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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
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-
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Arctic Ocean
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Barents Sea (1)
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Arctic region
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Svalbard (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Guizhou China (1)
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Songliao Basin (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Pakistan (1)
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Potwar Plateau (1)
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Southeast Asia (1)
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-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Celtic Sea (1)
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Great Bahama Bank (1)
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Gulf of Mexico
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Florida Bay (1)
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North Sea (1)
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Avalon Zone (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Bruce County Ontario (3)
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Bruce Peninsula (1)
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Essex County Ontario (1)
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Lambton County Ontario (1)
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Manitoulin District Ontario
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Manitoulin Island (3)
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Moose River basin (1)
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Russell County Ontario (1)
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Ottawa Valley (1)
-
-
Western Canada
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Alberta
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Alberta Basin (2)
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Peace River Arch (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Belarus
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Zhitkovichi Belarus (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Belarus
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Zhitkovichi Belarus (1)
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Bern Switzerland (1)
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Southern Europe
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Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway (1)
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Sweden
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Gotland Sweden (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Persian Gulf (1)
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Llanos (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (28)
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Appalachians (6)
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Canadian Shield (2)
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Great Lakes
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Lake Huron (1)
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Lake Michigan (4)
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Great Lakes region (15)
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Great Plains
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Grenville Front (1)
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Michigan Basin (201)
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Niagara Escarpment (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (2)
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Williston Basin (4)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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San Juan Basin (2)
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South America
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Colombia (2)
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Peru (1)
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Venezuela (1)
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United States
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Alabama (2)
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Anadarko Basin (1)
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Ardmore Basin (1)
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Arkoma Basin (3)
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California
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Cincinnati Arch (2)
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Colorado Plateau (1)
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Eastern U.S. (4)
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Forest City Basin (3)
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Illinois (8)
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Illinois Basin (26)
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Indiana
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Clay County Indiana (1)
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Greene County Indiana (1)
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Kentland impact structure (1)
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Newton County Indiana (1)
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Steuben County Indiana (1)
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Sullivan County Indiana (1)
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Iowa (1)
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Kansas (1)
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Kentucky (1)
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Michigan
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Michigan Lower Peninsula
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Alcona County Michigan (1)
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Alpena County Michigan (3)
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Antrim County Michigan (1)
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Arenac County Michigan (1)
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Bay County Michigan (3)
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Benzie County Michigan (1)
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Charlevoix County Michigan (2)
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Cheboygan County Michigan (1)
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Clare County Michigan (1)
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Clinton County Michigan (1)
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Crawford County Michigan (1)
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Eaton County Michigan (2)
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Emmet County Michigan (2)
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Gladwin County Michigan (3)
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Grand Traverse County Michigan (2)
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Gratiot County Michigan (1)
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Ingham County Michigan (1)
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Ionia County Michigan (3)
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Kalkaska County Michigan (1)
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Macomb County Michigan (3)
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Manistee County Michigan (2)
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Midland County Michigan (2)
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Missaukee County Michigan (1)
