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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
micromorphology
Cooler Equatorial Climate in the Late Lopingian Estimated from Paleosols Developed on Emeishan Basalts Available to Purchase
Stable isotope geochemistry of pedogenic carbonates in calcareous materials, Iran: a review and synthesis Available to Purchase
Abstract The stable isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate forms in equilibrium with environmental parameters and, thus, records palaeoenvironmental signals. The aims of this study are to synthesize available data on the stable isotopic composition of Quaternary pedogenic carbonates in calcareous parent materials of Iran and to decipher paleoenvironmental implications of the isotopic data for the country. Isotopic composition and microfabric of pedogenic carbonates in 18 pedons in both gravelly (calcareous alluvium in central Iran) and non-gravelly deposits (calcareous loess in northeastern Iran) have been investigated. The results indicate that in limestone-derived soils of central Iran in situ weathering of calcareous pebbles is a major source of Ca for genesis of the carbonates, and carbonate features consist of micritic calcite crystals. In the loessic soils of northeastern Iran, pedogenic carbonates show a dominance of nodule morphology and are classified as orthic nodules. Microfabric analysis reveals that most of the carbonates have not been altered by diagenetic processes, especially the Holocene carbonates, and are suitable for isotopic study and palaeoreconstructions. In limestone-derived soils within the arid region of central Iran, the δ 18 O and the δ 13 C values of carbonates indicate their enrichment due to the effects of evaporative water loss, a decline in plant density and the entrance of atmospheric CO 2 into the soils. In semi-arid ecosystems of central and northeastern Iran, most of the Holocene carbonates have formed in equilibrium with the ambient environment and are suitable for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. The combination of carbon and oxygen isotopic data demonstrates the dominant role of climate in determining the δ 13 C values of carbonates. There is a strong relationship between the δ 13 C values of carbonates and rainfall, and between O isotopes and aridity indices. Stable isotope patterns in Holocene soils appear to provide data for models that can then be used to interpret the many localities where Pleistocene-aged soils and associated carbonate exist.
Frost action and human occupation during the Late Pleistocene in the Italian Southern Alps: micromorphological evidences from the Caverna Generosa cave Available to Purchase
Il était une fois des sociétés qui stockaient du carbone en ville : processus de formation et implications sociétales des terres noires urbaines de l’Europe médiévale (V e −XI e s.). Open Access
Clay Minerals and Micromorphology of the Loess Paleosols, Kashmir Valley, India Available to Purchase
Fractal characteristics of the anisotropic microstructure and pore distribution of low-rank coal Available to Purchase
Ceramic properties of Uşak clay in comparison with Ukrainian clay Available to Purchase
Anatomy of a Sub-Cambrian Paleosol in Wisconsin: Mass Fluxes of Chemical Weathering and Climatic Conditions in North America during Formation of the Cambrian Great Unconformity Available to Purchase
Micromorphology and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Interfluve Paleosols from the Ganga Plains: a Record of Alluvial Cyclicity and Paleoclimate During the Late Quaternary Available to Purchase
The application of microtextural and heavy mineral analysis to discriminate between storm and tsunami deposits Available to Purchase
Abstract Recent work has applied microtextural and heavy mineral analyses to sandy storm and tsunami deposits from Portugal, Scotland, Indonesia and the USA. We looked at the interpretation of microtextural imagery (scanning electron microscopy) of quartz grains and heavy mineral compositions. We consider inundation events of different chronologies and sources (the AD 1755 Lisbon and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, the Great Storm of 11 January 2005 in Scotland, and Hurricane Sandy in 2012) that affected contrasting coastal and hinterland settings with different regional oceanographic conditions. Storm and tsunami deposits were examined along with potential source sediments (alluvial, beach, dune and nearshore sediments) to determine provenance. Results suggest that tsunami deposits typically exhibit a significant spatial variation in grain sizes, microtextures and heavy minerals. Storm deposits show less variability, especially in vertical profiles. Tsunami and storm quartz grains had more percussion marks and fresh surfaces compared to potential source material. Moreover, in the studied cases, tsunami samples had fewer fresh surfaces than storm deposits. Heavy mineral assemblages are typically site-specific. The concentration of heavy minerals decreases upwards in tsunamigenic units, whereas storm sediments show cyclic concentrations of heavy minerals, reflected in the laminations observed macroscopically in the deposits.