesozoic regional extension. Faults nearest the highlands accommodated the coarsest material (alluvial) while faults toward the basin center accommodated relatively finer grained fluvial, aeolian, and lacustrine sediments ( Wade and MacLean, 1990 ; Leleu et al. , 2009 ). The Wolfville Formation comprises alluvial facies and generally fines upward into the Blomidon Formation aeolian sediments ( Fig. 1 ), only found along the northern boundary of the basin. Is this facies present due to local deposition within the Minas subbasin in an arid, dry zone or do aeolian sediments persist along all footwalls of eastern North American synrift basins? Figure 1. Schematic transect through the Minas Subbasin showing the structural and stratigraphic elements of this basin during rifting. Alluvial fan facies are found along the northern faulted flank of the basin, with minor occurrence of Aeolian facies. Fluvial facies are found along the entirety of the basin. Lacustrine facies are also found along the entirety of the basin but are dominantly deposited in the central areas of the basin. The Orpheus graben is an oblique trending Mesozoic extensional basin. At outcrop on the western edge of the basin, facies comprise fine to coarse-grained sandstone containing pebble to cobble clasts and having a minor mud and conglomeratic facies. These are interpreted to have been deposited in an alluvial braided channel complex nearest the mouth of the river system ( Tanner and Brown, 1999 ). To the east, more distal facies representing evaporites, playa lake and marginal marine environments are present in cores of the Eurydice Formation and represent initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Paleoflow indicators suggest axial rivers once existed between the two basins along the MFZ ( Tanner and Brown, 1999 ; Leleu et al. , 2009 ). Could the “Broad Terrane Hypothesis” of Russell (1879) be applicable? Was there a single connected basin which was separated into two subbasins through uplift and erosion of conjoining strata (alluvial deposits along the axial trend of the MFZ)? During basin inversion ( Withjack et al. , 1995 ; Withjack et al ., 2009 ; Withjack et al ., 1998 ) sediments deposited along the Minas Fault Zone have been uplifted and eroded. This is most likely the reason for the lack of alluvial facies present along the northern edge (footwall) of the Minas Subbasin. Facies associations of surface and subsurface synrift sediments are being characterized to discern sediment distribution patterns and sediment provenance (outcrop, thin section) and subsurface (core, cuttings, thin section).

Abstract Permo-Triassic rift basins offer important hydrocarbon targets along the Atlantic margins. Their fill is dominated by continental red beds, comprising braided fluvial, alluvial fan, aeolian, floodplain and lacustrine facies. These relatively lightly explored basins span both the Atlantic and Tethyan domains and developed above a complex basement with inherited structural fabrics. Sparse data in offshore regions constrain understanding of depositional geometries and sedimentary architecture, further impeded by their deep burial beneath younger strata, combined with the effects of later deformation during continental breakup. This paper provides results from a multidisciplinary analysis of basins along the Atlantic margin. Regional seismic and well data, combined with geochemical provenance analysis from the European North Atlantic margins, are integrated with detailed outcrop studies in Morocco and Nova Scotia. The research provides new insights into regional basin tectonostratigraphic evolution, sediment fill, and reservoir distribution, architecture and quality at a range of scales. Regional seismic profiles, supported by key well data, indicate the presence of post-orogenic collapse basins, focused narrow rifts and low-magnitude multiple extensional depocentres. Significantly, Permo-Triassic basin geometries are different and more varied than the overlying Jurassic and younger basins. Provenance analysis using Pb isotopic composition of detrital K-feldspar yields new and robust controls on the sediment dispersal patterns of Triassic sandstones in the NE Atlantic margin. The evolving sedimentary architecture is characterized by detailed sedimentological studies of key outcrops of age equivalent Permian–Triassic rifts in Morocco and Nova Scotia. The interplay of tectonics and climate is observed to influence sedimentation, which has significant implications for reservoir distribution in analogue basins. New digital outcrop techniques are providing improved reservoir models, and identification of key marker horizons and sequence boundaries offers a potential subsurface correlation tool. Future work will address source and seal distribution within the potentially petroliferous basins.