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Montcalm County Michigan (1)
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Montmorency County Michigan (1)
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Ogemaw County Michigan (1)
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Otsego County Michigan (3)
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Ottawa County Michigan (1)
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Presque Isle County Michigan (3)
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Saginaw County Michigan (1)
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Saint Clair County Michigan (1)
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Sanilac County Michigan (1)
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Tuscola County Michigan (1)
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Wayne County Michigan (1)
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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Schoolcraft County Michigan (1)
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Midcontinent (7)
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Midwest (4)
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Mississippi Embayment (1)
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Mississippi Valley (1)
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Montana (1)
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Moxa Arch (1)
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Nebraska (1)
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Nevada
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Humboldt County Nevada
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Getchell Mine (1)
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New York (4)
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Ohio
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Wyandot County Ohio (1)
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Oklahoma (2)
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Paradox Basin (1)
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Pennsylvania (1)
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Powder River basin (1)
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Tennessee (2)
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Texas
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Fort Worth Basin (2)
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Virginia (1)
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West Virginia (1)
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Wisconsin
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Milwaukee County Wisconsin
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Milwaukee Wisconsin (1)
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Racine County Wisconsin (1)
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Wyoming (2)
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-
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commodities
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brines (12)
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coal deposits (1)
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construction materials
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building stone (2)
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energy sources (13)
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geothermal energy (1)
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gypsum deposits (2)
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limestone deposits (1)
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metal ores
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lead ores (1)
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lead-zinc deposits (2)
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zinc ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (3)
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mineral exploration (1)
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mineral resources (2)
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oil and gas fields (19)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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coalbed methane (2)
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-
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (21)
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C-14 (2)
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organic carbon (3)
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hydrogen
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D/H (4)
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deuterium (3)
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tritium (1)
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-
isotope ratios (17)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (2)
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tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (3)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
-
silicon (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
-
-
fossils
-
borings (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata (2)
-
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
Hemichordata (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida
-
Pentameracea (1)
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-
Spiriferida (1)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (5)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda
-
Archaeogastropoda (1)
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Hyolithes (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (5)
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta
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Icriodus (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
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miospores
-
pollen (3)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae (4)
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
K/Ar (2)
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Lu/Hf (1)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
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Pb/Pb (1)
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Rb/Sr (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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U/Pb (4)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
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-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (1)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (2)
-
Milk River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Bedford Shale (2)
-
Berea Sandstone (3)
-
Cambrian
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (3)
-
Franconia Formation (2)
-
Galesville Sandstone (3)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (2)
-
Trempealeauan (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kinderhookian (1)
-
Osagian (2)
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Sunbury Shale (2)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (2)
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan (3)
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
-
Saginaw Formation (4)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Columbus Limestone (3)
-
Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (5)
-
Dundee Limestone (8)
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Givetian (2)
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (2)
-
Sylvania Formation (2)
-
Tioga Bentonite (1)
-
-
Traverse Group (5)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Cleveland Member (1)
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Ohio Shale (5)
-
-
-
Knox Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
New Albany Shale (5)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Prairie du Chien Group (2)
-
Shakopee Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (5)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Glenwood Shale (3)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (9)
-
Simpson Group (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (9)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Trentonian (9)
-
-
Utica Shale (4)
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Bass Islands Dolomite (2)
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Guelph Formation (4)
-
Racine Dolomite (3)
-
-
Niagaran (25)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan (2)
-
Salina Group (11)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (15)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Keweenawan (2)
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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volcanic ash (1)
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-
metamorphic rocks
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K-bentonite (1)
-
-
minerals
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carbonates
-
calcite (2)
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dolomite (4)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (4)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (3)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (6)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
glauconite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (7)
-
gypsum (3)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (10)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Songliao Basin (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java (1)
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Pakistan (1)
-
Potwar Plateau (1)
-
-
Southeast Asia (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Celtic Sea (1)
-
Great Bahama Bank (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Florida Bay (1)
-
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
biogeography (3)
-
bitumens (1)
-
brines (12)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Bruce County Ontario (3)
-
Bruce Peninsula (1)
-
Essex County Ontario (1)
-
Lambton County Ontario (1)
-
Manitoulin District Ontario
-
Manitoulin Island (3)
-
-
Moose River basin (1)
-
Russell County Ontario (1)
-
-
Ottawa Valley (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Alberta Basin (2)
-
Peace River Arch (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
C-14 (2)
-
organic carbon (3)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata (2)
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
coal deposits (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (2)
-
-
crust (5)
-
data processing (9)
-
deformation (3)
-
diagenesis (29)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
economic geology (36)
-
energy sources (13)
-
Eurasia (1)
-
Europe
-
Belarus
-
Zhitkovichi Belarus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland
-
Bern Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden
-
Gotland Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (8)
-
folds (8)
-
fractures (13)
-
geochemistry (24)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (3)
-
geophysical methods (17)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (4)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
ground water (10)
-
gypsum deposits (2)
-
heat flow (9)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (3)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
ichnofossils (2)
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (6)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida
-
Pentameracea (1)
-
-
Spiriferida (1)
-
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (5)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda
-
Archaeogastropoda (1)
-
-
Hyolithes (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (5)
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (2)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (2)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (3)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
land subsidence (2)
-
land use (1)
-
limestone deposits (1)
-
mantle (1)
-
maps (8)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (1)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (2)
-
Milk River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
-
metamorphism (2)
-
metasomatism (3)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (2)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
noble gases
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Michigan Basin
3-D seismic-based morphometric analysis of Silurian pinnacle reefs, southern Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
Major ion pore-water chemistry evolution in Lake Michigan benthic sediments: Evidence for direct input from Michigan Basin saline groundwater Open Access
Diagenetic evolution of secondary evaporites and associated host-rock dolostones in the Huron Domain (Michigan Basin): insights from petrography, geochemistry, and C-O-S-Sr isotopes Available to Purchase
Cross-basin chronostratigraphic correlation of carbonate succession (Llandovery, Michigan Basin, USA) using global carbon δ 13 C carb isotope excursions Available to Purchase
Deep‐Time Perspectives on Miocene Isolated Carbonate Platforms of Southeast Asia Available to Purchase
Although the biota, facies, stacking patterns, sequence stratigraphy, and diagenesis of numerous isolated carbonate platforms have been described and interpreted, trends in the genesis, evolution, and sizes among Phanerozoic examples remain poorly quantified. To provide broad perspectives on Miocene isolated platforms of Central Luconia and Southeast Asia (the focus of this volume), this study summarizes the results of qualitative review of the literature and a quantitative analysis of a relational database of attributes in initiation, growth, character, and demise of more than 850 Phanerozoic isolated platforms. The data and comparisons among parameters reveal numerous trends, including observations that (1) syndepositional tectonics has been interpreted to play an important role in initiation, growth, or demise of more than 44% of isolated platforms; (2) tectonically active platforms are more likely to have higher aspect ratios (more elongate in plan-view and more squat in cross section); (3) stratal geometries are not distributed randomly in time (by era, p = 0.00, and by system, p = 0.04), although aggradational isolated platforms are most common within and among all eras (63% of all platforms); (4) sizes (area, long axis length), thicknesses, and aspect ratios (long axis:short axis; long axis:thickness) of isolated platforms are distinct among Phanerozoic platforms of different eras and systems; (5) although individual platforms steepen as they grow taller, syndepositional relief is not correlated (R 2 = 0.04) with depositional gradient among isolated platforms across the Phanerozoic; (6) causes of isolated platform termination vary nonrandomly through the Phanerozoic (by era, p = 0.00, and by system, p = 0.00). Of all eras, Cenozoic platforms are most likely to drown (68%), in some instances through an association with clastic influx (19%). Subaerial exposure more commonly contributed to the demise of Mesozoic (45%) and Paleozoic (37%) platforms than to that of Cenozoic (13%) platforms. These results, supplemented by more granular comparison of numerous individual platforms, compliment earlier syntheses that focus on the nature of secular changes. The insights suggest that although each platform is unique in many ways, Phanerozoic isolated carbonate platforms include numerous themes that are persistent across ages, sizes, settings, and component biota.
Demarcation of Early Pennsylvanian paleovalleys in depozones of the Appalachian foreland-basin system based on detrital-zircon U-Pb and Hf analysis Available to Purchase
Chronostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Silurian Salina Group for the Michigan and Appalachian Basins through coupled (δ 13 C carb ) chemostratigraphy and subsurface geophysical analyses Open Access
A composite Llandovery δ 13 C carb record from the Michigan Basin, USA Available to Purchase
Naturally occurring underpressure – a global review Open Access
Estimating SHmax azimuth with P sources and vertical geophones: Use P-P reflection amplitudes or use SV-P reflection times? Available to Purchase
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership petroleum fields database: Compilation, utilization, and support for CCUS activities Available to Purchase
Detrital zircons and sediment dispersal in the eastern Midcontinent of North America Open Access
A comparison of carbon dioxide storage resource estimate methodologies for a regional assessment of the Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend in the Michigan Basin Available to Purchase
Investigation of the Regional Site Response in the Central and Eastern United States Available to Purchase
Multiphase flow and underpressured shale at the Bruce nuclear site, Ontario, Canada Open Access
Abstract Hydraulic testing has revealed dramatic underpressures in Paleozoic shales and carbonates at the Bruce nuclear site in Ontario. Although evidence from both laboratory and field studies suggests that a small amount of gas-phase methane could be present in the shale, previous studies examining causal linkages between the gas phase and the underpressure have been inconclusive. To better elucidate processes in such a system, we used a highly simplified 1D representation of the site to test, by using iTOUGH2-EOS7C, the effects of various factors on the evolution of gas-phase methane and pressures within the system. Heterogeneity was represented by three stratigraphic regions with slightly different capillary pressure characteristics and, in one case, three thin distinct zones with very different characteristics. Underpressure occurred only when gas pressures set as an initial condition required it, and even in this case it was geologically short-lived. We conclude that the presence of multiple fluid phases is unlikely to explain the underpressure at the site; we suggest that the influence of gas-phase methane on porewater flow is minimal. This is consistent with prior conceptualizations of the underpressured section as a thick aquiclude, in which solute transport occurs extremely slowly, bounded by aquifers of significantly higher permeability.
Origin and 87 Rb– 87 Sr age of porewaters in low permeability Ordovician sediments on the eastern flank of the Michigan Basin, Tiverton, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
A new sequence stratigraphic model for the Silurian A-1 Carbonate (Ruff Formation) of the Michigan Basin Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The A-1 Carbonate is the primary hydrocarbon source rock and an important reservoir component of the Silurian (Niagaran) pinnacle reef complexes in the Michigan Basin. The geology of the A-1 Carbonate, however, is not widely known because the majority of published research about this hydrocarbon system focuses on the pinnacle reefs. To gain a better understanding of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the A-1 Carbonate, we integrated data from slabbed core, thin section petrography, gamma-ray logs, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). Thirteen distinct lithofacies within the A-1 Carbonate are recognized, with inferred depositional environments ranging from intertidal-sabkha to deep basin. The recognition of deep-water lithofacies contrasts significantly with previous interpretations of the A-1 Carbonate as a shallow, peritidal deposit. Lithofacies stacking patterns and ED-XRF elemental trends within the A-1 Carbonate are consistent with basinwide sea-level fluctuations that resulted in deposition of three major stratigraphic units, called the Lower A-1 Carbonate, Rabbit Ear Anhydrite, and Upper A-1 Carbonate. The basal part of the Lower A-1 Carbonate was deposited during a basinwide transgression, as evidenced by deep-water pelagic carbonate accumulation in the basin center, lithofacies that become progressively muddier from bottom to top, and higher concentrations of Si, Al, and K upward, which are interpreted to reflect the influx of continental sediments. The subsequent highstand deposits of the upper part of the Lower A-1 Carbonate are characterized by a decrease in Si, Al, and K, coupled with a shallowing-upward facies succession consistent with increased carbonate production rates. The Rabbit Ear Anhydrite, which bifurcates the Upper and Lower A-1 Carbonate units, exhibits a variety of anhydrite fabrics across a wide range of paleotopographic settings within the basin. The Rabbit Ear Anhydrite is interpreted to reflect a time-correlative sea-level drawdown, which caused basin restriction, gypsum deposition, and elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive elements, such as Mo and Ni. The Upper A-1 Carbonate represents sedimentation during another major basinwide transgression that culminated in the deposition of shallow-water microbialites on the crests of previously exposed Niagara reef complexes. Similar to the Lower A-1 Carbonate, the base of the Upper A-1 Carbonate exhibits elemental signatures indicative of continental influence, whereas the overlying highstand deposits are characterized by more normal marine conditions and lower concentrations of Si, Al, and K.
Pennsylvanian Pewamo Formation and Haybridge strata of central Michigan: The youngest rocks of the Michigan Basin? Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Pennsylvanian red beds are the youngest known rocks in the Michigan Basin. Two new formation-level units, the Pewamo Formation and the Haybridge strata, have recently been described. The Pewamo Formation, composed of Pennsylvanian red sandstones and minor laminated mudstones, is known from outcrops, abandoned quarries, and one core in Ionia County. The Haybridge unit is located in the shallow subsurface and in coal mine tailing piles in Shiawassee County. It consists of red sandstone, red mudstone, coal, and gray mudstone, all hosting Pennsylvanian macroscopic plant fossils. Neither the Pewamo nor the Haybridge rocks have any demonstrated relationship to red core cuttings reported as Jurassic from the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan. No firm evidence exists for Jurassic, or any other post-Pennsylvanian rocks in the Michigan Basin. The red core cuttings may be glacial sediments with reworked palynomorphs from rocks transported from elsewhere. A shallow coring project, followed by detailed sedimentologic, petrographic, mineralogic, and paleontologic studies, is necessary to: (1) refine the vertical and lateral stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian rocks in Michigan; (2) solve the “Jurassic red bed problem”; and (3) understand the late Pennsylvanian–Pleistocene history of the Michigan Basin.
Geological characterization and assessment of confining layer potential of the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale, Michigan Basin, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the geological controls on stratigraphic and lithologic variability in the Ordovician Utica Shale and related Collingwood Member in the Michigan Basin in order to assess CO 2 sequestration cap rock (seal) potential, including petrophysical properties and mechanical fracture responses. Twelve conventional cores and hundreds of modern well logs from the Michigan Basin were analyzed to correlate and calibrate wireline log signatures with whole-rock mineral composition (from X-ray diffraction analysis) and mechanical properties (from core analysis) to identify brittle, fracture-prone zones, and to validate the Utica Shale as a regional geologic seal. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy with Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscope (QEMSCAN ®) software was employed to image pores and for quantitative analysis of mineralogy, texture, and porosity. Mercury injection capillary pressure and triaxial strength testing was conducted to assess petrophysical properties and mechanical responses. The results suggest the Utica Shale could reliably contain upwards of 1500 m of buoyant, supercritical CO 2 stored in underlying Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs.
A reevaluation of the Burnt Bluff Group (Llandovery, Silurian, Michigan Basin) from subsurface and outcrop data: Development of a time-transgressive depositional model Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Previous work shows that the Burnt Bluff Group was deposited as a series of shallow- to moderate-water-depth facies in a tropical marine setting in the Michigan Basin during the Llandoverian. New interest in the unit for both hydrocarbon resources (subsurface) and aggregate resources (outcrop) is driving research in this poorly understood unit. New cores, as well as investigation of the outcrop belt in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, allow further elaboration of the depositional model. The traditional interpretation of the Burnt Bluff Group consists, in stratigraphic order, of the open-marine deposits of the Lime Island Formation, the restricted lagoonal–tidal flat Byron Formation, and the open-marine deposits of the Hendricks Formation. The contacts with the underlying Cataract Group and overlying Manistique Group are gradational. Identification and description of facies in both cores and outcrop sections provide new constraints on the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Burnt Bluff Group. New outcrop and core data require the revision of the depositional model for portions of the group because typical Byron-like facies are found interbedded with Hendricks-like facies in both the Byron and Hendricks Formations. Limited age data from published research combined with the new facies model for the Burnt Bluff Group suggest that the unit was deposited as a time-transgressive package on a carbonate ramp during the Llandoverian.